Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Poverty eradication is one of the sustainable human development goals, and is also the important index of human social progress. The study investigates the evolution process of the world poverty and points out the spatial-temporal uneven pattern of the world poverty reduction. The current challenges to the world poverty reduction include aggravated resources exploitation in Sub-Saharan Africa, worldwide forcibly displaced people who lower down poverty identification accuracy, and rural decline which leads to instable poverty reduction. Oriented by the UN’s poverty eradication goal by 2030, the study proposes to strengthen worldwide poverty reduction collaboration, to promote national and regional development transformation, and to revitalize the world's countryside, so as to support world poverty reduction.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is important ecological security barrier of China and even Asia, and one of biodiversity conservation hotspots. Ensuring ecological security and protecting biodiversity are key tasks of ecological protection in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, wildlife is very rich but there are many threatened species. During past 15 years, ecosystem pattern is stable, and ecosystem quality generally elevates in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Correspondingly, water retention, soil retention, and sandstorm prevention are improved and the trend of ecological degradation is suppressed. The construction of natural reserves and the implementation of ecological protection projects in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau contribute to the improvement of ecological security barrier function. However, due to the impacts of warm-wet tendency and human activities, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is facing a series of ecological degradation risks, including frozen soil area withering, marsh reduction, wildlife habitat degradation, alien invasion, and ecosystem degradation. To further protect Qinghai-Tibet Plateau’s ecological security barrier, the following measures could be taken, namely, optimizing spatial pattern of natural protected area, establishing natural protected area system mainly based on national park group, and implementing ecological protection and restoration projects.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Strengthening human resilience against disasters’ disturbance plays an important role in realizing the UN sustainable development goals. The study investigates the occurrence and evolution of major natural disasters and diseases in the world during the past century. It finds out that the major disasters gained frequency and impact after human entering the 21st century. Further, it indicates that the distorted human-nature relationship, rural decline and poverty in Sub-Sahara Africa, globalization have escalated the impact of major disasters. Finally, we propose ways to improve the resilient capacity of human being in terms of multiple perspectives.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2019-09-09 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：以内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗及浑善达克沙地区域干涸湖床3种不同形态的盐土原状土为对象，通过风洞模拟实验，研究了干涸湖床不同类型盐土地表的净风吹蚀速率。对比风洞实验测定结果发现，3种盐土净风吹蚀速率依次是：蓬松盐霜盐土（14.44 g·m-2·min-1）>普通盐土（1.00 g·m-2·min-1）>结皮盐土（0.42 g·m-2·min-1）。风蚀过程中，不同类型盐土的近地表物质输移主要集中分布在0~10 cm的高度范围内，初始运动中，实验盐土风蚀颗粒物质以就地滚动和近距离跃移为主。实验观测发现，随着风速的增大，更多、更大的表面物质会受到更强烈的撞击与磨蚀作用，形成较细小的粉尘物质释放于空中，因此，干旱区盐土地表是形成区域盐碱浮尘或含盐沙尘天气的重要物源。不同类型盐土近地表物质输移总量从大到小依次是：蓬松盐霜盐土（3.17 g）、结皮盐土（0.42 g）、普通盐土（0.35 g）。
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2019-06-13 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：以山洪灾害风险评价的多准则决策模型、最大熵模型、信息量模型三种常见模型为研究对象，选取河西走廊和张掖市为地理区划（大中）、市域（小）空间尺度研究区，构建山洪灾害风险评价指标体系，分别完成基于三种模型的两种空间尺度的山洪灾害风险评价制图，基于甘肃省地质灾害调查与区划报告数据从模型验证、空间自相关、精度对比和尺度效应等角度对比分析三个模型应用于不同空间尺度的适应性，并给出优选模型。结果表明：最大熵模型是河西走廊（地理区划）空间尺度上山洪灾害风险评价的优选模型；多准则决策模型不适用于张掖市（市域）空间尺度评价，且三个模型运行结果均没有河西走廊（地理区划）空间尺度上表现良好；三个模型的尺度效应明显，在地理区划空间尺度上应用较良好，缩小至市域空间尺度上模拟结果误差增大；不同空间尺度上，最大熵模型均优于多准则决策模型和信息量模型，适用于地理区划（大中）、市域（小）空间尺度的山洪灾害风险评价。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geology submitted time 2018-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract： 本文采用1996—2016年定结地区Landsat4-5 TM、MSS、Landsat7 ETM、Landsat8 OLI共6期遥感影像，结合野外实地考察，对西藏定结地区风沙地貌特征及近20年来风沙地貌格局动态变化进行了定量研究。结果表明：（1）定结地区风沙地貌类型主要有爬坡沙丘、谷坡灌丛沙堆、新月形沙丘、平沙地及谷底灌丛沙堆，主要沿朋曲河、协林藏布、叶如藏布、吉隆藏布及曲强藏布等河谷呈条带状分布并集中在宽谷段，同时在登么错、强左错、共左错及错母折林等湖泊周围呈小面积零星分布。（2）1996—2016年定结地区风沙地貌格局变化分为两个阶段：1996—2004年呈扩张趋势，年转换率为0.87，增加量为151.2 km2；2004—2016年呈逆转趋势，年转换率为-0.59，减少量为276.6 km2。整体而言，1996—2016年总面积转化率为-0.27，风沙地貌面积呈先扩张后缩减趋势，转移矩阵分析流动沙地向固定、半固定沙地转移较多，这种变化特征与转移方向印证了青藏高原气候暖湿性愈发显著的趋势。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2018-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract： 通过把握绿洲乡村聚落空间规律，揭示其影响机制，以期为西北边陲绿洲美丽乡村建设过程中的聚落管理和规划提供依据。基于GIS技术、计量统计方法和实地考察调查对新疆艾比湖流域绿洲乡村聚落空间格局及影响因素进行了分析。结果表明：（1）艾比湖流域绿洲乡村聚落整体为小规模-低密度-高核破碎化状态，呈现冲洪积扇平原-中低密度扇射型、河流两侧-低密度线状型和中高密度条带型及精河盆地-高密度团块型分布特色。（2）聚落局部规模分异明显，冷点区多为兵团团场连队，热点多为地方乡镇村庄。（3）聚落主要分布在海拔800 m以下、距河流2 km以内、距道路1 km以内区域，并深受政策制度影响。乡村聚落的发展更多地受制于人类的行为，然而，在艾比湖流域绿洲特殊的地形地貌、较大的海拔高程差以及博河、精河贯穿全区的自然条件下，乡村聚落格局及进一步发展受到限制。
Hits
Hits
Downloads
Comment
YES