Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2024-05-18 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The low carbon transition pathway is a series of goals, technologies, fundings, policies, and other integrated driven system action roadmap. With the deepening of society’s understanding of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, China’s dual-carbon faces the challenge of systemic advancement of comprehensive deepening implementation. The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China once again emphasized that achieving the dual-carbon goal will bring about extensive and profound economic and social systemic changes, and pointed out that based on China’s energy endowment, we should adhere to first establishment and then phaseout and implement the carbon peaking actions in a planned and step-by-step manner. China’s low-carbon transition has made a series of new progress, and the planning for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality “1+N” policy framework, which aims to implement the tasks of the dual-carbon target in a comprehensive manner, has been basically completed. At the same time, it is necessary to recognize the long-term and arduous nature of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, for which the pathway and policies need to be constantly and dynamically adjusted according to the domestic and international situation. The study summarizes the new achievements of lowcarbon transition under the guidance of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality target and the “1+N” policy framework, and analyzes the transition needs and challenges faced. Finally, it puts forward several suggestions for systematically promoting the deepening implementation of the dual-carbon strategy in terms of economic system, energy system, territorial spatial pattern, building and transportation system, consumption pattern, technological innovation, financial system, trade and supply chain, governance system, and international cooperation.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-05-18 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Since the implementation of the major function oriented zoning, the ecological space of key ecological functional areas has continuously expanded, with a significant increase in vegetation coverage. Concurrently, there has been a dual change in population dynamics, characterized by a decrease in total population and an increase in the urban population. Furthermore, significant achievements have been made in economic and social development, and there has been a steady improvement in the functions of ecological security barriers, contributing to an alleviation of tension in human-environment relationships. During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, it is imperative to adhere to the functional orientation primarily focused on providing ecological services or products. While consolidating provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural ecosystem services, there is an increased emphasis on enhancing the quality of these services, thereby constructing a more diversified, stable, and sustainable ecological foundation. Furthermore, exploring compatible functions of eco-product development and utilization promote greening and decarbonization, aiming to establish an inclusive conservation approach that advances modernization characterized by harmony between humanity and nature. In the 15th Five-Year Plan period, ecological regions will not only be crucial components of the new territorial security pattern but also pillars of the new territorial development pattern. Optimization recommendations are as follows. From the perspective of strategic patterns, it is necessary to enhance the spatial connection and supply-demand interaction between ecological security barriers and the territorial development pattern. In detail, continued efforts are needed to consolidate the national ecological security barriers, optimize the pattern of key ecological functional areas, integrate the system of natural protected areas, and strictly adhere to ecological conservation red lines. Moreover, a greater focus should be on upgrading quality of ecosystem service functions through classification, fully implementing the holistic approach to protecting and restoring mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and sand, actively fostering new growth drivers for green development, accelerating the establishment of a refined zoning control system, and synergistically advancing reforms and innovations of institutions and mechanisms. These measures aim to support high-quality development in ecological regions through high-standard protection.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-05-18 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Major Function Oriented Zone (MFOZ), an attempt and exploration aimed at ecological civilization during China’s industrial civilization period which is divided into two stages, the stage of MFOZ planning and the stage of the national strategy and basic institution before and after the 18th Communist Party of China (CPC) National Congress, and the main characteristics of both stages are analyzed. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the strategic thinking of the MFOZ has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, the strategic pattern of the MFOZ has been basically formed, the development of the categorized MFOZ has achieved remarkable progress, and the MFOZ mechanism has been initially established. It is proposed that the MFOZ will continue to play a greater strategic and fundamental role in the Chinese-style modernization. As a major strategy, plan and institutional arrangement for implementing the leadership of the Communist Party of China, giving full play to the advantages of the socialist system, and realizing modern spatial governance from top to bottom, the MFOZ should further strengthen the development and protection orientation towards land space, which is people-centered, with high-quality development as the primary task, and new development pattern as the strategic basis, MFOZ should expand new functions that meet the people’s aspirations for a better life and the national security needs, and rely on a sound spatial governance system to establish more precise MFOZ development guidelines and supporting policies.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-05-18 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China’s regional coordinated development has shown a sound trend through measures such as poverty alleviation, ecological civilization construction, and the implementation of major regional strategies. During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, China’s regional coordinated development is faced with the huge challenge of global resource and environmental supply shortage, slow and weak consumption growth in China and the world’s major economies, multi-sided suppression by developed countries, and continuous catch-up by developing countries with low-cost advantages. This study first puts forward some new academic thoughts, such as the equilibrium theory of spatial development, the spatial organization theory of node source and sink in economic network, and the spatial convergence theory of innovation chain-industry chain. On the basis of theoretical innovation, it has clarified the strategic key points of attaching equal importance to creating new driving forces for the development of developed areas and fostering the development of growth poles in underdeveloped areas, as well as taking coordinated regional development as the approach to Chinese-style modernization in the near future. The research holds that scientific and technological innovation plays a leading role in promoting regional coordinated development. Building a regional model of “scientific and technological innovation system + new quality productivity layout” according to local conditions, forming a new development pattern of comprehensive functional areas, promoting the westward shift of the focus of resource utilization industry layout, and attaching importance to cultivating the function of growth poles in key areas should become the main paths for regional coordinated development. Finally, the strategic and fundamental role of the major functional zoning is discussed.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-05-18 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： For the first time, this study draws an Innovation Science Structure Map using the scientific structure mapping analysis method. It takes Essential Science Indicators (ESI) highly cited papers referenced in patents as the foundatial analyzing data, revealing the impact of leading-edge fundamental research on the development of technological innovation worldwide. It identifies the hotspot areas that are driving the advancement of technological innovation and compares the performance between China and the United States in these areas, providing robust data support for informed scientific decision-making. The analysis reveals that papers with a high number of patent references are primarily concentrated in emerging biotechnology and biomedical fields, as well as in new information technology, energy, and materials sectors that are likely to trigger disruptive technological innovations. There is a noticeable growth trend in China for papers with high citation counts referenced in patents, with a five-year cumulative growth exceeding 60%, but the total number is still less than half of that in the United States. The number of papers from China in many research hotspots closely associated with technological innovation is higher than that of the United States. Still, the count of papers referenced in patents is usually lower. The United States tends to fundamental research that influences technological innovation, leading more towards industrial transformation-related R&D activities, and involves a large number of enterprises.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-05-18 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
BIAN Wenyue
LIANG Xingjie
GE Chunlei
HUI Zhongyang
JIA Xiaoqi
LIU Si
YE Jing
CHEN Xiaoyi
WANG Wenjun
JU Huajun
Abstract： Nanoscale science and technology (nano S&T) are at the frontier of global strategic high-tech competition. After examining nearly 160 strategy and planning documents released by scientific and technological powerhouses from 2000 to 2023, the study finds ten common approaches adopted by the powerhouses to advance nano S&T as follows. (1) Recognizing nano S&T as a key area for the economy and global competition. (2) Establishing cross-department organizations to meet the cross-disciplinary nature of nano S&T. (3) Developing strategic plans to guide the development of nano S&T and implementing major programs with significant investment. (4) Establishing multidisciplinary nano S&T research centers based upon institutions with strength. (5) Building and maintaining physical and cyber R&D infrastructures for nano S&T. (6) Promoting convergence of nanotechnology, information technology, biotechnology, and cognition science. (7) Establishing facilities to accelerate the commercialization of promising discoveries. (8) Paying close attention to the possible effects of nano S&T on the environment and human health. (9) Developing a skilled workforce and recruiting overseas talents. (10) Engaging in international collaborations. The study also finds that the powerhouses have continued to pay close attention to nano S&T during the past three years, focusing on issues such as leveraging nano S&T to help address significant societal challenges and preparing for the oncoming data-intensive R&D paradigm. Moreover, the study discusses the progress and shortcomings of nano S&T in China and proposes suggestions for R&D in the future after taking account of the findings presented above. The suggestions include promoting the commercialization of promising R&D, building and maintaining nanomaterial databases, establishing nano S&T think tanks, and putting in place a system of developing talent who can adapt to scientific and technological trends and meet the demands of the development of nano S&T.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-05-18 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Intellectual property security is the main battlefield of national security, and strengthening intellectual property security review is an important measure to protect national security and improve intellectual property security protection in the field of intellectual property. In the new era, the security review mechanism of intellectual property rights transfer and its implementation are facing double pressures worldwide, which need to be further adjusted and improved. This study analyzes the institutional games and challenges brought about by the changes in the international situation of intellectual property rights transfer, clarifies the requirements of the current overall national security concept and the strategy of self-reliance and self-reliance in science and technology for intellectual property rights transfer, sorts out many problems existing in the security review mechanism and specific implementation of intellectual property rights transfer, and puts forward the optimization ideas for improving the security review system and implementing the system. In theory, the institutional dilemma of the security review mechanism of intellectual property rights transfer abroad is clarified, which can provide research reference for the security review of intellectual property rights transfer in China in practice.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-05-18 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The open sharing of large-scale scientific facilities plays a pivotal role in the ecosystem of open science. This is of great significance for promoting the development of science and technology, enhancing innovation cooperation, and boosting the overall competitive strength of nations. Starting from two dimensions of resource scarcity and sustainability, this study systematically sorts out four open sharing modes of large-scale scientific facilities: the public and inclusive sharing mode, the market response sharing mode, the intensive guarantee sharing mode, and the Strategic Cooperation Sharing Mode. Through the comparison analysis of four foreign large-scale scientific facilities, the study further elaborates the basic characteristics and applicable conditions of different open sharing modes. Finally, based on the in-depth analysis of the above modes, the implications for promoting the open sharing of large-scale scientific facilities in China are discussed.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Located in the Wumeng Mountain region of southern China, encompassed with vast range of stretching between Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan Provinces, Shuicheng, Guizhou Province, has long been plagued by karst landscapes, rocky desertification along with the poverty that comes with it. It used to be a national key county for poverty alleviation and development, and by the end of 2016, its poverty incidence rate still was 18.9%. As the designated support organization of Shuicheng, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), during the battle against poverty, making use of the local ecological environment and resource, and its industrial foundation, promoted a large number of scientific and technological achievements transformation, and helped Shuicheng build characteristic industries in accordance with local conditions, which helped remove Shuicheng from the poverty county list in March 2020 successfully. In 2020, Shuicheng stepped on the road towards rural vitalization. CAS will continue to help Shuicheng upgrade its industries in a scientific way, improve its quality and efficiency, so that the county can go well on the road to vitalization.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The current international situation is complicated and unstable, and China is in the midst of an important economic transition as it deals with the twin concerns of energy security and carbon peaking and carbon neutrality (referred to as dual carbon goals). Although the dual carbon goals aim a strong emphasis on energy security, certain emission reduction strategies will place restrictions on energy security that is directly connected, such as energy supply and grid load, making it challenging to simultaneously fulfill the optimization goal. China now has the task of figuring out how to rationalize and optimize the coordinated promotion of the two. Electric vehicles are one of the most effective ways to attain both sides and reduce the tension between energy security and dual carbon goals since they offer numerous advantages in terms of energy savings, energy storage, and emission reduction. This study suggests creating a bilateral integration and coordination system guaranteed by the policy network and based on energy storage technology by first reducing policy inconsistencies; giving the electric vehicle industry’s guarantee role full play in creating a network of suitable policies; increasing the energy storage role of electric vehicles as they stand; and creating a system of bilateral integration and coordination with joint policy and technology.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In today’s rapidly advancing technological landscape, science communication is closely intertwined with technological innovation, serving as a crucial element in influencing a country’s technological competitiveness and competing for the global scientific and technological discourse. This study delves into the historical context of science communication and the theoretical research and paradigm shifts surrounding it. It explores the symbiotic relationship between science communication and technological innovation, uncovering the mechanisms of their interactions. On this basis, the study examines exemplary practices in promoting science communication in major developed countries. In light of China’s current state of science communication, tentative strategies are proposed to enhance the nation’s endeavors in the realm of science communication.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Strengthening the collaborative innovation of various innovation actors is an effective way to implement the national strategy of achieving a high level of scientific and technological self-reliance. China needs to learn from the mature countries when in the important period of promoting and developing the collaborative innovation among actors. Based on reviewing the concepts and organizational modes of collaborative innovation in the literature, this work carries out a case study of Germany’s four major public research institutes and finds five collaborative innovation organizational modes: project-type, integrated-type, alliance-type, platformtype and network-type. Then, the study analyzes and summarizes the characteristics, the advantages, and the suitable application situation of the different modes from the perspectives of the innovation objectives, the collaborative actors, the organizational mechanisms, the investment way, the government’s role, the collaborative effectiveness, etc. Policy enlightenment is proposed in the conclusion.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The EU Natura 2000 protected area network, covering nearly 19% of the land and 10% of the sea in the EU, has played an important role in protecting biodiversity and enhancing regional socio-economic well-being, and is regarded as the most successful protected area network in the world. Its successful experience is mainly reflected in five aspects. (1) The adoption of regional biodiversity conservation legislation and the promotion of compliance with the law by member countries to promote the construction of the protected area network. (2) The establishment of a decision-making and implementation mechanism that combines the EU resolution process and the participation of multiple subjects in the whole process, which enhances the scientificity of decision-making and the enthusiasm of all relevant subjects to participate. (3) The promoting strategic planning based on a holistic perspective to improve the connectivity and rational spatial layout of the protected area network. (4) The coordinating development goals, developing multi-channel funding sources, and promoting the formulation of scientific management plans for protected areas with a funding application and assessment system. And (5) the recording and disclosing protected area site data to help scientific research and management model innovation. These experiences have important implications for the selection of global biodiversity cooperative governance paths and models, China’s leadership in promoting the formulation of global biodiversity governance strategies and policies, and the construction and optimization of China’s protected areas system with national parks as the mainstay.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： China’s national park reform has entered a new stage of promoting reform based on the protected area system. The national park team of the second comprehensive scientific investigation and research on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) took the lead in putting forward the construction plan of the TP protected area, which is dominated by national park in area and function. The TP national park group, including “small group” which refer to national park, and “large group” which refer to different protected areas, innovates the long-term mechanism for the construction of national ecological security barriers on TP. The national park group requires the overall management of the group. Nevertheless, there are still problems on TP, not only within a single national park, but also among national parks and between national park and other protected areas. In line with the new requirements of the reform of the national park, and focusing on the problems of TP protected area system, it is needed to accelerate the establishment of a trans provincial management system led by the central government of the TP national park group, and improve the relevant supporting systems at the same time, such as the establishment of national park and the guarantee of financial funds. It is also necessary to coordinate the multiple objectives of ecological protection and driving the synchronous modernization of local herdsmen. The vast number of herdsmen should participate the management and operation and become the continuous beneficiaries and active supporters of the national park group.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： National parks are multi-factor, multi-functional and multi-dimensional complexes, which makes them difficult to follow the traditional administration and management modes, and need to explore the construction of a modernized governance system. An important step in enhancing the effectiveness of governance is to establish a reasonable, and efficient scientific decision-making and consultation mechanism. China has made remarkable progress in scientific decision-making and consultation in national parks. However, there are still some problems with the national parks’ decision-making process and effectiveness due to vague definition of authority and responsibility, dependence on departmentalized management paths, and inadequate upward and downward transmission of information between decision-making and consultation, etc. This study draws on the operational experience of decision-making advisory mechanisms of national parks in the United States and France under different systems of centralized governance and polycentric governance, and analyzes the key components of clarifying the boundaries of authority and responsibility of decisionmaking advisory bodies of national parks in China. According to the degree of potential ecological and environmental impact, the degree of potential social impact and the realistic constraints of decision implementation, this study proposes that 26 decision contents, such as the formulation of national park laws and regulations and administrative regulations, need to give scientific experts the right to support the decision making in depth or even a veto, while 19 decision contents, such as the establishment of the boundary between central and local authority and responsibility, need to initiate a multi-party demonstration mechanism. This study also proposes countermeasures for disciplinary coordination, linkage and coordination, and institutional regulation of decision-making consultation.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Improving the governance system of national parks is an inevitable requirement for China’s high-quality construction of the world’s largest national park system. This study analyzes the main challenges and problems faced by China’s national park governance based on long-term investigation on national parks and national park system pilot areas. Under the overall logic of modernization of China’s national governance system and governance capabilities, drawing on international experiences in sound governance of regional and watershed public goods and national parks, this study proposes a theoretical framework for establishing a “four in one” national park governance system in China, including a comprehensive decision-making mechanism, a management and execution mechanism, a scientific decision-making and consultation mechanism, and a social participation mechanism. On this basis, five suggestions are proposed to deepen the reform of the national park governance system. (1) Establish a coordinated decisionmaking mechanism to solve the coordination difficulties faced by national park construction. (2) Deepen the reform of the management system, establish a government governance system for national parks with clear responsibilities and legal administration. (3) Improve the institutional system of multi-party participation throughout the entire process to promote collaboration and broad participation in national park system construction. (4) Improve scientific decision-making and consultation mechanisms to ensure scientific, democratic and lawful decision-making. (5) Expand the scope of spatial governance in national parks, promote green development in the surrounding areas of national parks, and establish harmonious relationships between national parks and local governments.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The measurement of national science and technology competitiveness helps to describe the international competition pattern, and to provide decision-making reference for future-oriented science and technology policy and strategy formulation. From the perspective of input-process-output, the study proposes a three-dimensional measurement framework of potential-efficiency-strength for national science and technology competitiveness and realizes a multi-dimensional comprehensive measurement of national science and technology competitiveness, which takes the differences in both scale and efficiency into account. Based on The Report on National Science and Technology Competitiveness 2023, the study measures the national science and technology competitiveness of 34 major countries in the world and focuses on the evolution trend of national science and technology competitiveness of 11 countries including China from 2011 to 2022. On this basis, the science and technology competitiveness of 34 countries is further classified and analyzed from the three dimensions of science and technology competitiveness potential, science and technology competitiveness effectiveness, and science and technology competitiveness strength, so as to describe the technological competition pattern of 34 countries and reveal the status quo of China’s science and technology competitiveness. The research has found that the growth rate of China’s science and technology competitiveness has gradually slowed down in recent years, shifting towards a stage of steady growth. However, there is still significant room for improvement compared to leading countries. Among them, the level of China’s science and technology competitiveness strength is relatively high, but the indicators that reflect the quality of China’s technological output are still far from those of major technological powers. China’s science and technology competitiveness potential has improved but the level of intensity indicators is still lower than those of main technological powers. The significant decrease in the science and technology competitiveness effectiveness compared to major technological powers is the main factor restricting the improvement of China’s science and technology competitiveness. Finally, this study puts forward suggestions to improve China’s science and technology competitiveness.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In the era of digital economy, open source innovation has become the stimulator of innovation vitality, and is becoming an important source of high-quality supply of digital public goods. This study focuses on the importance of promoting the open source of state-funded scientific research projects, and summarizes the practical experience and policy measures of major countries and regions in the world on the open source of state-funded scientific research projects. It is also emphasized that the challenges of promoting the open source of state-funded scientific research projects in China. Suggestions for promoting the establishment of an open source mechanism of scientific research achievements are presented in this paper.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： This study systematically summarizes the reports and speeches of the S70th Xiangshan Science Conferences on the theme of “Strategic Research on Information Technology Promoting the National Governance Modernization” and summarizes the consensus of the conference in the following three aspects. (1) Important progress and achievements have been made in the four typical areas, i.e., smart justice, internet governance, data governance, and emergency management. (2) Using information technology to promote the modernization of national governance is confronted with unprecedented opportunities and challenges. And (3) it is necessary to take a series of effective measures to promote information technology to facilitate the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity from the top-level design.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In May 2013, with the release of the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) as a symbol, the reform of international research evaluation began. Over the past decade, the reform of international research evaluation has undergone extensive theoretical preparation and initiatives, and is now moving towards practice. More than 350 institutions from over 40 countries have signed agreements to reform research evaluation and carried out pilot reforms, with initial results. This study systematically summarizes and analyzes the ten-year reform of international research evaluation in three aspects: reform goals, measures, and cases. From the perspective of comparing with China’s research evaluation reform, research conclusions and inspirations are drawn.
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