Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-12-06 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract： We conducted a test using the popular science telescope, Sky-Watcher 150PDS, and the amateur-grade ZWO ASI120MM-S CMOS camera to explore the feasibility of using popular science equipment for professional astronomical observation and scientific research. Initially, we evaluated the basic performance and parameter curves of the CMOS camera, which met the fundamental requirements for professional astronomical observation. Subsequently, we installed the CMOS camera on the Sky-Watcher telescope and performed basic astronomical observations at the Xinglong Observatory, NAOC. We observed the open cluster M35 and the short-period variable star V∗V2455 Cyg, while acquiring the necessary photometric auxiliary images (bias and flat). The acquired data underwent professional astronomical image processing techniques, including astrometric calibration, aperture photometry, and flux calibration. This allowed us to obtain the photometric data, light curve, and performed a simple period analysis for the observed targets. By comparing our photometric results with known star catalogs, we determined that the photometric precision of our system exceeded 0.02 mag, with a differential photometric precision of approximately 0.005 mag. These results demonstrate the capability of popular science telescopes and CMOS cameras for conducting astronomical observations and research. Consequently, this opens opportunities for primary and secondary school students as well as astronomy enthusiasts to actively participate in astronomical scientific observation and research.
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract： The magnetic imager of ground-based solar telescope will be affected by atmospheric turbulence during polarimetry, resulting in inaccurate measurement results. By synchronously detecting the wavefront aberration, and to use deconvolution reconstruction of the sun′s narrow band polarization image, the poor photons problem caused by the narrow band filter can be overcome. The high-resolution image reconstruction algorithm is applied to the reconstruction of the sun′s polarized image. During the reconstruction process, inaccurate wavefront sensing result can lead to I crosstalk between the reconstructed polarization image and the real polarization signal, resulting in certain difference. To study the impact of wavefront sensing accuracy on polarization image reconstruction accuracy during the reduction, a simulation model is established in this paper to study the I crosstalk of polarimetry results under different seeing and wavefront sensing accuracy. The results indicate that the reconstruction quality of polarized images is positively correlated with the accuracy of wavefront sensing. Under certain conditions, increasing the number of frames used for image reconstruction and reducing image resolution can also reduce the I→QUV crosstalk.
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-10-18 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract： Type II radio bursts are the best tracers of Coronal Mass Ejections (CME). The coronal or interplanetary shocks are generated along with a dramatic effect on the Earth′s magnetosphere, when CME exceed the local Alfin velocity. The detection of type II radio bursts in the radio band manifests the generation of coronal shock waves. The prediction of the arrival time of shock waves to the Earth is essential to the space weather prediction. Type II radio burst was detected for the first time by Qitai low frequency (Qitai LFRA) at around 06:20 UT on September 28, 2021, with a frequency coverage of 18-50 MHz and a duration of more than 10 minutes. Since virtually no observation with effective spatial resolution have been made at extremely low frequency (<40 MHz) band, there is a great possibility to discover unknown phenomena at this band in future. Our observation shows that Qitai LFRA has good performance (Typical gain: 6 dBi) and high sensitivity(-78 dBm/125 kHz, DR: 72 dB), and can play a unique role in the 25th annual solar activity peak.
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2021-11-12 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract： 恒星耀发是剧烈的恒星活动过程，对恒星周围的行星上的大气构成和生命演化有重大影响。恒星耀发的辐射主要分布在光学和X射线波段，其中耀发时X射线波段流量可以增大数十倍至数百倍。M型耀星是最有可能存在类地行星的宿主恒星，因此研究M型耀星的X射线耀发分布对寻找宜居的类地行星具有重要意义，并且也可以为即将发射的爱因斯坦探针卫星项目（EP）对恒星耀发的探测数目估计提供参考。我们利用X 射线全天监视器MAXI的巡天监测数据研究了M型耀星AT Mic的 X 射线耀发的统计性质。从 MAXI11年的巡天数据中，通过分析图像、光变曲线和能谱数据和信息，发现 MAXI在 11 年间 一共探测到 10 次信噪比大于 3的耀发，获得了耀发光度的统计分布。在此基础上，我们对恒星耀发的耀发频率进行了估计。
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2020-08-18 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract：随着啁啾脉冲放大技术(Chirped Pulse Amplification，CPA)的飞速发展，激光功率密度实现了飞跃式的提升，这使得利用短脉冲激光开展实验室天体物理研究的条件日趋成熟。短脉冲激光与靶相互作用可以产生相对论粒子(正负电子、质子、中子等)和高能电磁辐射(X射线、γ射线)，这些粒子和辐射的产生过程与天体中的某些物理现象相对应。本文介绍了利用短脉冲激光开展实验室天体物理方面的研究进展，重点对核天体物理、空心离子光谱学、相对论无碰撞冲击波，以及等离子体状态诊断等方面进行介绍。
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2020-04-20 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract：分子谱线可以在射电频谱上显现，但是采用离散数字功率谱分析算法会引入离散误差，难以获得分子谱线准确的频谱信息。针对射电频谱上离散数字功率谱分析中带来的频率偏移问题进行比值校正法研究和处理。该方法是频谱矫正方法的一种，特点在于算法简单，方便快捷。利用射频信号相同、分辨率不同和不同射频信号、不同分辨率情况下，归一化频率偏移量的变化确定该方法的校正效果，最终实现了射频为80.0MHz，141.8MHz和270.8MHz的频谱校正，提高了相应的频谱分辨率可达7.5Hz/channel。通过实验结果对比，确定了测试系统的最佳频率分辨率为50Hz/Channel或200Hz/channel。
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2020-04-20 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract： 大天区面积多目标光纤光谱天文望远镜（Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopy Telescope，LAMOST，又叫郭守镜望远镜）巡天项目提供了海量恒星光谱数据，DR5数据集中包含大量A型星谱线指数和有效温度的信息。机器学习算法例如可以发掘数据底层相互关系的神经网络模型广泛运用于多个学科。通过使用DR5数据集中的A型星19种谱线指数和有效温度数据，通过主成分分析法，给出了每种谱线指数占整个数据信息的百分比，并以此为基础，选取与有效温度关系最紧密的12种谱线指数数据，利用有效温度误差小于100K的数据训练得到有效温度的神经网络回归模型。模型在测试数据集上整体表现较好，程序给出的决定系数R^2为0.904，平均绝对误差为58.38K。对比相关研究的模型，测量准确度有了明显提升。此外，通过建立模型，对有效温度误差大于100K的原始数据重新进行测量，得到的有效温度数据绝对误差的平均值有了明显下降；同时 DR5数据集中A5型恒星数据缺少有效温度参数，通过模型的测量，对这一部分数据进行了补充，提供了一定程度的参考意义。
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2019-11-13 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract： 随着Docker技术的快速发展和越来越多被用于天文软件应用程序的部署，如何理解容器技术，将容器技术运用到天文软件开发测试工作中，成为每一个相关从业人员应该思考和快速掌握的核心虚拟化技术。文章通过对Docker技术在天文数据档案库系统测试中的应用，实现对科学数据产品长期存档与数据产品查询检索，支持各级数据产品、工程数据、标定数据、辅助数据的管理，测试科学数据产品存储、检索、提取、维护、分析、控制功能，指出在传统软件环境部署及测试中，天文软件环境复杂且运行时依赖较多第三方库支持，测试中耗费大量时间定位软件缺陷重现测试环境，介绍Docker技术在天文数据档案库系统测试应用中带来的优势和重要性，实现测试环境标准化、测试数据隔离性、测试功能扩展性，提高测试工作效率。同时也为容器技术在其它天文软件测试与应用提供借鉴参考。
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