Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Legal supervision plays an important role in the national governance system and capacity. In the era of digital revolution, the rapid development of digital procuratorial work with big data legal supervision as the core promotes to reshape the legal supervision and governance system. In this study, the inherent need of legal supervision for active prosecution in the new era, and the innovative role of new public interest litigation in comprehensive social governance, are firstly analyzed. Then, the core meaning and reshaping role of big-data-enabling-legal#2;supervision and supervision-promoting-national-governance of digitalprosecution are discussed. After summarizing the practical experiences and challenges of big data enabling legal supervision worldwide, several countermeasures and suggestions for enabling legal supervision by using new big data technologies are proposed, that is, on the basis of improving the efficient work promotion mechanism, to establish a big data sharing mechanism with procuratorial characteristics, to enhance the supply capacity of sustainable digital procuratorial science and technology, and to form a unified and open model for the development of big data legal supervision.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In recent years, with the rapid development of various types of sensing technology, humans have achieved unprecedented high-frequency monitoring of various types of urban data. The collection, aggregation, sharing, management, integration, analysis, application and service of multi-source data can effectively reduce the energy consumption of urban resources and improve the efficiency of urban management. It becomes the core concern of urban managers and the public. Taking the construction and related applications of the spatial information common platform of Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city as an example, this paper systematically introduces the core role of the spatial information common platform in the construction of smart cities. Furthermore, the urban data system and the aggregation, collating and fusion is elaborated. Based on this common platform and these multi-source urban data, a set of single-index and comprehensive-index urban pulsation analysis methods are proposed. Finally, the future development directions of smart city practice in data sharing, analysis and application services are prospected.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： How to develop the west of China and how to balance the development between the east and the west of China is a long#2;standing topic. More than 80 years ago, Mr. Hu Huanyong researched population distribution and agricultural regional development based on China’s traditional agriculture and the sharp contradiction between 450 million people and arable land at that time. Today, what we call the development of the west is by no means the issue of the traditional agricultural planting industry, but the issue of how to put forward new business forms and new high-quality developments that are suitable to the western region under the national conditions of the new era. This study combines Hu Huanyong Line with Mid-Spine Belt of Beautiful China (MSBBC) and expounds different themes under different times background. Hu Huanyong Line is a reflection of the characteristics of the sudden change of population density dividing line in modern China as a traditional agricultural country. MSBBC is the strategic need of the new land space planning with high-quality development in the contemporary new era, and is the strategic move to reduce the imbalance of development between the east half and the west half. The study puts forward the following suggestions: (1) Taking the MSBBC as the pioneer and demonstration belt of new infrastructure construction; (2) Taking the MSBBC as an important part of the unified and differentiated strategic planning for constructing a new developing pattern; (3) Building the MSBBC into a hub channel of internal and external circulation; (4) Building the MSBBC into an ecological security barrier belt, a national defense security belt, and a new livable living area; (5) Constructing the MSBBC into a new type of urbanization development mode; (6) Connecting the development strategy of the MSBBC with other national strategies to help realize the dream of Chinese rejuvenation.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Big data driven data-intensive scientific discovery, and the Big Earth Data is the base and engine of Earth system science. Based on observation of natural geographical elements on different scales and acquisition of data, and the data obtained during the interdisciplinary research processes, integration and mining analysis will promote the development of Earth science to achieve significant innovation. The Big Earth Data has also become the important national strategic resources, and exerted influence on international cooperation and diplomatic relationship. In this study by means of literature metrology, the Big Earth Data literature from the Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) was analyzed. According to the global paper output quantity, the influence of countries and institutions, research topic, research hotspot change, international cooperation, and so on, present situation of the Big Earth Data research was revealed. Some suggestions in the future will focus on sharing and integration of developing interdisciplinary Big Earth Data, and in order to improve the Earth science data depth mining theory and method, and to realize analysis, modeling and prediction of complex Earth system, and to support and serve global change and sustainable development.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Uneven progresses have been widely detected among goals or regions in global sustainable development, which are ascribed to the heterogeneous resource and environmental conditions and trade-offs among goals. In-depth understanding and efforts to reduce such uneven progresses are essential for the holistic achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). This study discusses how bBig Earth Data supports the assessment of the even development among targets and regions by pointing out its advantages in providing high-frequency and more timely data products with higher spatial resolution for the currently poorly achieved SDGs regarding essential human needs and environmental protection. Moreover, the Big Earth Data brings deeper insights into the pattern and cause of the uneven development and disentangles the core issues that restrict the holistic achievement of SDGs.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are an important guide for different countries and regions to achieve sustainable economic, social, and environmental developments. They include 17 goals and 169 specific targets. The interactions among the goals can be manifested as synergy or trade-off; that is, implementing one or more goals may positively or negatively affect other goals. At present, important progress has been made in the monitoring and evaluation of individual goals. However, our understanding of the synergies and trade-offs among multiple SDGs is still limited. Firstly, this paper describes the current progress in the synergy and trade-offs of SDGs from three aspects: comprehensive analyses of all the SDGs, thematic analyses of few relevant SDGs, and the relationship of the specific indicators under certain SDG. Secondly, in view of the data bottleneck in the current studies, combined with the latest progress of the Big Earth Data, this paper showcases the typical scenarios of the Big Earth Data supporting studies of the synergy and trade-off of SDGs. Thirdly, the Big Earth Data’s potential and future research prospects on the synergies and trade-offs of SDGs are proposed. This study shows that SDG synergy and trade-off analyses have experienced three stages: a semiquantitative evaluation based on expert knowledge, correlation analyses based on statistical data, and quantitative analyses based on the Big Earth Data. Different data sources from different countries could lead to varying results, and the Big Earth Data plays a vital role in promoting data consistency and transparency between countries. Therefore, it provides crucial support for the understanding of synergies and trade-offs of SDGs. The purpose of this study is to summarize the latest progress of synergy and trade-off studies of SDGs, which has received less attention in SDG-related research, and to support decision making for realizing the economic, environmental, and social goals together.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The health and safety of marine ecosystems are directly related to the health and well-being of all mankind. Factors such as insufficient effective monitoring data and lack of scientific decision-making information have affected the smooth implementation of the marine sustainable development goals (SDG 14) to a certain extent. Big Earth Data possesses macroscopic, dynamic and objective monitoring capabilities, and can play an important role in supporting the realization of the sustainable development goals of the ocean. With the support of the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and based on technologies and methods related to Big Earth Data, China has effectively carried out specific practices such as the production of missing ocean data sets and the construction of target localization models. Based on the above analysis, the study puts forward suggestions such as actively participating in the sharing of Big Earth Data in the international community, strengthening the drive of scientific and technological innovation in the realization of sustainable marine development goals, and deep participation in the United Nations Ocean Governance Plan.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Big Earth Data for UN Sustainable Development Goals: Climate Change and Action
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： DG 11—sustainable cities and communities is central to achieving all 17 SDGs. However, the lack of data is the main challenge for monitoring and assessing SDG 11 indicators. As an important aspect of technological innovation and big data, Big Earth Data can offer a new key to generate knowledge about the Earth, playing a major role in promoting sustainable development. In this research, we conducted many practical cases to monitor the progress of SDG indicators centered on urban sustainable development, and focused on 6 main themes about urban development, including urban housing, urban public transportation, urbanization, disaster prevention & mitigation, air pollution, and open public space. Based on the above analysis, this study summarizes the challenges for realization of SDG 11. Finally, in order to achieve the SDG 11, we propose some suggestions and actions, including building a sustainable development big data information platform, strengthening the leverage of science and technology in the realization of SDG 11, actively carrying out SDG 11 comprehensive application demonstration, and strengthening scientific and technological cooperation between relevant institutions at home and abroad.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Clean water and sanitation (SDG 6) is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, but so far, the world is not on the right track to achieve SDG 6 targets. In order to change this situation and lead the world to achieve the goal of sustainable water resources management, the United Nations initiated the SDG 6 global acceleration framework including financing, data and information, capacity development, innovation, and governance. From the perspective of data and information that serving SDG 6 target monitoring and evaluation, this study analyzes the current global data progress, the role of Big Earth Data, technology, and the integrated application in SDG 6 target monitoring and evaluation. The study summarizes two problems in the global SDG 6 monitoring and evaluation: 1) There is still a lack of sustainably provided high-precision indicator monitoring data set. 2) Lack of operational system integrating data acquisition, indicator calculation and target evaluation. On this basis, the study proposes to establish standardized statistical forms and technical guidelines, to build a system platform for the monitoring and evaluation of all the SDG 6 targets and indicators.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In 2015, the United Nations adopted the Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, in which land degradation neutrality (LDN) is one of the important targets of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 15.3). However, due to varies indicative symptoms of land degradation in different climatic/geographical zones and land use types, the complexity of factors affecting land degradation or improvement, and the limits of spatial and temporal scope to define land degradation, for a long time, there was lack of common accepted methodology to identify land degradation, and short of key data set to establish reference baselines, and measure progress of SDG 15.3, which hinders the realization of SDG 15.3 by 2030. As a typical representative of a data-intensive scientific paradigm, Big Earth Data provides the possibility to solve this data gap. Focusing on two important aspects of SDG 15.3 reporting, namely baseline determination and progress monitoring, this article introduces the key challenges we faced, the potential of Big Earth Data and the practices we have taken. Finally, the prospects for harnessing Big Earth Data to facilitate SDG 15.3 in the future are outlined.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Ensuring food security is a fundamental issue for global sustainable development. Sustainable food production is the basis for food security and an effective approach to address global challenges such as climate change, land degradation, and ecological degradation. At present, there is a data gap in the monitoring and assessment of the sustainability of food production, and the supporting role of the Big Earth Data is increasingly prominent. This paper summarizes the current practice of Big Earth Data in support of sustainable food production, including the role of Earth observation technology in the monitoring of various elements of food production system, and the application of multi-source data fusion in the monitoring of comprehensive food production system and the assessment of the sustainability of food production. Based on the review, according the framework of four levers for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), we promote two suggestions for future development on Big Earth Data in support of sustainable food production: (1) integrating Big Earth Data with multidisciplinary models to promote knowledge discovery thus supporting governance, and (2) integrating Big Earth Data with technological innovation to build intelligent agriculture for on farm sustainable food production system.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In 2015, the United Nations adopted 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) to guide the economic, social, and environmental aspects of development. However, several factors have constrained the implementation of the SDGs, including uneven development, lack of data, and the interconnection and mutual restriction between the goals. In particular, the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 exacerbated the challenges faced by countries in implementing SDGs. This study focuses on the need to improve data services for SDGs in order to strengthen scientific research on monitoring and evaluating SDG indicators. We advocate for a scientific think tank that guides technological innovation for sustainable development and provides suggestions on education and training for developing countries that warrant serious consideration for rapid and meaningful sustained progress in the future. This paper highlights research on improving SDG monitoring and evaluation of SDGs carried out under the Big Earth Data Science Engineering Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the progress made in the development of the big data information platform for SDGs, and the monitoring and evaluation of SDG indicators. Further, the paper introduces the sustainable development scientific satellite due to launch in October 2021, a first of its kind in a series of satellites and the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals (CBAS), which is being established to strengthen national and international efforts through improved scientific support driven by innovative big data solutions for SDGs.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The area of grassland in China is about 392.8 million hm2, covering 40.9% of land surface of China. Grasslands not only serve as important green barriers for national ecological security but also as basic means of production for local farmers and herders. However, the grasslands in China have been unevenly deteriorating since 1980s in large areas. To date, the overall condition of grasslands in China remains worsening, with some area getting better. Such a situation severely constrains the developments of ecological civilization and social economy in China. Here, we analyze the current state and issues in grassland restoration and conservation and suggest some countermeasures, aiming to restore, conserve, and sustainably use the grasslands in China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In the context of global climate change, heat waves, extreme precipitation, extreme droughts and storm surges have increased in most areas of the Belt and Road, which seriously threatens the personal and property safety of countries along the Belt and Road. This study focuses on dealing with the issues associated with the risk identification and assessment of extreme climate events in the “Belt and Road” region, including the coarse or single assessment scale and weak response strategies. It develops a multi-scale extreme climate risk assessment framework, and completes the risk assessment of four representative extreme climate events including heat waves, extreme precipitation, extreme droughts, and storm surges at three scales of 1 km, 100 m, and 10 m. The risk assessment results reveal the spatial distribution, temporal dynamics, and major influencing factors of the 4 types of extreme climate risks in the Belt and Road region. The better understanding of these can provide scientific support for more reasonable and effective response to disasters, reduction and transfer of risks, and reduction of personal and property losses.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Remote sensing of cryosphere, as an important branch of cryospheric science, is a new interdiscipline, involving the knowledge of both cryospheric science and remote sensing techniques. This paper overviews the objects and basic methods of cryospheric remote sensing, introduces the progresses by using representative case studies, and especially, describes the research status of Chinese cryospheric remote sensing. Finally, we propose several recommendations for the development of remote sensing of cryosphere. In particular, we discuss the potential paths to the scientific programme of Earth’s three poles.
Subjects: Electronics and Communication Technology >> Information Processing submitted time 2021-09-10
Abstract： The geostationary optical remote sensing satellite has the advantages of high temporal resolution and wide coverage, which can continuously track and observe ship targets on the sea in a large range. However, the ship targets in geostationary satellite remote sensing image are usually small and weak, and are easily affected by cloud, island and other factors, which brings great difficulty to the detection of ship targets. This paper proposes a new method for detecting ships moving on the sea surface from geostationary optical remote sensing images: Firstly, the adaptive nonlinear gray stretch (ANGS) method is used to enhance the image to highlight the small and weak ship targets. Secondly, a multi-scale dual-neighbor difference contrast measure (MDDCM) method is designed to detect the position of the candidate ship target. Then, the shape characteristics of each candidate area is analyzed to remove false ship targets. Finally, the joint probability data association (JPDA) method is used for multi-frame data association and tracking. Experiments show that the proposed method can effectively detect and track moving ship targets in GF-4 satellite optical remote sensing images, and the method has better detection performance compared with other classical methods. "
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2020-06-19 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：利用遥感、水文、气象、统计年鉴等数据，基于水量平衡原理建立以生态耗水为主要水资源约束条件的耕地适宜规模模型，以渭干河流域为研究对象，估算1990—2017年4期耕地适宜面积并评价其开发潜力。结果表明：① 1990—2017年渭干河流域耕地面积持续增加，其转化来源以灌木林、草地为主。② 流域水源主要来自地表径流与可利用降水，流域耗水以生态耗水为主。③ 来水量、作物种植结构与节水灌溉是影响适宜耕地面积估算的主要因素。④ 1990年耕地达到相对饱和状态；2000年耕地水平不稳定，其扩张影响生态环境的平衡；随着作物种植结构调整与节水灌溉普及，2010、2017年实际耕地面积远小于其当年来水量下适宜耕地面积，未来耕地具有较大开发潜力。
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