Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract: The marine area is a strategic area of China. To build China into a strong maritime country, we should enhance the capacity for exploiting marine resources, develop the maritime economy, protect the marine ecological environment, and resolutely safeguard national maritime rights and interests. Promoting marine science and technology to achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance is an inevitable requirement for accelerating the construction of maritime country. The marine scientific observation and exploration is the basic means of understanding the ocean, and is also an important basis for the marine resources development, environmental protection and rights and interests protection. This paper reviews the important progresses of global and national ocean observation and exploration program and network, with a view to highlight the practice of ocean scientific observation and exploration technology system construction in Chinese Academy of Sciences, and puts forward thoughts and suggestions on next steps. To build up China’s strength in ocean scientific observation and exploration technology system, we should further strengthen the top-level design to drive the “twin engines” of national strategic needs and frontier trends in science and technology, redouble efforts on developing scientific and technological breakthroughs to make continued efforts to solve the most urgent key problems, and innovate improve institutions and mechanisms to make full use of China’s strategic science and technology capabilities in the marine field, so as to provide strong scientific and technological support for the construction of China as a maritime power.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract: The Tibetan Plateau is known as the “Asian Water Tower”. In the past 50 years, global warming has accelerated the water cycle over the Asian Water Tower. The current understanding on the key processes of water vapor transport over the Asian Water Tower and the behind mechanisms are reviewed in this paper, via the climatology, long-term trend, and interannual variability, respectively. This review further suggests that it is urgent to understand the tempo-spatial changes, mechanisms, and impact of water vapor transport processes over the Asian Water Tower. Therefore, future research should improve capabilities on observation, diagnosis, dynamical mechanism, detection and attribution, as well as numerical simulation.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract: The ENSO prediction system of Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP, CAS) predicts that El Ni駉 conditions are likely to continue through the Northern Hemisphere spring and summer 2019. According to the seasonally averaged rainfall prediction of IAP, a wetter-than-normal condition is predicted for most parts of southern China, North parts of Northeast China and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The other parts of China will experience a drier-than-normal condition during the boreal summer. The center of less-than-normal precipitation is located in the Hetao area. The landing typhoon will be more than normal in the summer of 2019.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract: Big Earth Data for UN Sustainable Development Goals: Climate Change and Action
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract: The carbon neutrality strategy will be the largest orderly human activity in this century, which requires strong scientific supports. This study introduces some key scientific questions and remaining knowledge gaps in earth system science (i.e. atmosphere, land, ocean science), and also discusses some key techniques and the associated challenges, including Earth System Model, climate metrics, greenhouse gasses monitoring techniques, carbon inventories from regional to global scales. On this basis, this study recommends to construct climate monitoring system and platform in China, better describe and understand the earth system coupling processes and mechanisms. To consolidate the techniques for carbon neutrality, this study also suggests to build carbon monitoring and inventory assessment platform and to improve the Earth System Model.
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2020-07-02 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract:利用中亚地区65个气象站的逐日最高气温数据,结合ERA-Interim再分析资料以及经纬度、海拔数据,构建了随机森林插值模型,并验证了其可靠性。基于该模型补全了气象站缺失值,获得完整的站点逐日最高气温数据集TStation_f,并插值得到中亚1979—2016年空间分辨率为0.75°×0.75°的逐日最高气温格点数据集TRFIM_G。基于TRFIM_G进一步分析了中亚1979—2016年夏季极端高温指数时空变化特征。结果表明:中亚区域平均极端高温指数增速在0.22—0.30℃·(10a)-1,显著增温的区域主要分布在哈萨克斯坦的西部、土库曼斯坦大部、乌兹别克斯坦东南部等地区。基于TRFIM_G得到的夏季极端高温指数增速显著大于基于TStation_f得到的结果,这表明用站点观测数据对该地区夏季极端高温趋势的估计明显偏低。本研究得到的数据集可在一定程度上弥补使用站点观测数据片面刻画中亚地区极端高温变化的缺陷,有助于更确切地引导人们在应对极端天气气候事件时采取相应的减缓和适应措施。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Atmospheric Sciences submitted time 2018-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract: 由于沙漠恶劣的环境,观测站点稀少,塔克拉玛干沙漠地区的温度、湿度时空分布很难仅仅依靠少量的常规观测资料分析得到,高分辨率的大气红外探测器(AIRS)资料可有效弥补这个空缺。地形和地表发射率是影响AIRS反演温湿度廓线产品进度的两大要素,在塔里木盆地的塔克拉玛干沙漠地区使用AIRS温湿度产品必须首先对其质量进行检验。本研究主要对2016年7月1日~15日晴空背景下AIRS反演的温度、位势高度、水汽数据在塔克拉玛干沙漠及周边绿洲地区在早晨和傍晚的可信度作了详细的对比分析。结果表明:(1)AIRS卫星资料集里的温度资料与探空数据有很好的吻合度。温度资料在沙漠腹地尚有较小偏差,在周边绿洲地区尤其是其中高层一致性较高。AIRS反演温度在沙漠腹地的塔中站在早晨各层的偏差明显大于傍晚,其余各站早晨和傍晚反演偏差不大。(2)AIRS卫星测得的位势高度资料几乎与探空资料的完全一致,是本对比研究中观测质量最好的要素,但AIRS探测层次能达到1 hPa,探测高度优于探空。(3)反演的湿度廓线与探空偏差较大。AIRS资料的混合比在300hPa上的高层与探空吻合,在中层偏干,低层偏湿,低层水汽探测误差可能与盆地地形和沙漠下垫面有关。(4)早晨沙漠腹地的塔中站AIRS反演气温平均偏差在各层均比其余7个绿洲站明显偏大,在500hPa以下的低层明显偏冷,在其上明显偏暖,偏暖幅度随高度的升高而增大。早晨绿洲AIRS反演温度在所有气压层上温度偏差绝对值均在1℃以内,均方根误差小于2℃,傍晚偏差绝对值在3℃以内,均方根误差在700hPa以下的低层较高层大,700hPa以上在3℃以内。绝对误差在早晨和傍晚均随高度的升高而减小,在100hPa以上又有逆转,这种逆转在塔中站尤为明显。