分类： 环境科学技术及资源科学技术 >> 环境科学技术基础学科 提交时间： 2023-12-20 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Globally, groundwater contamination by nitrate is one of the most widespread environmental problems, particularly in arid and semiarid areas, which are characterized by low amounts of rainfall and groundwater recharge. The stable isotope composition of groundwater (2H-H2O and 18O-H2O) and dissolved nitrate (15N-NO3 and 18O-NO3) and factor analysis (FA) were applied to explore groundwater provenance, pollution, and chemistry evolution in the northwestern part of the Amman-Al Zarqa Basin, Jordan. In this study, we collected 23 samples from the Lower Ajloun aquifer in 2021, including 1 sample from a groundwater well and 22 samples from springs. These samples were tested for electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, the concentration of major ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3, Cl, SO42, and NO3), and the stable isotope composition of groundwater and dissolved nitrate. The results revealed that groundwater in the study area is mainly CaMgHCO3 type and can be classified as fresh water, hard water, and very hard water. The range and average concentration of NO3 were 3.5230.8 and 50.9 mg/L, respectively. Approximately 33% of the sampling points showed NO3 levels above the maximum allowable concentration of 50.0 mg/L set by the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water quality. The values of 18O-H2O and 2H-H2O showed that groundwater in the study area is part of the current water cycle, originating in the Mediterranean Sea, with significant evaporation, orographic, and amount effects. The values of the stable isotope composition of NO3 corresponded to 15N-NO3 and 18O-NO3 values produced by the nitrification process of manure or septic waste and soil NH4+. The FA performed on the hydrochemical parameters and isotope data resulted in three main factors, with Factor 1, Factor 2, and Factor 3, accounting for 50%, 21%, and 11% of the total variance, respectively. Factor 1 was considered human-induced factor, named pollution factor, whereas Factor 2, named conservative fingerprint factor, and Factor 3, named hardness factor, were considered natural factors. This study will help local researchers manage groundwater sustainably in the study area and other similar arid and semiarid areas in the world.
分类： 环境科学技术及资源科学技术 >> 环境科学技术基础学科 提交时间： 2023-11-13 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Global ecosystems and public health have been greatly impacted by the accumulation of heavy metal(loid)s in water. Source-specific risk apportionment is needed to prevent and manage potential groundwater contamination with heavy metal(loid)s. The heavy metal(loid)s contamination status, water quality, ecological risk, and health risk apportionment of the Shule River Basin groundwater are poorly understood. Therefore, field sampling was performed to explore the water quality and risk of heavy metal(loid)s in the groundwater of the Shule River Basin in northwestern China. A total of 96 samples were collected from the study area to acquire data for water quality and heavy metal(loid)s risk. There was noticeable accumulation of ferrum in the groundwater of the Shule River Basin. The levels of pollution were considered to be moderately low, as evaluated by the degree of contamination, heavy metal evaluation index, heavy metal pollution index, and Nemerow pollution index. The ecological risks were also low. However, an assessment of the water quality index revealed that only 58.34% of the groundwater samples had good water quality. The absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression model was more suited for this study area than the positive matrix factorization model. There were no obvious noncarcinogenic or carcinogenic concerns for all types of receptors according to the values of the total hazard index and total carcinogenic risk. The human activities and the initial geological environment factor (65.85%) was the major source of noncarcinogenic risk (residential children: 87.56%; residential adults: 87.52%; recreational children: 86.77%; and recreational adults: 85.42%), while the industrial activity factor (16.36%) was the major source of carcinogenic risk (residential receptors: 87.96%; and recreational receptors: 68.73%). These findings provide fundamental and crucial information for reducing the health issues caused by heavy metal(loid)s contamination of groundwater in arid areas.
分类： 环境科学技术及资源科学技术 >> 环境科学技术基础学科 提交时间： 2023-10-17 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Determining the distributions and sources of heavy metals in soils and assessing ecological risks are fundamental tasks in the control and management of pollution in mining areas. In this study, we selected 244 sampling sites around a typical lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) mining area in eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China and measured the content of six heavy metals, including cuprum (Cu), Zn, Pb, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr). The ecological risk of heavy metals was comprehensively evaluated using the Geo-accumulation index, Nemerow general pollution index, and potential ecological risk index. The heavy metals were traced using correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that the highest content of heavy metals was found in 05 cm soil layer in the study area. The average content of Zn, As, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Cd was 670, 424, 235, 162, 94, and 4 mg/kg, respectively, all exceeding the risk screening value of agricultural soil in China. The areas with high content of soil heavy metals were mainly distributed near the tailings pond. The study area was affected by a combination of multiple heavy metals, with Cd and As reaching severe pollution levels. The three pathways of exposure for carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks were ranked as inhalation>oral ingestion>dermal absorption. The heavy metals in the study area posed certain hazards to human health. Specifically, oral ingestion of these heavy metals carried carcinogenic risks for both children and adults, as well as noncarcinogenic risks for children. There were differences in the sources of different heavy metals. The tailings pond had a large impact on the accumulation of Cd, Zn, and Pb. The source of Cr was the soil parent material, the source of As was mainly the soil matrix, and the source of Cu was mainly the nearby Cu ore. The purpose of this study is to more accurately understand the extent, scope, and source of heavy metals pollution near a typical mining area, providing effective help to solve the problem of heavy metals pollution.
分类： 环境科学技术及资源科学技术 >> 环境科学技术基础学科 提交时间： 2023-08-23 合作期刊: 《中国科学院院刊》
摘要： 城市空间结构是城市可持续发展治理及规划的重要抓手。如何科学认识新时期城市空间结构是深化城 市认知并进行人与自然和谐调控的基础。文章简要回顾传统城市空间结构理论的时代背景，通过对新时期技 术革命、政策和社会经济环境的分析，指出城市空间结构在组织原则、组织方式、优化目标及要素成分方面 的变革性转向，阐明传统理论用于解释新时代城市治理的局限性。提出从人地地域系统理论出发重构城市空 间结构研究范式、重新认识城市空间结构载体空间、强化城市空间结构关系解析，以及革新城市空间结构测 度体系等新时代认识路径。未来应对城市空间结构认知方面挑战的关键举措，即重构城市空间结构理论、集 成城市空间结构解析关键技术、融合应用多源数据、建设城市空间结构优化调控的数字孪生平台。
分类： 环境科学技术及资源科学技术 >> 环境科学技术基础学科 提交时间： 2023-08-23 合作期刊: 《中国科学院院刊》
摘要： 矿产资源是经济社会发展的重要物质基础，不合理开采、利用、消费不仅会影响产业链和供应链的安 全，而且会对生态环境造成严重污染。新一轮科技革命和碳中和战略正在重塑全球创新版图和技术格局，伴 随着我国经济社会发展进入后疫情阶段，战略性金属的供需结构正发生深刻变化。一方面，其产业链和供应 链面临的安全挑战从传统的资源产品获取能否得到保障，蔓延至开采、加工、应用、循环利用等全产业链 条。另一方面，我国固体废物产生量迅速增长，但其作为二次金属的循环利用率仍然不高，这将导致大量资 源损失。面向未来，国家（政府） 应尽快建立二次金属的资源量和储量精细分类分级管理体系，健全二次金 属的收集和资源化体系，促进制订资源高效利用制度及标准，保障国内战略性金属的高效内循环及自给自 足，彻底摆脱战略性金属受制于人的局面。
分类： 环境科学技术及资源科学技术 >> 环境科学技术基础学科 提交时间： 2023-08-07
摘要： 有机碳埋藏作用是碳循环过程的重要环节，但迄今关于珊瑚礁沉积物中有机碳的研究却很少，影响着对珊瑚礁碳循环的准确评估。本文以南海西沙群岛永乐环礁礁外坡的现代表层沉积物为材料，分析了其总有机碳(total organic carbon, TOC)含量、总氮(total nitrogen, TN)含量、有机碳同位素(13C)值以及沉积物粒度、叶绿素含量等指标。永乐环礁礁外坡的生态状况相对较好，具有代表健康珊瑚礁生态系统沉积物中有机碳特征的潜力。结果表明：1）永乐环礁礁外坡沉积物中的TOC含量在0.71~1.66mgg-1之间，平均为1.230.31mgg-1；TN含量在0.12~0.28mgg-1之间，平均为0.200.05mgg-1。2）C/N比值在6.16~7.59之间，平均为6.750.34；13C值在-17.49~-15.85之间，平均为-16.610.49，表明沉积物中的有机碳以海洋自生来源为主，且主要来自底栖植物。3）有机碳含量与水深负相关，与叶绿素a含量和脱镁叶绿素含量正相关，表明底栖植物控制的初级生产力是礁外坡有机碳含量的主要来源。结合该区表层沉积物近3500年的平均沉积速率(1.27mma-1)，推测永乐环礁礁外坡有机碳埋藏通量介于1.12~2.61gm-2a-1之间，平均为1.930.49gm-2a-1。本研究为评估南海珊瑚礁对碳循环的贡献提供了新的信息。
分类： 环境科学技术及资源科学技术 >> 环境科学技术基础学科 提交时间： 2023-08-05
摘要： 快速预测和评估海啸是预防海洋灾害工作中的重要部分，对于海洋工程和人民生命财产安全具有重要意义。本文以一维卷积神经网络(1-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network, CONV1D)为基础,构建岛礁地形的类海啸波水动力特性演变模型。通过输入类海啸波波高时程曲线的观测值，得到岛礁指定地点的水位淹没时程曲线，实现时间序列到时间序列的预测，达到预防海洋灾害的目的。结果显示，对类海啸波到达时间预测的平均误差为0.71%，最大水位高度预测的平均误差为6.99%，CONV1D得到的岛礁地形类海啸波水动力特性与数值结果吻合较好。
分类： 环境科学技术及资源科学技术 >> 环境科学技术基础学科 提交时间： 2022-12-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Atmospheric particle pollution is one of the major factors leading to degradation of ancient wall paintings, particularly heritage sites in arid and semi-arid regions. However, current systematic research on the changes, sources, and influential factors of atmospheric particulate matter and its water-soluble ion concentrations is not sufficient. Thus, the major water-soluble ion concentrations, sources, and influential factors of atmospheric particles PM2.5 and PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter ≤2.5 and 10.0 μm, respectively, in ambient air) were collected from Cave 16 and its ambient exterior environment in the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, China, between April 2015 and March 2016. Results showed that the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 inside and outside the cave were the highest in March 2016 and the lowest in December 2015. The higher particle concentration from March to May was related to the frequent occurrence of sand and dust events, and the lower particle concentration from June to September was associated with good diffusion conditions, increased precipitation, and an established cave shelterbelt. The concentration of particulate matter inside the cave was affected by the concentration of particles in the air outside the cave. Ca2+, NH+ 4, Na+, Cl–, and SO2– 4were the main components of the total ions of PM2.5 and PM10 both inside and outside the cave. The total ions inside the cave were frequently affected by the disturbance of tourists' activities during the peak tourist season from May to August. Under the influence of dust, the total concentrations of Cl–, SO2– 4, Na+, NH+ 4, and Ca2+ in particles of different sizes inside and outside the cave increased, and the concentrations of Cl–, SO2– 4, Na+, and Ca2+ decreased during precipitation period. Backward air mass trajectory analysis suggested that the pollutants were mainly from Xinjiang, China. The pollutant sources of air particulates are straw burning, secondary pollution sources, soil dust, dry spring rivers, and tourist activities.
分类： 环境科学技术及资源科学技术 >> 环境科学技术基础学科 提交时间： 2022-11-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要：Information on rare earth elements (REEs) in soils and plants of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is very limited. Therefore, in this study, we performed field sampling to explore the geochemical signatures and human health risk of REEs in soils and plants of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. A total of 127 soil samples and 127 plant samples were collected from the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to acquire the geochemical signatures and related human health risks of REEs. The mean total concentrations of REEs in soils and plants of the study area reached 178.55 and 10.06 mg/kg, respectively. The light REEs in soils and plants accounted for 76% and 77% of the total REEs, respectively. REEs showed significantly homogenous distribution in soils but inhomogeneous distribution in plants of the study area. Characteristic parameters indicated that light REEs were enriched and fractionated significantly, while heavy REEs were moderately fractionated in soils and plants. REEs in soils and plants showed significantly negative Europium anomaly. Cerium showed slightly positive anomaly in plants and slight anomaly in soils. The normalized distribution patterns of REEs were generally similar in the analyzed soils and the corresponding plants of the study area. The average bio-concentration factor of REEs ranged from 0.0478 (Scandium) to 0.0604 (Europium), confirming a small accumulation of REEs by plants. Health risks caused by REEs in soils and plants were negligible, while risks for adults were lower than those for children. This study provides important information on REEs in soils and plants of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
分类： 环境科学技术及资源科学技术 >> 环境科学技术基础学科 提交时间： 2022-11-08 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要：The desert in northern China is one of important sources of loess and one significant source of material for sandstorms in Asia. The sand/dust that is transported from desert when sandstorms occur can destroy the growth of crops, cause serious losses and great harm to the economic construction and life safety, and cause natural environment pollution. Hence, it is very important to deepen the research into heavy metals in surface deposits at vulnerable ecological region of arid land of northern China to guide local industrial and agricultural development and improve environmental protection. In this research, 10 heavy metal elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Th) were tested and analyzed in 33 soil sample sites collected from the hinterland of the Tengger Desert, northern China. The results showed that the average abundance of Th exceeded its background soil value of China by more than 5.2 times, which suggests that the Tengger Desert is polluted by Th. In addition, based on principal component analysis, spatial differentiation, and correlation analysis, we identified the source of element with a coefficient of variation in abundance of greater than 0.5 or exceeding the background soil value of China. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis showed that the sources of heavy metals of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Cd were similar, while those of Th and Zn were different. Moreover, based on the contents and spatial distribution characteristics of those heavy metal elements, we found that the formation of heavy metal elements enrichment areas is caused by industrial pollution, development of irrigated agricultural, geological, and geomorphic conditions, and the sedimentary environment in the study area. Our result can provide information on the environmental background values of soils in the hinterland of the Tengger Desert.
分类： 环境科学技术及资源科学技术 >> 环境科学技术基础学科 提交时间： 2022-11-08 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要：
Many arid areas have very severe climates with extremely high summer temperatures, strong solar radiation, and a lack of drinking water during the driest season. Therefore, antelopes living in arid areas are forced to solve two main problems: avoiding overheating and maintaining water balance. Generally, there are physiological, morphological, and behavioral mechanisms for antelope adaptations to arid environments. Among the mechanisms, behavioral adjustments have a minimal cost and are activated first, while physiological mechanisms are the most energetically costly and involve adaptations to high temperatures when other mechanisms are insufficient. In previous publications, some examples of the antelope behavioral adaptations have been described only rarely, while in this review, we try to clarify all available information on the adaptations of antelopes living in arid areas to their native environments, paying particular attention to behavioral adjustments. Behavioral mechanisms, especially daily activity, diet and microclimate selection, and migrations, are so important and commonly used by antelopes in natural conditions, in which physiological mechanisms are usually not involved. Antelopes adjust their behaviors according to environmental changes so successfully that purely physiological mechanisms are discovered under laboratory conditions; for example, adaptive heterothermia or selective brain cooling phenomenon is difficult to observe in their natural habitats. This review provides a better understanding of the main behavioral mechanisms of antelope adaptations to arid environments and allows for the identification of the key factors for successful conservation of antelopes in their natural habitats.
分类： 环境科学技术及资源科学技术 >> 环境科学技术基础学科 提交时间： 2022-06-17 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Abstract: Sand fences made of punched steel plate (PSP) have recently been applied to control wind-blown sand in desertified and Gobi areas due to their strong wind resistance and convenient in situ construction. However, few studies have assessed the protective effect of PSP sand fences, especially through field observations. This study analyzes the effects of double-row PSP sand fences on wind and sand resistance using field observations and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation. The results of field observations showed that the average windproof efficiencies of the first-row and second-row sand fences were 79.8% and 70.8%, respectively. Moreover, the average windproof efficiencies of the numerical simulation behind the first-row and second-row sand fences were 89.8% and 81.1%, respectively. The sand-resistance efficiency of the double-row PSP sand fences was 65.4%. Sand deposition occurred close to the first-row sand fence; however, there was relatively little sand on the leeward side of the second-row sand fence. The length of sand accumulation near PSP sand fences obtained by numerical simulation was basically consistent with that through field observations, indicating that field observations combined with numerical simulation can provide insight into the complex wind-blown sand field over PSP sand fences. This study indicates that the protection efficiency of the double-row PSP sand fences is sufficient for effective control of sand hazards associated with extremely strong wind in the Gobi areas. The output of this work is expected to improve the future application of PSP sand fences.
分类： 环境科学技术及资源科学技术 >> 环境科学技术基础学科 提交时间： 2022-06-17 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Abstract: During aeolian processes, the two most critical factors related to dust emissions are soil particle and aggregate saltation, which greatly affect the vertical profiles of near-surface dust concentrations. In this study, we measured PM10 concentrations at four different heights (0.10, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 m) with and without continuous and simultaneous aeolian saltation processes on a Gobi surface in northwestern China from 31 March to 10 April, 2017. We found that the vertical concentration profiles of suspended PM10 matched the log-law model well when there was no aeolian saltation. For the erosion process with saltation, we divided the vertical concentration profiles of PM10 into the saltation-affected layer and the airflow-transport layer according to two different dust sources (i.e., locally emitted PM10 and upwind transported PM10). The transition height between the saltation-affected layer and the airflow-transport layer was not fixed and varied with saltation intensity. From this new perspective, we calculated the airflow-transport layer and the dust emission rate at different times during a wind erosion event occurred on 5 April 2017. We found that dust emissions during wind erosion are primarily controlled by saltation intensity, contributing little to PM10 concentrations above the ground surface compared to PM10 concentrations transported from upwind directions. As erosion progresses, the surface supply of erodible grains is the most crucial factor for saltation intensity. When there was a sufficient amount of erodible grains, there was a significant correlation among the friction velocity, saltation intensity and dust emission rate. However, when supply is limited by factors such as surface renewal or an increase in soil moisture, the friction velocity will not necessarily correlate with the other two factors. Therefore, for the Gobi surface, compared to limiting dust emissions from upwind directions, restricting the transport of suspended dust in its path is by far a more efficient and realistic option for small areas that are often exposed to dust storms. This study provides some theoretical basis for correctly estimating PM10 concentrations in the Gobi areas.
分类： 环境科学技术及资源科学技术 >> 环境科学技术基础学科 提交时间： 2022-06-13 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Abstract: Dust emission and wind erosion are widespread phenomena in arid and semi-arid regions, which have far-reaching harmful effects to the environment. This study aimed to use microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) method with Bacillus sphaericus to reduce soil losses that occur in a dust-producing area due to wind erosion in the Ilam Province, Iran. Soil samples at the 030 cm depth were used and sterilized in an autoclave for 2 h at 121C and 103 kPa. Approximately 3 kg soils were weighed and poured in the 35 cm35 cm3 cm trays. Different treatments included two levels of B. sphaericus (0.0 and 0.5 OD), three levels of suspension volume (123, 264, and 369 mL), two levels of urea-chloride cementation solution (0.0 and 0.5 M), and two levels of bacterial spray (once and twice spray). After 28 d, soil properties such as soil mass loss, penetration resistance, and aggregate stability were measured. The results showed a low soil mass loss (1 g) in F14 formulation (twice bacterial spray+264 mL suspension volume+without cementation solution) and a high soil mass loss (246 g) in F5 formulation (without bacteria+264 mL suspension volume+0.5 M cementation solution). The highest (42.55%) and the lowest (19.47%) aggregate stabilities were observed in F16 and F7 formulations, respectively, and the highest penetration resistance (3.328 kg/cm2) was observed in F18 formulation. According to the final results, we recommended the formulation with twice bacterial spray, 0.5 M cementation solution, and 269 mL suspension volume as the best combination for soil surface stabilization. Furthermore, this method is environmentally friendly because it has no adverse effects on soil, water, and plants, thus, it would be an efficient approach to stabilize soil surface.
分类： 环境科学技术及资源科学技术 >> 环境科学技术基础学科 提交时间： 2022-06-13 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Abstract: Deserts are sensitive to environmental changes caused by human interference and are prone to degradation. Revegetation can promote the reversal of desertification and the subsequent formation of fixed sand. However, the effects of grazing, which can cause the ground-surface conditions of fixed sand to further deteriorate and result in re-desertification, on the greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from soils remain unknown. Herein, we investigated GHG fluxes in the Hobq Desert, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, at the mobile (desertified), fixed (vegetated), and grazed (re-desertified) sites from January 2018 to December 2019. We analyzed the response mechanism of GHG fluxes to micrometeorological factors and the variation in global warming potential (GWP). CO2 was emitted at an average rate of 4.2, 3.7, and 1.1 mmol/(m2h) and N2O was emitted at an average rate of 0.19, 0.15, and 0.09 mol/(m2h) at the grazed, fixed, and mobile sites, respectively. Mean CH4 consumption was as follows: fixed site (2.9 mol/(m2h))>grazed site (2.7 mol/(m2h))>mobile site (1.1 mol/(m2h)). GHG fluxes varied seasonally, and soil temperature (10 cm) and soil water content (30 cm) were the key micrometeorological factors affecting the fluxes. The changes in the plant and soil characteristics caused by grazing resulted in increased soil CO2 and N2O emissions and decreased CH4 absorption. Grazing also significantly increased the GWP of the soil (P
分类： 环境科学技术及资源科学技术 >> 环境科学技术基础学科 提交时间： 2022-06-13 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： In semi-arid lands, vegetation is distributed in shrub patches immersed in a less vegetated interpatch matrix. Grazing affects perennial grass seed bank through a decrease in seed rain and an increase in seed predation and soil compaction. Nevertheless, some species with anchorage mechanisms in their seeds might overcome this, such as Nassella tenuis (Phil.) Barkworth. This is an important species in grazing paddocks because it has an intermediate palatability and its relatively tolerant to grazing. These characteristics allow N. tenuis to increase its abundance in grazed sites. Our objective was to assess how grazing affects the key palatable species from seeds to seedlings: i.e., seed rain, soil seed bank, and seedling recruitment in different microsites along a windward-leeward transect across shrub canopy. We hypothesized that: (1) the negative effects of grazing on N. tenuis fructification are reflected in its seed rain, soil seed bank, and seedling recruitment, especially in interpatches; (2) Nassella tenuis seed rain reduction, soil compaction by cattle in grazed sites, and removal of seeds by wind decrease its soil seed bank, especially in microsites exposed to the predominant wind; and (3) the decrease in N. tenuis soil seed bank and cover increase in annual species in grazed sites have negative effects on its seedling recruitment, especially in microsites exposed to predominant wind. We placed seed traps, collected soil samples, and monitored seedling recruitment in different locations around shrub canopy to address our hypotheses. Also, we established a manipulative experiment in which we sow N. tenuis seeds and followed its recruitment in different microsites. We compared the seed rain, soil seed bank, natural seedling recruitment, and sown seeds recruitment of N. tenuis between grazed and ungrazed sites. We analyzed differences between microsites along a windward-leeward transect across shrubs patches. Seed rain and soil seed bank had the same density in patches and interpatches both in ungrazed and grazed sites. But seed rain was higher, and soil seed bank was lower in ungrazed sites than in grazed sites. Almost all under-canopy microsites showed greater soil seed bank abundance and natural seedling recruitment in ungrazed sites. Sown seeds recruitment was the same between grazed and ungrazed sites, but it showed protective effects of shrubs in leeward microsites under grazed sites. As a conclusion, seed rain and soil seed bank are complementary under grazed sites.
分类： 环境科学技术及资源科学技术 >> 环境科学技术基础学科 提交时间： 2022-06-02 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 为筛选苗期抗旱性较强的牧草，用于干旱半干旱地区的人工草地建植。采用盆栽法对6种牧草进行模拟 干旱试验，测定其株高（PH）、地上干重（SDW）、地下干重（RDW）、根冠比（RSR）、叶片相对含水量（RWC）、脯氨酸含 量（Pro）、可溶性蛋白含量（SP）、抗氧化酶活性等指标，计算单项指标抗旱系数，运用相关分析、主成分分析、隶属函 数法等方法对6种牧草进行抗旱性综合评价。结果表明：干旱胁迫对6种供试材料的生长和生理指标均有显著影 响。相关分析表明，PH、GR、RDW等12项指标之间呈正相关关系，但这12项指标均与丙二醛（MDA）含量呈负相关 关系。主成分分析表明，4个主成分贡献率可达98.40%，可代表6种供试材料绝大部分数据信息。结合隶属函数法 及权重，计算出6种供试材料的抗旱性综合评价值（D 值），得到供试材料的抗旱性能力顺序为：长穗偃麦草> 披碱 草>沙打旺>无芒雀麦>紫花苜蓿>扁穗冰草。D 值与PH（0.984**）、RDW（0.948**）、Pro（0.971**）和SP（0.959**）均呈显 著正相关，可作为相似材料苗期抗旱性评价的辅助指标。
分类： 环境科学技术及资源科学技术 >> 环境科学技术基础学科 提交时间： 2022-06-02 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： ：选取汾河流域为研究区，采用土地利用动态度、地学信息图谱、生态价值指数和植被覆盖度综合分析研究 区2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年及2018年土地利用变化及生态环境影响效应问题。结果表明：（1）20002018 年，流域建设用地、林地呈现增长趋势，增长面积分别为1350.90 km2、85.50 km2，增长率分别为92.83%、0.96%；耕地、 草地出现小幅下降趋势，缩减面积分别为729 km2、674.10 km2，缩减率分别为-5.02%、-7.63%；水域及未利用土地维 持多年平均水平，平均面积为297 km2、7.92 km2。空间格局呈现建设用地、耕地集中于流域核心区，草地、林地集中 于边缘区的分异特征。（2）各时序综合土地利用动态度、土地转移图谱、土地利用涨落势变化近似，显著变化区主要 位于流域盆地及其与山地过渡区，多年综合土地利用动态度为4.34%，单一土地利用动态度及土地利用涨势幅度最 高的是建设用地及林地。（3）基于不同的主导土地利用类型影响，生态价值指数时序演变呈现下降-增长-下降的 波浪状曲线特征；植被覆盖度经历增长-下降-增长的演变特征；空间格局上与土地利用变化区域呈现空间斑块 重叠。地形结构、用地标准、社会经济及环保政策等因子驱动下，未来流域土地利用变化或将加大，对生态环境的 胁迫增强。
分类： 环境科学技术及资源科学技术 >> 环境科学技术基础学科 提交时间： 2022-06-02 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 研究耕地资源时空变化及驱动因子，对于提高区域粮食安全，严守耕地保护红线，制定耕地保护政策和措 施具有重要的实践意义。以甘肃省1995年、2005年、2015年和2020年4期土地利用数据为基础，在ArcGIS和Geo⁃ Da等技术的支持下，从栅格、格网和县域尺度全面分析了甘肃省近25 a耕地时空变化特征，并利用地理探测器对引 起耕地变化的主要驱动因子进行了探测。结果表明：（1）甘肃省19952020年间耕地减少幅度达1.6%，1995 2005年耕地面积增加，20052020年耕地面积递减，且耕地主要流向草地、林地和建设用地，而未利用地主要向耕 地和草地转移。（2）耕地空间分布呈东南多、西北少的典型特征。耕地空间分布受自然因素和社会经济因素的共 同作用，其中，人口和土地开发强度的交互作用是1995年、2005年和2015年甘肃省耕地空间分布差异性的主要原 因，而2020年温度和降水的交互作用成为影响耕地的主导因素。研究结果可为甘肃省耕地保护管理提供科学依 据。
分类： 环境科学技术及资源科学技术 >> 环境科学技术基础学科 提交时间： 2022-06-02 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： ：利用延河流域1998年、2004年、2010年和2016年4期的Landsat遥感影像，计算遥感生态指数（Remote Sensing Ecological Index，RSEI），对流域生态环境质量的时空变化进行分析和评价，利用CA-Markov模型对2022年 和2028年的生态环境进行模拟和预测。结果表明：（1）RSEI评价指数在延河流域具有较好的适用性，可用于监测 和评价流域生态环境的时空变化特征。（2）时间尺度上，RSEI均值从1998年的0.392变化为2016年的0.530，呈逐年 上升趋势，空间尺度上，RSEI从东南向西北逐渐增大。以0.2为间隔划分RSEI等级，发现流域生态环境质量等级以 较差和中等为主，占总面积的62.4%，主要分布于流域的山谷地带，优良等级的面积占比最小，约为8.1%，主要分布 于流域南部的山区地带。（3）自然和人为因素对流域生态环境质量变化的影响存在较大空间差异性。其中海拔在 1200~1800 m的区域，生态环境质量变化主要受自然因素影响；而海拔低于1200 m的区域，则主要受人类活动影 响。（4）预测到2028年，流域生态环境质量会持续提升，良好和优良等级的面积占比将达到66%，但是流域西北部 由于生态环境本底脆弱，仍存在较大的问题。
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