分类: 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物学研究、实验与植物演化、发展 提交时间: 2018-06-25 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要: 为有力的推动猕猴桃产业化种苗生产及推广,快速高效的繁育猕猴桃新种质资源,同时为猕猴桃多倍体育种、转基因育种等新兴育种技术创造新种质资源奠定基础,该研究以‘东红’猕猴桃叶片、叶柄为外植体,探讨了不同植物生长调节剂种类及质量浓度组合对不定芽诱导过程中不定芽形成的影响,并研究了不同植物生长调节剂对‘东红’组培苗不定根诱导的影响。结果表明,‘东红’再生最佳外植体为叶柄。叶柄不定芽再生最佳培养基为MS + 0.5 μg·mL-1 6-BA + 0.2 μg·mL-1 NAA,不定芽平均再生率为91.2%,不定芽经过壮苗培养(MS + 0.2 μg·mL-1 6-BA + 0.05 μg·mL-1 NAA),取2~3 cm高幼苗进行生根诱导,不定根再生 率为93%,平均根数为6条。生根后,种苗移栽成活率达80%以上。初步建立了‘东红’叶柄高效再生体系,为猕猴桃快速的产业化种苗生产提供有力保证,也为后期猕猴桃育种研究提供理论依据。
分类: 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物学研究、实验与植物演化、发展 提交时间: 2018-06-25 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要: 为了获得活力高和再生能力强的甘蔗原生质体,本研究对甘蔗原生质体的冻存液浓度、冻存温度和冻存部位进行研究,结果发现:(1)不同的冻存液、不同的冻存温度和不同的取材部位原生质体冻存后复苏对甘蔗原生质体的活力影响有显著差异性,三个冻存液组合比较,在组合2(70%培养基+20%血清+10% DMSO),冻存30 d后复苏活力最强,高达72%;冻存90 d内复苏,-196℃液氮和-80℃冰箱冻存,甘蔗原生质体的活力差异不显著,活力均达75%以上,但90 d冻存后复苏,-196℃液氮冻存后复苏比-80 ℃冰箱冻存冻存后复苏原生质活力强;不同取材部位比较,幼叶冻存30 d后复苏所得原生质体活力较高达79.2%,茎尖冻存30 d后复苏所得原生质体活力仅为42.7%;(2)不同的冻存液和不同的冻存温度,细胞第一次启动分裂和形成细胞团的时间差异不显著,一般培养5~6 d,细胞壁基本形成完整,培养6 d后,细胞启动分裂,培养15 d后形成细胞团。不同的材料部位相比较,茎尖酶解所得原生质体再生能力最强,较幼叶酶解原生质体,形成细胞壁的时间早3 d,第一次分裂时间早2 d。研究结果将为甘蔗原生质体的超低温保存提供科学依据,为体细胞融合育种、遗传学和转基因研究提供材料和技术支撑。
分类: 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物学研究、实验与植物演化、发展 提交时间: 2018-06-25 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要: 该文报道了产鄂西和湘西北的双子叶植物省级分布新记录1个属和8个种。湖北分布新记录有龙珠(Tubocapsicum anomalum)、直梗高山唐松草(Thalictrum alpinum var. elatum)、虫莲(Sanguisorba filiformis)、腺地(Sanguisorba officinalis var. glandulosa)、平叶酸藤子(Embelia undulata)、广西地海椒(Physaliastrum chamaesarachoides)、东北薄荷(Mentha sachalinensis)、黄鼠狼花(Salvia tricuspis),其中龙珠对应的龙珠属(Tubocapsicum)是湖北新记录属;湖南分布新记录有宝兴藨寄生(Gleadovia mupinense)。根据IUCN标准, 宝兴藨寄生属濒危(EN)物种。这些新记录的发现丰富了华中植物区系资料,在植物保护方面也有一定意义。
分类: 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物学研究、实验与植物演化、发展 提交时间: 2018-06-25 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要: 瑶族是一个拥有悠久历史和灿烂文化的民族,红瑶是其中一个分支,因妇女服饰上的花纹图案以大红色为主而得名,其生活习俗饱含民族特色,他们对植物尤其是药用植物的利用方式,与其他民族不同。该研究采用经典的民族植物学理论和方法,访问调查了广西龙胜红瑶传统药用植物种类,根据植物拉丁名、中文名、当地名、用途、用法及药用部位,对其进行民族植物学编目,并与《中国药典》作了比较。结果表明:共记录到药用植物95种,隶属于57科83属,其中蔷薇科、百合科种类最多,分别含有7种,显示龙胜红瑶传统药用植物资源的多样性;全株入药的植物种类41种,占总数的43.16 %,根入药的种类为23种,占总数的24.21 %;再次是叶入药的种类,为13种,占总数的13.68 %。药用植物的药用部位以全株、根及叶为主;治疗风湿类疾病的药物比重最大,达到23.47 %,推测与其生活的环境有关;与《中国药典》比较,发现71种植物未被其收录,另有17种虽被收录但主治功效不同,被收录且主治功效大致相同的药物仅有7种,这为新型中药研发提供借鉴。最后探讨了龙胜红瑶传统药用植物的药用价值、资源现状及文化传承的问题。该研究为保存红瑶的民族知识、继承民族传统奠定了科学基础。
分类: 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物学研究、实验与植物演化、发展 提交时间: 2018-06-25 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要: 西藏墨脱县位于东喜马拉雅和印缅交界地区,是雅鲁藏布江大峡谷国家级自然保护区的核心区域,是喜马拉雅生物多样性热点地区之一。通过对墨脱的科学考察,报道了中国兰科植物2新纪录种,西藏牛角兰(Ceratostylis radiata)和格当石豆兰(Bulbophyllum psychoon),并提供描述和图片。西藏牛角兰花为纯白色,花辐射对称,唇瓣3裂,茎长2~2.5 cm而明显区别于该属内其他种。格当石豆兰与齿瓣石豆兰(Bulbophyllum levinei)相似,但不同之处在于花瓣卵形,先端锐尖。凭证标本分别保存于西藏自治区高原生物研究所(XZ)和中国科学院植物研究所(PE)标本馆。2个新纪录种原分布均在印度、缅甸和越南等地区,在西藏的发现,说明了墨脱的植物区系和原分布地有一定的关系,同时也印证了墨脱属于亚热带地区,且2个种的分布海拔也超出了原分布地范围,开花的时间也相对推迟。新纪录种的发现对摸清本区植物种类和丰富中国西藏植物区系提供了更加详实的资料。
分类: 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物学研究、实验与植物演化、发展 提交时间: 2018-06-25 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要: 乌蒙山位于西部半湿润常绿阔叶林与东部湿润常绿阔叶林交界区,是云南省唯一分布峨眉栲、华木荷群系( Formation Castanopsis platyacantha, Schima sinensis)的地区,该群系处于中国西部常绿阔叶林向东部常绿阔叶林过渡的地带,群落更加复杂多样。乌蒙山峨眉栲、华木荷群落属于云南的中山湿性常绿阔叶林,但与东部湿润常绿阔叶林更为接近,其分布原因和群落特征都具有一定的研究意义。为了更深入的了解该群系的群落特征,同时找出其与东部湿润常绿阔叶林的联系,本文对该类型群落进行了数量分类研究,并分析了聚类归并的各群落类型的乔灌优势种特征(径级结构、高度结构和重要值)。同时,采用DCA,CCA和DCCA排序分析进行群落特征分异的环境解释。最后,与四川峨眉山同类群落进行特征对比。结果表明:(1)乌蒙山峨眉栲、华木荷群落可划分为6个类型:峨眉栲群落,峨眉栲、华木荷群落,峨眉栲、十齿花群落,水青冈(Fagus longipetiolata)、华木荷、峨眉栲群落,华木荷、硬斗石栎(Lithocarpus hancei)群落,十齿花(Dipentodon sinicus)、华木荷群落。(2)乌蒙山峨眉栲、华木荷群落中,峨眉栲大树比例较高,华木荷小苗数量巨大,灌木层常以竹类为优势种。(3)海拔、坡度和太阳年辐射值是影响群落分布的主导因素。(4)峨眉山同类群落中优势种种群呈稳定型或增长型,而乌蒙山峨眉栲、华木荷群落中,峨眉栲和水青冈呈现下降型的特点。
分类: 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物学研究、实验与植物演化、发展 提交时间: 2018-06-25 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要: 生态浮床系统是目前水环境综合治理领域的研究和应用热点。为研究其植物多样性及组合对生活污水净化的影响,本文以芦竹为建群种和优势种构建5个多样性水平及2种组合模式,比较分析了它们的植株生长、系统生产力及N、P、COD去除率。结果发现,随着多样性的增加,芦竹等湿地植物的单株生物量及相对生长速率(RGR)呈下降趋势,但中生植物的生存与生长受到促进。系统生产力随多样性的增加呈下降趋势,而N、P、COD去除率随多样性增加而显著增加。在同一多样性水平下,中生植物种占多数的组合虽然系统生产力低于湿地植物种占多数的组合,但前者的N、P、COD去除率高于后者。同一多样性及组合条件下,P去除率最高,N去除率次之,COD去除率最低。随着生态浮床系统建立时间的增加,N、P、COD去除率呈现先快速增加后缓慢降低的趋势。以上结果说明生态浮床系统中植物多样性及组合影响生活污水的净化效果,除了植物直接吸收与吸附外,微生物的去除作用可能更为重要。
分类: 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物学研究、实验与植物演化、发展 提交时间: 2018-06-25 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要: 以紫茎泽兰(Ageratina adenophora)为供体,7种乡土植物即马尾松(Pinus massoniana)、杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata )、构树(Broussonetia papyifera)、板栗(Castanea mollissima)、花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanu)、油茶(Camellia oleifera)、火棘(Pyracantha fortuneana)为受体,研究了紫茎泽兰叶的水浸提液对受试植物幼苗叶绿素含量和生长的化感影响。结果表明:(1)紫茎泽兰叶水提液在低浓度条件下对花椒、火棘的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总含量具有一定的促进作用,对其余5个物种的叶绿素影响不显著。在高浓度处理下杉木、板栗和构树叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总含量的含量表现显著下降。火棘仅叶绿素b显著下降,马尾松均表现为增加,对油茶和花椒影响不显著;(2)对受体植物生长参数测定后发现,紫茎泽兰叶片水提液在高浓度( mg·mL-1)条件下对除板栗外的6种受体植物的所有生长参数均表现出显著的抑制作用,在低浓度下对火棘、花椒、杉木的地径和冠幅具有一定促进作用,对其余4个物种生长参数影响不显著。
分类: 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物学研究、实验与植物演化、发展 提交时间: 2016-05-31
摘要: Grassland agriculture is experiencing a number of threats including declining profitability and loss of area to other land uses including expansion of the built environment as well as from cropland and forestry. The use of grassland as a natural resource either in terms of existing vegetation and land cover or planting of new species for bioenergy and other nonfood applications presents an opportunity, and potential solution, to maintain the broader ecosystem services that perennial grasslands provide as well as to improve the options for grassland farmers and their communities. This paper brings together different grass or grassland-based studies and considers them as part of a continuum of strategies that, when also combined with improvements in grassland production systems,will improve the overall efficiency of grasslands as an important natural resource and enable a greater area to be managed, replanted or conserved. These diversification options relate to those most likely to be available to farmers and land owners in the marginally economic or uneconomic grasslands of middle to northern Europe and specifically in the UK. Grasslands represent the predominant global land use and so these strategies are likely to be relevant to other areas although the grass species used may vary. The options covered include the use of biomass derived from the management of grasses in the urban and semi urban environment, semi-natural grassland systems as part of ecosystem management, pasture in addition to livestock production, and the planting and cropping of dedicated energy grasses. The adoption of such approaches would not only increase income from economically marginal grasslands, but would also mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production and help fund conservation of these valuable grassland ecosystems and landscapes, which is increasingly becoming a challenge.
分类: 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物学研究、实验与植物演化、发展 提交时间: 2016-05-31
摘要: A key global 21st century challenge is to maximize agricultural production while minimizing use of resources such as land, water, and energy to meet rising demand for produce. To meet this challenge, while also adapting to climate change, agriculture will have to become more knowledge intensive and deploy smarter farming techniques. The intention of this study was to: (1)Highlight the opportunity for web-based knowledge exchange to increase farm productivity and thus contribute to achieving food and energy security, (2) Give some examples of online farming information services such as the “CROPROTECT” tool I am developing in the UK, the CABI “Plantwise” Knowledge Bank and the IRRI “Rice Doctor,” and (3) Consider lessons learnt so far.There are huge opportunities to facilitate knowledge exchange through online systems for farmers and people who advise farmers. CROPROTECT is interacting with users to determine priorities in terms of the pests, weeds, and diseases covered and is providing key information to assist with their management. Knowledge is a critical input for farming systems. Crop protection in particular is becoming more difficult due to evolution of pest resistance and changes in legislation.Up to date information can be made rapidly available and shared online through websites and smartphone Apps. Agricultural extension no longer relies solely on physical meetings and printed documents. The capacity to share information via the Internet is tremendous with its potential to reach a wide audience in the farming community, to provide rapid updates and to interact more with the users. However, in an era of information deluge,accessing relevant information and ensuring reliability are essential considerations. There is also a need to bring science and farming communities together to turn information into relevant farming knowledge.
分类: 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物学研究、实验与植物演化、发展 提交时间: 2016-05-27
摘要: S.S.Z. performed the research with the help of L.S., X.D. and S.J.L. W.T. supervised the bioinformatics analysis. S.S.Z. and J.X.L. designed the experiment, analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript.
分类: 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物细胞学与植物遗传学、植物形态学 提交时间: 2016-05-04
摘要: Miscanthus lutarioriparius is an endemic species that grows along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and is a valuable source of germplasm for the development of second-generation energy crops. The plant that propagates via seeds, stem nodes, and rhizomes shows high phenotypic variation and strong local adaptation. Here, we examined the magnitude and spatial distribution of genetic variation in M. lutarioriparius across its entire distributional range and tested underlying factors that shaped its genetic variation. Population genetic analyses were conducted on 644 individuals from 25 populations using 16 microsatellite markers. M. lutarioriparius exhibited a high level of genetic variation (HE=0.6820.786; Ar=4.748.06) and a low differentiation (FST=0.063; Dest=0.153). Of the total genetic variation, 10% was attributed to the differences among populations (df=24, P0.0001), whereas 90% was attributed to the differences among individuals (df=619, P0.0001). Genetic diversity did not differ significantly across longitudes and did not increase in the populations growing downstream of the Yangtze River. However, significant associations were found between genetic differentiation and spatial distance. Six genetic discontinuities were identified, which mostly distributed among downstream populations. We conclude that anthropogenic factors and landscape features both contributed to shaping the pattern of gene flow in M. lutarioriparius, including long-distance bidirectional dispersal. Our results explain the genetic basis of the high degree of adaptability in M. lutarioriparius and identify potential sources of new germplasm for the domestication of this potential second-generation energy crop.
分类: 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物细胞学与植物遗传学、植物形态学 提交时间: 2016-05-04
摘要: Brassica napus is one of the most important oil crops in the world, and stem rot caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum results in major losses in yield and quality. To elucidate resistance genes andpathogenesis-relatedgenes, genome-wide association analysis of 347 accessions was performed using the Illumina 60K Brassica SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) array. In addition, the detached stem inoculation assay was used to select five highly resistant (R) and susceptible (S) B.napus lines, 48h postinoculation with S.sclerotiorum for transcriptome sequencing. We identified 17 significant associations for stem resistance on chromosomes A8 and C6, five of which were on A8 and 12 on C6. The SNPs identified on A8 were located in a 409-kb haplotype block, and those on C6 were consistent with previous QTL mapping efforts. Transcriptome analysis suggested that S.sclerotiorum infection activates the immune system, sulphur metabolism, especially glutathione (GSH) and glucosinolates in both R and S genotypes. Genes found to be specific to the R genotype related to the jasmonic acid pathway, lignin biosynthesis, defence response, signal transduction and encoding transcription factors. Twenty-four genes were identified in both the SNP-trait association and transcriptome sequencing analyses, including a tau class glutathione S-transferase (GSTU) gene cluster. This study provides useful insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the plant's response to S.sclerotiorum.
分类: 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物细胞学与植物遗传学、植物形态学 提交时间: 2016-05-04
摘要: Eucalyptus are of tremendous economic importance being the most planted hardwoods worldwide for pulp and paper, timber and bioenergy. The recent release of the Eucalyptus grandis genome sequence pointed out many new candidate genes potentially involved in secondary growth, wood formation or lineage-specific biosynthetic pathways. Their functional characterization is, however, hindered by the tedious, time-consuming and inefficient transformation systems available hitherto for eucalypts. To overcome this limitation, we developed a fast, reliable and efficient protocol to obtain and easily detect co-transformed E. grandis hairy roots using fluorescent markers, with an average efficiency of 62%. We set up conditions both to cultivate excised roots in vitro and to harden composite plants and verified that hairy root morphology and vascular system anatomy were similar to wild-type ones. We further demonstrated that co-transformed hairy roots are suitable for medium-throughput functional studies enabling, for instance, protein subcellular localization, gene expression patterns through RT-qPCR and promoter expression, as well as the modulation of endogenous gene expression. Down-regulation of the Eucalyptus cinnamoyl-CoA reductase1 (EgCCR1) gene, encoding a key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis, led to transgenic roots with reduced lignin levels and thinner cell walls. This gene was used as a proof of concept to demonstrate that the function of genes involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis and wood formation can be elucidated in transgenic hairy roots using histochemical, tran
分类: 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物细胞学与植物遗传学、植物形态学 提交时间: 2016-05-04
摘要: Both insufficient and excessive male inflorescence size leads to a reduction in maize yield. Knowledge of the genetic architecture of male inflorescence is essential to achieve the optimum inflorescence size for maize breeding. In this study, we used approximately eight thousand inbreds, including both linkage populations and association populations, to dissect the genetic architecture of male inflorescence. The linkage populations include 25 families developed in the U.S. and 11 families developed in China. Each family contains approximately 200 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). The association populations include approximately 1000 diverse lines from the U.S. and China. All inbreds were genotyped by either sequencing or microarray. Inflorescence size was measured as the tassel primary branch number (TBN) and tassel length (TL). A total of 125 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified (63 for TBN, 62 for TL) through linkage analyses. In addition, 965 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) were identified through genomewide study (GWAS) at a bootstrap posterior probability (BPP) above a 5% threshold. These QTLs/QTNs include 24 known genes that were cloned using mutants, for example Ramosa3 (ra3), Thick tassel dwarf1 (td1), tasselseed2 (ts2), liguleless2 (lg2), ramosa1 (ra1), barren stalk1 (ba1), branch silkless1 (bd1) and tasselseed6 (ts6). The newly identified genes encode a zinc transporter (e.g. GRMZM5G838098 and GRMZM2G047762), the adapt in terminal region protein (e.g. GRMZM5G885628), O-methyl-transferase (e.g. GRMZM2G147491), helix-loop-helix (HLH) DNA-binding proteins (e.g. GRMZM2G414252 and GRMZM2G042895) and an SBP-box protein (e.g. GRMZM2G058588). These results provide extensive genetic information to dissect the genetic architecture of inflorescence size for the improvement of maize yield.
分类: 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物细胞学与植物遗传学、植物形态学 提交时间: 2016-05-04
摘要: Fe deficiency is a widespread nutritional disorder in plants. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs), especially Ib subgroup bHLH TFs which are involved in iron uptake, have been identified. In this study, an IVc subgroup bHLH TF MdbHLH104 was identified and characterized as a key component in the response to Fe deficiency in apple. The overexpression of the MdbHLH104 gene noticeably increased the H+-ATPase activity under iron limitation conditions and the tolerance to Fe deficiency in transgenic apple plants and calli. Further investigation showed that MdbHLH104 proteins bonded directly to the promoter of the MdAHA8 gene, thereby positively regulating its expression, the plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase activity and Fe uptake. Similarly, MdbHLH104 directly modulated the expression of three Fe-responsive bHLH genes, MdbHLH38, MdbHLH39 and MdPYE. In addition, MdbHLH104 interacted with 5 other IVc subgroup bHLH proteins to coregulate the expression of the MdAHA8 gene, the activity of PM H+-ATPase and the content of Fe in apple calli. Therefore, MdbHLH104 acts together with other apple bHLH TFs to regulate Fe uptake by modulating the expression of the MdAHA8 gene and the activity of PM H+-ATPase in apple.
分类: 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物学研究、实验与植物演化、发展 提交时间: 2016-05-04
摘要: Local haplotype patterns surrounding densely spaced DNA markers with significant trait associations can reveal information on selective sweeps and genome diversity associated with important crop traits. Relationships between haplotype and phenotype diversity, coupled with analysis of gene content in conserved haplotype blocks, can provide insight into coselection for nonrelated traits. We performed genome-wide analysis of haplotypes associated with the important physiological and agronomic traits leaf chlorophyll and seed glucosinolate content, respectively, in the major oilseed crop species Brassica napus. A locus on chromosome A01 showed opposite effects on leaf chlorophyll content and seed glucosinolate content, attributed to strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) between orthologues of the chlorophyll biosynthesis genes EARLY LIGHT-INDUCED PROTEIN and CHLOROPHYLL SYNTHASE, and the glucosinolate synthesis gene ATP SULFURYLASE 1. Another conserved haplotype block, on chromosome A02, contained a number of chlorophyll-related genes in LD with orthologues of the key glucosinolate biosynthesis genes METHYLTHIOALKYMALATE SYNTHASE-LIKE 1 and 3. Multigene haplogroups were found to have a significantly greater contribution to variation for chlorophyll content than haplotypes for any single gene, suggesting positive effects of additive locus accumulation. Detailed reanalysis of population substructure revealed a clade of ten related accessions exhibiting high leaf chlorophyll and low seed glucosinolate content. These accessions each carried one of the above-mentioned haplotypes from A01 or A02, generally in combination with further chlorophyll-associated haplotypes from chromosomes A05 and/or C05. The phenotypic rather than pleiotropic correlations between leaf chlorophyll content index and seed GSL suggest that LD may have led to inadvertent coselection for these two traits.
分类: 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物细胞学与植物遗传学、植物形态学 提交时间: 2016-05-04
摘要: APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) and heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) are two significant classes of transcription factor and molecular chaperone proteins which are known to be implicated under abiotic and biotic stresses. Comprehensive survey identified a total of 147 AP2/ERF genes in chickpea, 176 in pigeonpea, 131 in Medicago, 179 in common bean and 140 in Lotus, whereas the number of HSP90 genes ranged from 5 to 7 in five legumes. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses distinguished AP2, ERF, DREB, RAV and soloist proteins, while HSP90 proteins segregated on the basis of their cellular localization. Deeper insights into the gene structure allowed ERF proteins to be classified into AP2s based on DNA-binding domains, intron arrangements and phylogenetic grouping. RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses in heat-stressed chickpea as well as Fusarium wilt (FW)- and sterility mosaic disease (SMD)-stressed pigeonpea provided insights into the modus operandi of AP2/ERF and HSP90 genes. This study identified potential candidate genes in response to heat stress in chickpea while for FW and SMD stresses in pigeonpea. For instance, two DREB genes (Ca_02170 and Ca_16631) and three HSP90 genes (Ca_23016, Ca_09743 and Ca_25602) in chickpea can be targeted as potential candidate genes. Similarly, in pigeonpea, a HSP90 gene, C.cajan_27949, was highly responsive to SMD in the resistant genotype ICPL 20096, can be recommended for further functional validation. Also, two DREB genes, C.cajan_41905 and C.cajan_41951, were identified as leads for further investigation in response to FW stress in pigeonpea.
分类: 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物细胞学与植物遗传学、植物形态学 提交时间: 2016-05-04
摘要: The hyperaccumulating ecotype of Sedum alfredii Hance is a cadmium (Cd)/zinc/lead co-hyperaccumulating species of Crassulaceae. It is a promising phytoremediation candidate accumulating substantial heavy metal ions without obvious signs of poisoning. However, few studies have focused on the regulatory roles of miRNAs and their targets in the hyperaccumulating ecotype of S.alfredii. Here, we combined analyses of the transcriptomics, sRNAs and the degradome to generate a comprehensive resource focused on identifying key regulatory miRNA-target circuits under Cd stress. A total of 87721 unigenes and 356 miRNAs were identified by deep sequencing, and 79 miRNAs were differentially expressed under Cd stress. Furthermore, 754 target genes of 194 miRNAs were validated by degradome sequencing. A gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of differential miRNA targets revealed that auxin, redox-related secondary metabolism and metal transport pathways responded to Cd stress. An integrated analysis uncovered 39 pairs of miRNA targets that displayed negatively correlated expression profiles. Ten miRNA-target pairs also exhibited negative correlations according to a real-time quantitative PCR analysis. Moreover, a coexpression regulatory network was constructed based on profiles of differentially expressed genes. Two hub genes, ARF4 (auxin response factor 4) and AAP3 (amino acid permease 3), which might play central roles in the regulation of Cd-responsive genes, were uncovered. These results suggest that comprehensive analyses of the transcriptomics, sRNAs and the degradome provided a useful platform for investigating Cd hyperaccumulation in S.alfredii, and may provide new insights into the genetic engineering of phytoremediation.
分类: 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物细胞学与植物遗传学、植物形态学 提交时间: 2016-05-04
摘要: Hierarchical shotgun sequencing remains the method of choice for assembling high-quality reference sequences of complex plant genomes. The efficient exploitation of current high-throughput technologies and powerful computational facilities for large-insert clone sequencing necessitates the sequencing and assembly of a large number of clones in parallel. We developed a multiplexed pipeline for shotgun sequencing and assembling individual bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) using the Illumina sequencing platform. We illustrate our approach by sequencing 668 barley BACs (Hordeum vulgare L.) in a single Illumina HiSeq 2000 lane. Using a newly designed parallelized computational pipeline, we obtained sequence assemblies of individual BACs that consist, on average, of eight sequence scaffolds and represent >98% of the genomic inserts. Our BAC assemblies are clearly superior to a whole-genome shotgun assembly regarding contiguity, completeness and the representation of the gene space. Our methods may be employed to rapidly obtain high-quality assemblies of a large number of clones to assemble map-based reference sequences of plant and animal species with complex genomes by sequencing along a minimum tiling path.