Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Micro-organisms such as bacteria, archaea, and viruses are an immense invisible driving force behind the ocean carbon cycle and play a pivotal role in global climate change. Atmospheric CO2 is transformed into depositing organic components with the help of marine planktonic organisms which act as a biological pump (BP). The labile organic components are then transformed into recalcitrant organic carbon (RDOC) through the action of bacteria, archaea, and other organisms and viruses, which are called the microbial carbon pump (MCP). RDOC can be stored over thousands of years in the water column and the accompanying particulate organic matter can further settle on the seafloor and be transformed into carbonate minerals (carbonate carbon pump, CCP) by the action of benthic microorganisms for storage over a longer time period. Based on a full understanding of marine microbial processes and mechanisms, this article explains the principles and advantages of carbon sequestration and carbon storage integrated with BP, MCP, and CCP by using an eco-engineering approach to develop ocean negative emission strategies. The engineering feasibility plan, facilitated with artificial intelligence measures, provides a theoretical basis and experimental scenario that can be monitored, reported, and verified for ocean carbon storage. The implementation of this plan will provide valuable information for achieving the important goal of carbon neutrality by 2060.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Coral reefs are one of the most productive, and yet most vulnerable marine ecosystems. The global decline of coral reefs induced by climate change and human activities has already affected the processes of coral calcification and carbon cycling in the reef ecosystem, intensifying the long-standing CO2 “source-sink” debate over coral reefs. Despite the fact that coral calcification is accompanied by the release of CO2 to the atmosphere, the significance of coral reefs as a carbon sink cannot be ignored, given the complex biogeochemical processes in the reef ecosystem and the characteristic mixotrophic lifestyle of the reef-building corals. From the perspective of increasing coral resilience to climate change, this study attempts to clarify the controversy over the coral reef CO2 “source-sink” debate, explore the possible ecological regulations and pathways to transform coral reefs from a carbon source to a carbon sink, and provide theoretical framework and technical support for the deployment of ocean negative carbon emissions and the implementation of the national carbon neutrality strategy.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Reducing CO2 emissions and increasing carbon sinks are basic approaches to achieve carbon neutralization in China. China is the largest mariculture country in the world. China’s mariculture industry is dominated by non-fed culture type and characterized by rich species, diverse nutrition levels, and advanced farming technology. Therefore, mariculture has huge potential for the development of ocean negative carbon emissions (ONCE). However, the ONCE process of bivalves and seaweed farming is complicated, and the scientific principles, process, mechanisms, monitoring and evaluating methods, and approaches of increasing carbon sink are gradually being recognized and yet to be resolved. This study discusses the research progress of fishery carbon sink, existing problems and possible impact of global climate change on ONCE of mariculture. It then proposes technological approachs and policy suggestions to implement ONCE , which include expanding mariculture space and increaseing unit yield, green development of mariculture based on carrying capacity regulatory regime, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, blue carbon engineering of ocean ranching, and marine artificial upwelling.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Coastal wetlands are the main body of the coastal “blue carbon (C)” ecosystem, and their “blue C” and ecosystem service function are important ocean-based climate change governance methods, which is a “nature-based solution”. Chinese coastal wetlands are dominated by salt marshes, with little area of mangroves, while the area of unvegetated tidal flats is large. According to conservative estimation, the current C sequestration of coastal wetlands through sediment burial in China reaches to 0.97 Tg C·a−1, and would increase to 1.82–3.64 Tg C·a−1 at the end of this century. To achieve the commitment of “Cneutrality” in 2060, China should strengthen scientific research on coastal wetlands, protect the integrity of the structure and function of the existing coastal wetland ecosystems, stop destructive coastal wetlands development activities, and actively and steadily promote the ecological restoration of coastal wetlands, restore and enhance its “blue C” function, and benefit from C sink gains while protecting the nature.
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