分类： 心理学 >> 生理心理学 提交时间： 2020-11-30
摘要： 当面对不愉快的提醒时, 人们通常会试图阻止那些不想要的记忆出现在脑海中。先前的研究表明, 抑制不想要的记忆的检索会降低这些记忆的可及性, 引起遗忘, 这一效应称为抑制引起的遗忘(suppression-induced forgetting, SIF)。SIF的神经机制涉及右背外侧前额叶皮层和额中回的激活增加, 以及海马的激活受到抑制。SIF的程度受记忆材料的情绪效价、个体的病理性情绪状态和训练的影响。未来研究应在深入了解SIF神经机制的基础上, 考虑如何提高临床病理性记忆的SIF效果, 以达到治疗目的。
分类： 图书馆学、情报学 >> 情报资料的处理 分类： 信息科学与系统科学 >> 信息与系统科学其他学科 提交时间： 2020-11-30
摘要： 疾病诊断相关分组（Diagnosis Related Groups，DRG/DRGs）是一种先进的医疗支付方式，有助于医保费用的合理控制和提升医院服务管理。随着中国医疗改革的深入，DRG开始全面实施，日益重要。本文统计分析了DRG相关技术的主体、类型、时间、受理组织等专利信息，概述了涉及DRG编码的信息处理、医院管理决策支持、绩效管理和医疗收费的专利技术发展情况，对DRG的研发和实施具有现实意义。
分类： 心理学 >> 认知心理学 提交时间： 2020-11-30
摘要： 如何揭示情绪性面孔加工的认知神经机制一直是心理学和社会神经科学的热点课题。以往研究主要采用单独面孔表情作为情绪诱发或呈现方式，但对群体情绪知觉与体验的关注极其缺乏，而群体面孔表情作为群体情绪的主要表达方式，亟待深入关注。因此，本项目将采用群体面孔(面孔群)表情作为群体情绪刺激，拟通过事件相关电位(ERP)、核磁共振(fMRI)以及经颅磁刺激(TMS)等技术结合行为研究，尝试从情绪信息（效价和强度）、朝向信息（正面、侧面、倒置）、完整性（局部呈现、完整呈现）、空间频率信息（完整、高频、低频）等方面探明群体面孔表情加工的时间动态特征和大脑激活模式。这将有助于全面认识和深入了解群体情绪识别的一般规律，对于更好地优化社会互动也具有现实意义。
分类： 心理学 >> 认知心理学 提交时间： 2020-11-30
摘要： 主动控制感是人们与环境交互过程中产生的控制自己动作并借此控制外界事物的体验，它可以延伸到社会交互中其他主体的动作及其动作引起的结果上。大量社会交互背景下的研究表明，主动控制感受到旁观、竞争、合作和层级式交互等社会交互情境的影响。相关的神经机制研究表明大脑的额-顶网络，包括初级运动皮层、角回、脑岛、颞顶联合区、内侧前额叶皮层、楔前叶等脑区对于社会交互中的主动控制感具有重要作用。未来研究需要进一步探索社会交互情境影响主动控制感的认知和神经机制，考察多模态刺激对社会交互中主动控制感的影响，并关注社会交互中主动控制感对认知过程和行为反应的调节作用。
分类： 心理学 >> 临床与咨询心理学 提交时间： 2020-11-28
摘要： 语言使用模式能反映心理状态和精神病理学特征。抑郁症患者与健康人群的语言使用模式存在差异，识别抑郁症患者的语言使用模式有助于抑郁症的预测和诊断。传统的心理学研究和基于社交媒体的研究均表明，抑郁症患者更多地使用第一人称单数代词和消极情绪词，更少地使用第一人称复数代词和积极情绪词。基于社交媒体的研究进一步发现了一些抑郁个体日常生活中的其他语言标志。建议未来的研究进一步确认更具抑郁特异性的语言标志，并进一步探索语言标志与抑郁症状间的理论联系。
分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 提交时间： 2020-11-27
摘要： 真实自我反映了个体行为与其价值观、信仰、需求等内在状态的一致性程度，分为特质真实与状态真实。在辨析了真实自我与自我认知、自我概念清晰性、自我一致性、正直、真诚等相关概念的异同，并梳理该领域已有理论后，提出真实自我表现或实现的文化差异，即西方文化中的真实自我是自主动机驱动的，而东方文化中的真实自我是关系要求驱动的。未来可以将“关系化”作为现象场，以儒家传统思想为理智资源，从理论建构、社会现象(新兴网络社交平台、社会变迁)，以及结合具体的研究方法(如跨文化比较、突显情境变化的方法)等方面开展研究。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2020-11-27 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 大豆RLPK2 基因（GenBank 登录号: AY687391）是一个编码N-末端富含亮氨酸重复序列的类受体蛋白激酶基因。为分析大豆RLPK2 基因的功能，通过农杆菌介导法转化野生型拟南芥，构建了大豆RLPK2 基因过表达载体。该研究以野生型拟南芥和大豆RLPK2 基因过表达拟南芥植株为材料，分析了叶片衰老过程中叶绿素荧光参数、抗氧化酶活性及衰老相关基因表达量的变化。结果表明：（1）无论是野生型还是转基因拟南芥，随着叶片衰老进程的进行，光系统II（PSII）的最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、PSII 实际光化学效率（ΦPSII）、光化学淬灭系数（qP）和光合电子传递速率（ETR）均呈下降趋势，但后者下降趋势更明显；（2） 激发压（1-qP）在叶片衰老前期的变化较为平稳，后期则急剧增加，且转基因型比野生型拟南芥增加更明显；（3）在叶片衰老的各个时期，转基因拟南芥叶片丙二醛（MDA）含量均显著高于野生型，而超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均显著低于野生型；（4）实时荧光定量PCR 检测结果表明，RLPK2 转基因拟南芥中衰老标志基因ATSAG12，衰老关键转录因子ATNAP、ATWRKY6 和叶绿素降解关键酶编码基因ATACD1 等表达量显著上调。综上所述，大豆类受体蛋白激酶基因RLPK2 参与调控植物叶片衰老进程，其表达对叶片衰老起促进作用。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2020-11-27 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 为解决大花蕙兰园艺品种‘黄金小神童’（Cymbidium Golden Elf ‘Sundust’）人工繁育周期长、系数低等问题，该研究以其侧芽茎尖为外植体，在1/2MS + 1.0 mg·L-1 NAA + 50 g·L-1 香蕉泥+ 15 g·L-1 蔗糖中培养60 d 后，以获得的愈伤组织与原球茎混合物为材料，通过L9 (3)4 正交与完全组合实验研究不同因素及组合对‘黄金小神童’胚性愈伤组织和原球茎发生及增殖的影响，进而建立‘黄金小神童’高效、稳定的丛芽增殖和植株再生体系。结果表明：在MS + 2.0 mg·L-1 6-BA+ 150 mL·L-1 椰汁+ 20 g·L-1 蔗糖中，培养70 d后增殖系数达8.13，同时可获得桑葚状原球茎团。原球茎团在MS + 1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA+ 1.0 mg·L-1 NAA 中培养70 d 后，原球茎发育为幼芽，丛芽发生系数可达5.36；此时，将由原球茎诱导得到的簇状丛芽转接至MS +1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA + 1.0 mg·L-1 NAA中，以“芽繁芽”方式增殖，其增殖系数亦达4.28，此时可建立起稳定的增殖体系。无菌苗生根则在MS + 1.0 mg·L-1 NAA + 150 g·L-1香蕉中进行，培养60 d可得到具4~7片真叶、高度为8~10 cm的健壮生根苗，生根率达96.5%；再生苗经露苗后移栽到松树皮和山基土体积比为3:2的基质中，成活率可达85%以上。该研究通过愈伤组织与原球茎-胚性愈伤组织与原球茎-原球茎-丛芽-再生植株途径最终建立了黄金小神童高效、稳定的丛芽快速繁殖体系，为进一步开展其人工繁育和遗传转化提供实验依据，同时也可为兰科其他物种的无性快速繁殖提供参考。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2020-11-27 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 为探究荞麦新品种的营养保健价值，该文对自交可育甜荞、金苦荞、米苦荞共56个不同品系荞麦种子的粗蛋白、总黄酮、蛋白组分含量及其果实性状的变异进行了研究。结果表明：甜荞、金苦荞、米苦荞种子中粗蛋白含量平均值分别为13.19%、15.44%、11.75%，总黄酮含量平均值分别为0.14%、2.50%、2.09%，清蛋白含量的平均值分别为5.22%、6.13%、4.56%，球蛋白含量的平均值分别为1.29%、1.15%、0.91%，醇溶蛋白含量的平均值分别为0.42%、0.58%、0.55%，谷蛋白含量的平均值分别为2.66%、3.36%、2.80%，三种荞麦的蛋白组分均符合清蛋白>谷蛋白>球蛋白>醇溶蛋白。果实性状中，甜荞果实千粒重、果实面积、果实直径的变异系数最大，米苦荞果实周长、果实长宽比、果实长、果实宽和50 mL 容重的变异系数最大。相关分析表明：甜荞种子粗蛋白含量与果实长宽比、果实长，金苦荞种子粗蛋白含量与果实周长、果实长，米苦荞种子粗蛋白含量与果实宽、总黄酮含量与果实面积、果实宽、果实直径、50 mL 容重的相关性均达到了显著或极显著水平。该研究筛选出甜荞（1808-166 贵甜2 号优系）、金苦荞（多苦74、多苦78）、米苦荞（1906-136 黑米荞麦、43-2）等高蛋白含量或高黄酮含量的荞麦品系。上述结果对荞麦优良品种的选育和荞麦新产品的开发具有一定的指导意义。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2020-11-27 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 为探讨澳洲茶树组培苗耐受低温的能力及对低温胁迫的响应机制，该文测定了3月龄澳洲茶树组培苗低温处理过程及恢复培养后叶片叶绿素(Chl)、丙二醛(MDA)、抗氧化物酶(SOD, POD, CAT)、抗坏血酸(AsA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)的变化。结果表明：(1)-5 ℃胁迫24 h，保护酶及抗氧化物质含量均显著下降，MDA含量显著上升。(2)0℃下，AsA和GSH先降后升，POD和CAT相反，SOD持续升高；胁迫48 h后保护酶活性显著升高，抗氧化剂含量显著降低。(3)10 ℃下，SOD活性先降后升；胁迫48 h后，渗透调节物质含量均显著升高。因此，3月龄澳洲茶树组培苗在-5 ℃受到致死冻害，幼苗能通过启动抗氧化系统及快速积累渗透调节物质响应0 ℃以上低温胁迫，但对10 ℃和0 ℃两种低温胁迫的应答机制却存在一定的差异。该研究结果将有助于深入了解其对低温的耐受能力及生理响应机制，为合理引种及规模化种植提供理论依据。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2020-11-27 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 近年来的分子系统学把狭义萝藦科和狭义夹竹桃科合并为广义夹竹桃科，包括5 个亚科和25 个族，但亚科和族间的亲缘关系较为复杂，亟待多学科证据澄清。本文利用常规石蜡切片技术观察了马利筋亚科南山藤属中的中国特有植物苦绳（Dregea sinensis Hemsl. var. Sinensis）的大小孢子发生和雌雄配子体发育，结合已有资料比较了5 个亚科的胚胎学特征，结果表明：（1）苦绳的花药由一对侧生并列药室组成，每个药室有一个花粉团；（2）花药壁有6 层，由外至内分别为表皮、2 层药室内壁、中层和2层绒毡层，花药壁发育模式属于多层型；（3）单核绒毡层细胞排成2 列，为腺质型；在小孢子四分体形成时期，药室内壁发生明显纤维状加厚；花药成熟时，位于药室远轴最外侧处的花药壁发生断裂，准备散粉；（4）小孢子母细胞减数分裂胞质分裂为连续型，小孢子四分体排列方式为左右对称型；成熟花粉粒为3-细胞型，排列紧密，形成花粉团；（5）雌蕊含有两枚离生心皮，具边缘胎座，胚珠倒生，单珠被，薄珠心，蓼型胚囊。苦绳的大小孢子发生和雌雄配子体的发育特征补充了南山藤属的胚胎学资料。同时，胚胎学特征在5 个亚科间的区别和联系，支持广义夹竹桃科的确立。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2020-11-27 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 该研究对采自于我国的200 余份赤星衣属(Haematomma)地衣标本利用形态学、化学、生态学等特征进行了综合研究，发现赤星衣属一新种和一中国新记录种。新种为砖壁赤星衣(Haematomma muriformis)，主要特征为子囊盘红色，孢子砖壁型，较宽(75~87.5×12.5~20 μm)，所含化学物质为atranorin、haematommone 和arthothelin。中国新记录种为马托赤星衣(Haematomma matogrossense)。该文对新种和中国新记录种进行了详细的特征描述，提供了形态和解剖照片，同时提供了已知中国赤星衣属地衣物种的检索表。该研究充实了赤星衣属地衣的数据信息资源库，为《中国地衣志》的编写提供了基础资料。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2020-11-27 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 根压是植物根部产生的一种静水压力，广泛存在于多种植物中。在蒸腾作用很弱的情况下，根压不仅驱动水分从根部流向冠层叶片，缓解因白天强烈蒸腾而导致的水分亏缺，而且在木质部导管栓塞修复方面发挥重要作用。虽然国内外学者对根压的产生已有一些解释，普遍接受的观点有渗透理论、代谢理论和水分向上共同运输假说等，但根压产生的机制至今仍是科学家争议的焦点之一。根压的测定方法虽有直接和间接测定、有损伤和无损伤测定之分，但较为先进的根压测定技术仍需进一步改善和提升。受水通道蛋白、遗传因素、生境等因素的影响，根压的大小存在差异，即使是较低的根压也会影响农作物生长。在促进转运蛋白质、酶、氨基酸、激素及钙元素等在农作物木质部和韧皮部之间流通方面，适当大小的根压发挥重要作用，且有助于提高农作物产量。虽然当前国内外学者对植物根压已有一些相关研究，但是仍缺乏对根压进行系统全面梳理。因此，加深对植物根压的认识和理解具有重要的生物学意义。该文从根压的定义和产生机制、具有根压的植物类群、根压的测定方法和大小、影响根压的主要因素及根压在植物科学研究领域的意义和影响等多个方面分别进行了归纳总结，并结合当前研究热点和研究成果，针对植物根压研究过程中遇到的问题和后续研究趋势及方向进行了展望。
分类： 心理学 >> 发展心理学 分类： 心理学 >> 教育心理学 提交时间： 2020-11-26
摘要： 从生命历程的角度看，学校过渡是青少年成长过程中的重要发展转折点，对个体的发展轨迹具有重要影响。先前研究多基于缺陷的视角，将学校过渡视为充满挑战和风险的时期，并发现青少年在这一时期伴随着各种消极的发展结果。但从青少年积极发展的视角来看，学校过渡可能是青少年获得适应性的、健康发展的重要机遇，也是发展可塑性表现最为充分的时期。如果青少年的内部和外部资源能够很好的融合，他们就有可能获得积极的学校过渡。
分类： 心理学 >> 管理心理学 提交时间： 2020-11-26
摘要： 工作场所不文明行为与职场排斥间的螺旋效应模型可用道德排除理论和情感事件理论解释。根据道德排除理论遭受工作场所不文明行为会导致受害者与实施者心理距离增加，进而对实施者实施职场排斥；从旁观者视角来看，目睹工作场所不文明行为会影响旁观者的道义公正感和互动公平感进而表现出对实施者的职场排斥，且该中介过程受到利他性的调节。同样，基于情感事件理论，遭受职场排斥会导致职场排斥受害者的消极情绪水平增加促使其成为工作场所不文明行为的实施者。
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2020-11-25 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： The seif dune field over the gravel desert surface in the eastern margin of the Kumtagh Desert is a valuable experimental site for the observation of dune formation and dynamics. We used high-resolution remote sensing and station observation approaches, combined with wind and grain size data, to study the characteristics of the aeolian environment and the morphologies of and dynamic changes in seif dunes. We observed the ratio of the resultant drift potential (RDP) to the drift potential (DP), which was 0.37, associated with an obtuse bimodal wind regime. The drift potentials in the west-northwest (WNW) and east-northeast (ENE) directions were dominant, and the angle between the two primary DP directions was 135.00°. The dune orientations ranged from 168.75°–213.75°, which were parallel to the resultant drift direction (186.15°). The dune lengths ranged from 51.68 to 1932.11 m with a mean value of 344.91 m. The spacings of the dunes ranged from 32.34 to 319.77 m with a mean value of 93.39 m. The mean grain size of the sediments became finer, and the sorting became better from upwind tail to downwind tip, which indicated that the sediment of the seif dunes in the study region may be transported from northward to southward. The rate of increase in the length, the mean longitudinal migration rate of the dune tail, and the mean longitudinal extension rate of the dune tip (also called elongation rate) were 4.93, 4.63, and 9.55 m/a, respectively. The mean lateral migration vector of the seif dunes was approximately 0.11 m/a towards the west (–0.11 m/a), while the mean amplitude of lateral migration was 0.53 m/a, ignoring the direction of lateral migration. We found that the seif dune field formed first beside seasonal rivers, which can provide sediment, and then expanded downwind.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2020-11-25 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Soil erosion in the Three-River Headwaters Region (TRHR) of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China has a significant impact on local economic development and ecological environment. Vegetation and precipitation are considered to be the main factors for the variation in soil erosion. However, it is a big challenge to analyze the impacts of precipitation and vegetation respectively as well as their combined effects on soil erosion from the pixel scale. To assess the influences of vegetation and precipitation on the variation of soil erosion from 2005 to 2015, we employed the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model to evaluate soil erosion in the TRHR, and then developed a method using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index model (LMDI) which can exponentially decompose the influencing factors, to calculate the contribution values of the vegetation cover factor (C factor) and the rainfall erosivity factor (R factor) to the variation of soil erosion from the pixel scale. In general, soil erosion in the TRHR was alleviated from 2005 to 2015, of which about 54.95% of the area where soil erosion decreased was caused by the combined effects of the C factor and the R factor, and 41.31% was caused by the change in the R factor. There were relatively few areas with increased soil erosion modulus, of which 64.10% of the area where soil erosion increased was caused by the change in the C factor, and 23.88% was caused by the combined effects of the C factor and the R factor. Therefore, the combined effects of the C factor and the R factor were regarded as the main driving force for the decrease of soil erosion, while the C factor was the dominant factor for the increase of soil erosion. The area with decreased soil erosion caused by the C factor (12.10×103 km2) was larger than the area with increased soil erosion caused by the C factor (8.30×103 km2), which indicated that vegetation had a positive effect on soil erosion. This study generally put forward a new method for quantitative assessment of the impacts of the influencing factors on soil erosion, and also provided a scientific basis for the regional control of soil erosion.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2020-11-25 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Global warming is one of the most complicated challenges of our time causing considerable tension on our societies and on the environment. The impacts of global warming are felt unprecedentedly in a wide variety of ways from shifting weather patterns that threatens food production, to rising sea levels that deteriorates the risk of catastrophic flooding. Among all aspects related to global warming, there is a growing concern on water resource management. This field is targeted at preventing future water crisis threatening human beings. The very first stage in such management is to recognize the prospective climate parameters influencing the future water resource conditions. Numerous prediction models, methods and tools, in this case, have been developed and applied so far. In line with trend, the current study intends to compare three optimization algorithms on the platform of a multilayer perceptron (MLP) network to explore any meaningful connection between large-scale climate indices (LSCIs) and precipitation in the capital of Iran, a country which is located in an arid and semi-arid region and suffers from severe water scarcity caused by mismanagement over years and intensified by global warming. This situation has propelled a great deal of population to immigrate towards more developed cities within the country especially towards Tehran. Therefore, the current and future environmental conditions of this city especially its water supply conditions are of great importance. To tackle this complication an outlook for the future precipitation should be provided and appropriate forecasting trajectories compatible with this region's characteristics should be developed. To this end, the present study investigates three training methods namely backpropagation (BP), genetic algorithms (GAs), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms on a MLP platform. Two frameworks distinguished by their input compositions are denoted in this study: Concurrent Model Framework (CMF) and Integrated Model Framework (IMF). Through these two frameworks, 13 cases are generated: 12 cases within CMF, each of which contains all selected LSCIs in the same lead-times, and one case within IMF that is constituted from the combination of the most correlated LSCIs with Tehran precipitation in each lead-time. Following the evaluation of all model performances through related statistical tests, Taylor diagram is implemented to make comparison among the final selected models in all three optimization algorithms, the best of which is found to be MLP-PSO in IMF.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2020-11-25 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： There are eight provinces and autonomous regions (Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Shanxi Province, and Shaanxi Province) in Northwest China, most areas of which are located in arid and semi-arid regions (northwest of the 400 mm precipitation line), accounting for 58.74% of the country's land area and sustaining approximately 7.84×106 people. Because of drought conditions and fragile ecology, these regions cannot develop agriculture at the expense of the environment. Given the challenges of global warming, the green total factor productivity (GTFP), taking CO2 emissions as an undesirable output, is an effective index for measuring the sustainability of agricultural development. Agricultural GTFP can be influenced by both internal production factors (labor force, machinery, land, agricultural plastic film, diesel, pesticide, and fertilizer) and external climate factors (temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration). In this study, we used the Super-slacks-based measure (Super-SBM) model to measure agricultural GTFP during the period 2000–2016 at the regional level. Our results show that the average agricultural GTFP of most provinces and autonomous regions in arid and semi-arid regions underwent a fluctuating increase during the study period (2000–2016), and the fluctuation was caused by the production factors (input and output factors). To improve agricultural GTFP, Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Gansu should reduce agricultural labor force input; Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Shanxi should decrease machinery input; Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Shanxi should reduce fertilizer input; Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Gansu, and Ningxia should reduce diesel input; Xinjiang and Gansu should decrease plastic film input; and Gansu, Shanxi, and Inner Mongolia should cut pesticide input. Desirable output agricultural earnings should be increased in Qinghai and Tibet, and undesirable output (CO2 emissions) should be reduced in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Gansu, and Shaanxi. Agricultural GTFP is influenced not only by internal production factors but also by external climate factors. To determine the influence of climate factors on GTFP in these provinces and autonomous regions, we used a Geographical Detector (Geodetector) model to analyze the influence of climate factors (temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration) and identify the relationships between different climate factors and GTFP. We found that temperature played a significant role in the spatial heterogeneity of GTFP among provinces and autonomous regions in arid and semi-arid regions. For Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Tibet, a suitable average annual temperature would be in the range of 7°C–9°C; for Gansu, Shanxi, and Ningxia, it would be 11°C–13°C; and for Shaanxi, it would be 15°C–17°C. Stable climatic conditions and more efficient production are prerequisites for the development of sustainable agriculture. Hence, in the agricultural production process, reducing the redundancy of input factors is the best way to reduce CO2 emissions and to maintain temperatures, thereby improving the agricultural GTFP. The significance of this study is that it explores the impact of both internal production factors and external climatic factors on the development of sustainable agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions, identifying an effective way forward for the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2020-11-25 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： To combat the problem of residual film pollution and ensure the sustainable development of agriculture in oasis areas, a field experiment was carried out in 2019 at the Wuyi Farm Corps Irrigation Center Test Station in Urumqi, Northwest China. Four types of biodegradable mulches, traditional plastic mulchs and a control group (bare land; referred to as CK) were compared, including a total of six different treatments. Effects of mulching on soil water and heat conditions as well as the yield and quality of processing tomatoes under drip irrigation were examined. In addition, a comparative analysis of economic benefits of biodegradable mulches was performed. Principal component analysis and gray correlation analysis were used to evaluate suitable mulching varieties for planting processing tomatoes under drip irrigation. Our results show that, compared with CK, biodegradable mulches and traditional plastic mulch have a similar effect on retaining soil moisture at the seedling stage but significantly increase soil moisture by 0.5%–1.5% and 1.5%–3.0% in the middle and late growth periods (P<0.050), respectively. The difference in the thermal insulation effect between biodegradable mulch and plastic mulch gradually reduces as the crop grows. Compared with plastic mulch, the average soil temperature at 5–20 cm depth under biodegradable mulches is significantly lowered by 2.04°C–3.52°C and 0.52°C–0.88°C (P<0.050) at the seedling stage and the full growth period, respectively, and the water use efficiency, average fruit yield, and production-investment ratio under biodegradable mulches were reduced by 0.89%–6.63%, 3.39%–8.69%, and 0.51%–6.33% (P<0.050), respectively. The comprehensive evaluation analysis suggests that the black oxidized biological double-degradation ecological mulch made from eco-benign plastic is the optimal film type under the study condition. Therefore, from the perspective of sustainable development, biodegradable mulch is a competitive alternative to plastic mulch for large-scale tomato production under drip irrigation in the oasis.
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