Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2024-05-18 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The low carbon transition pathway is a series of goals, technologies, fundings, policies, and other integrated driven system action roadmap. With the deepening of society’s understanding of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, China’s dual-carbon faces the challenge of systemic advancement of comprehensive deepening implementation. The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China once again emphasized that achieving the dual-carbon goal will bring about extensive and profound economic and social systemic changes, and pointed out that based on China’s energy endowment, we should adhere to first establishment and then phaseout and implement the carbon peaking actions in a planned and step-by-step manner. China’s low-carbon transition has made a series of new progress, and the planning for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality “1+N” policy framework, which aims to implement the tasks of the dual-carbon target in a comprehensive manner, has been basically completed. At the same time, it is necessary to recognize the long-term and arduous nature of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, for which the pathway and policies need to be constantly and dynamically adjusted according to the domestic and international situation. The study summarizes the new achievements of lowcarbon transition under the guidance of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality target and the “1+N” policy framework, and analyzes the transition needs and challenges faced. Finally, it puts forward several suggestions for systematically promoting the deepening implementation of the dual-carbon strategy in terms of economic system, energy system, territorial spatial pattern, building and transportation system, consumption pattern, technological innovation, financial system, trade and supply chain, governance system, and international cooperation.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-05-18 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Intellectual property security is the main battlefield of national security, and strengthening intellectual property security review is an important measure to protect national security and improve intellectual property security protection in the field of intellectual property. In the new era, the security review mechanism of intellectual property rights transfer and its implementation are facing double pressures worldwide, which need to be further adjusted and improved. This study analyzes the institutional games and challenges brought about by the changes in the international situation of intellectual property rights transfer, clarifies the requirements of the current overall national security concept and the strategy of self-reliance and self-reliance in science and technology for intellectual property rights transfer, sorts out many problems existing in the security review mechanism and specific implementation of intellectual property rights transfer, and puts forward the optimization ideas for improving the security review system and implementing the system. In theory, the institutional dilemma of the security review mechanism of intellectual property rights transfer abroad is clarified, which can provide research reference for the security review of intellectual property rights transfer in China in practice.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-05-18 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The open sharing of large-scale scientific facilities plays a pivotal role in the ecosystem of open science. This is of great significance for promoting the development of science and technology, enhancing innovation cooperation, and boosting the overall competitive strength of nations. Starting from two dimensions of resource scarcity and sustainability, this study systematically sorts out four open sharing modes of large-scale scientific facilities: the public and inclusive sharing mode, the market response sharing mode, the intensive guarantee sharing mode, and the Strategic Cooperation Sharing Mode. Through the comparison analysis of four foreign large-scale scientific facilities, the study further elaborates the basic characteristics and applicable conditions of different open sharing modes. Finally, based on the in-depth analysis of the above modes, the implications for promoting the open sharing of large-scale scientific facilities in China are discussed.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The current international situation is complicated and unstable, and China is in the midst of an important economic transition as it deals with the twin concerns of energy security and carbon peaking and carbon neutrality (referred to as dual carbon goals). Although the dual carbon goals aim a strong emphasis on energy security, certain emission reduction strategies will place restrictions on energy security that is directly connected, such as energy supply and grid load, making it challenging to simultaneously fulfill the optimization goal. China now has the task of figuring out how to rationalize and optimize the coordinated promotion of the two. Electric vehicles are one of the most effective ways to attain both sides and reduce the tension between energy security and dual carbon goals since they offer numerous advantages in terms of energy savings, energy storage, and emission reduction. This study suggests creating a bilateral integration and coordination system guaranteed by the policy network and based on energy storage technology by first reducing policy inconsistencies; giving the electric vehicle industry’s guarantee role full play in creating a network of suitable policies; increasing the energy storage role of electric vehicles as they stand; and creating a system of bilateral integration and coordination with joint policy and technology.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Strengthening the collaborative innovation of various innovation actors is an effective way to implement the national strategy of achieving a high level of scientific and technological self-reliance. China needs to learn from the mature countries when in the important period of promoting and developing the collaborative innovation among actors. Based on reviewing the concepts and organizational modes of collaborative innovation in the literature, this work carries out a case study of Germany’s four major public research institutes and finds five collaborative innovation organizational modes: project-type, integrated-type, alliance-type, platformtype and network-type. Then, the study analyzes and summarizes the characteristics, the advantages, and the suitable application situation of the different modes from the perspectives of the innovation objectives, the collaborative actors, the organizational mechanisms, the investment way, the government’s role, the collaborative effectiveness, etc. Policy enlightenment is proposed in the conclusion.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The EU Natura 2000 protected area network, covering nearly 19% of the land and 10% of the sea in the EU, has played an important role in protecting biodiversity and enhancing regional socio-economic well-being, and is regarded as the most successful protected area network in the world. Its successful experience is mainly reflected in five aspects. (1) The adoption of regional biodiversity conservation legislation and the promotion of compliance with the law by member countries to promote the construction of the protected area network. (2) The establishment of a decision-making and implementation mechanism that combines the EU resolution process and the participation of multiple subjects in the whole process, which enhances the scientificity of decision-making and the enthusiasm of all relevant subjects to participate. (3) The promoting strategic planning based on a holistic perspective to improve the connectivity and rational spatial layout of the protected area network. (4) The coordinating development goals, developing multi-channel funding sources, and promoting the formulation of scientific management plans for protected areas with a funding application and assessment system. And (5) the recording and disclosing protected area site data to help scientific research and management model innovation. These experiences have important implications for the selection of global biodiversity cooperative governance paths and models, China’s leadership in promoting the formulation of global biodiversity governance strategies and policies, and the construction and optimization of China’s protected areas system with national parks as the mainstay.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： This study systematically summarizes the reports and speeches of the S70th Xiangshan Science Conferences on the theme of “Strategic Research on Information Technology Promoting the National Governance Modernization” and summarizes the consensus of the conference in the following three aspects. (1) Important progress and achievements have been made in the four typical areas, i.e., smart justice, internet governance, data governance, and emergency management. (2) Using information technology to promote the modernization of national governance is confronted with unprecedented opportunities and challenges. And (3) it is necessary to take a series of effective measures to promote information technology to facilitate the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity from the top-level design.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In May 2013, with the release of the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) as a symbol, the reform of international research evaluation began. Over the past decade, the reform of international research evaluation has undergone extensive theoretical preparation and initiatives, and is now moving towards practice. More than 350 institutions from over 40 countries have signed agreements to reform research evaluation and carried out pilot reforms, with initial results. This study systematically summarizes and analyzes the ten-year reform of international research evaluation in three aspects: reform goals, measures, and cases. From the perspective of comparing with China’s research evaluation reform, research conclusions and inspirations are drawn.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： As an important means of promoting national scientific and technological development, S&T innovation strategy and policy are advancing towards a multidimensional “synergy” among S&T, the economy, society, and the environment, and they need to encompass many internal and external elements of S&T system. Accordingly, an overall S&T policy framework covering key elements and relevant interactions should be constructed. This study proposes “3+5” analytical framework for S&T innovation strategy and policy. Specifically, (1) this study defines the conceptual connotation of “3+5” framework, and puts forward the “design layer” including guiding strategy, planning layout, and institutional arrangement, and the “construction layer” including policy on innovative actor, policy on resource allocation, policy on scientific and technological talents, policy on the transformation of achievements, and policy on research environment; (2) this study describes the logic of “3+5” framework in terms of its role and value dimensions; (3) this study examines China’s strategic layout of scientific and technological innovation, and conducts a policy analysis on the basis of “3+5” framework.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2023-12-04 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Since it was proposed, in vitro human embryo research had been following the 14-day rule, which limited in vitro research on human embryos within 14 days after fertilization. With the advancement in embryo culturing technology, this ethical rule has been greatly challenged. In 2021, the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) recommended a conditional extension of the existing time limit in ISSCR Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, hence the international scientific community has restarted the debate on the 14-day rule. This study systematically analyzed the historical background and controversies of the 14- day rule ethical regulation of human embryo research, as well as revisited the core ethical issues of the moral status, dignity, and legal status of human embryos as research subjects. It also comprehensively examined the attitudes of different stakeholders in responding to the relaxation of current regulations and raised policy agenda and suggestions in extending the time limit of human embryo research.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2023-12-03 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Basic research institutions are a crucial component of China’s strategic scientific and technological strength. Efficient evaluation of their development status is an important part in improving China’s basic research level and achieving sci-tech selfreliance and self-strengthening at higher levels. Therefore, this study takes the top basic research institution the Max Planck Society as an example to explore the evaluation system constructed by it for its affiliated Max Planck Institutes. Firstly, the study summarizes the evaluation content and characteristics of different evaluation stages in the specific evaluation process of the Max Planck Society. Secondly, it compares and analyzes the key evaluation contents of different periods, and explores the changes of the research institute evaluation system. Finally, based on the actual situation in China, suggestions are proposed for the evaluation practice of basic research institutions in China.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2023-12-03 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The industries of the future (IOF) that cater to the new demands and scenarios of economic society significantly rely on breakthroughs in disruptive cutting-edge technologies, therefore, it is crucial to study the demands of future industrial technology development and management in order to make strategic choices for technology. This study finds that the science and technology development of IOF impetus is reflected in three aspects: the supply of science and technology factors, the cultivation of science and technology scenarios, and the assurance of science and technology policies. The development direction depends on breakthroughs in emerging and significant frontier of science and technology, as well as the major demands of economic and social development. This study works on the needs of IOF in four aspects: the macro layout of science and technology development, the pursuit of breakthroughs in frontier technologies, the supply of innovation elements for technological innovation, and the construction of an innovation ecosystem for technological innovation. It summarizes the science and technology development strategic layouts of typical countries, and sort out the current situation and challenges of China’s IOF science and technology development of IOF. Based on this, the study proposes optimizing the layout of China’s science and technology development of IOF from four aspects: strengthening the macro layout of science and technology development of IOF, enhancing the scenario-driven approach to science and technology development of IOF, expanding the supply of innovation elements for science and technology development of IOF, and constructing an innovation ecosystem for science and technology development of IOF.
Subjects: Management Science >> Other Disciplines of Management Science submitted time 2023-08-23 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Strengthening the competitive advantage of manufacturing and promoting its high-quality development are the key points to build a modern industrial system. This study uses international market share (MS), revealed comparative advantage (RCA), trade competition index (TCI), and price index (PI) from 2005 to 2020 to analyze the evolution of manufacturing competitive advantage and its main sources in major countries. The main findings are as follows. China’s labor-intensive industries maintain a strong international competitive advantage, and the international competitive advantage of some capital and technology-intensive industries is increasing. The capital and technology intensive industries in Germany, Japan, and United States have maintained a strong international competitive advantage, but some of them have shown a downward trend. The international competitive advantages of capital and technology-intensive industries such as electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing, special equipment manufacturing in China mainly come from product prices, while those in Germany, Japan, and United States mainly come from technology. Four policy suggestions are presented in this study for strengthening the competitive advantage of manufacturing: promoting technological innovation focusing on industrial basic capabilities; modernizing the manufacturing industry chain, supply chain, and innovation chain; accelerating digital, green, and service transformation; and increasing level of international cooperation and cross-border operations.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2023-08-12 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Different scholars interpret the connotations and characteristics of the “Nationwide System” in quite different ways and fail to reach a consensus about whether some measures that Japan implements to tackle key problems are attributed to a “Nationwide System”. On this basis, the work started with the connotations and characteristics of the “Nationwide System” in the field of science and technology, conducted a case study of measures taken by Japan to tackle key technical problems in the semiconductor technology, and analyzed whether these measures embody relevant characteristics of the “Nationwide System” from an empirical perspective, so as to demonstrate whether there is a “Nationwide System” in the field of science and technology in Japan. Last, its characteristics or relevant experience were summarized, to deepen the study and recognition of the Japanese model for tackling key technical problems in the hope of providing references for promoting and improving the “Nationwide System” in the field of science and technology in China.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2023-08-12 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The purpose of this study is to comprehensively explore the main connotation and important impact of scientific research paradigm change from both theoretical and practical perspectives. On the theoretical level, starting with Kuhn and his The Structures of the Scientific Revolution, this study explores the logical essence of the concept of “paradigm”. At the practical level, through various forms such as questionnaires and interviews, the three connotations of scientific research paradigm change in the new era have been condensed. Namely, solving systematic and complex problems has become the main driving force for scientific research paradigm change in the new era, simulation and data science may become effective breakthroughs in promoting scientific research paradigm change, and organizational innovation in scientific research activities has become the foundation for promoting scientific research paradigm change. On this basis, it analyzes the current problems in China’s response to the transformation of research paradigms, and proposes the corresponding policy recommendations.
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-07-09 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Disruptive technologies have key impact on the path, direction, and international competition pattern of future industrial development, so the forward-looking layout of future industries driven by disruptive technologies is an inevitable choice for China to seize the commanding heights of science and technology and accelerate the construction of a new development pattern. Based on the in-depth analysis of the whole process and whole chain of the United States’ Electronics Resurgence Initiative layout of disruptive technologies and the technology identification mechanism, organization management mechanism, evaluation mechanism, and demonstration application mechanism of cultivating future industries, this study extracts the scientific connotation and key elements of disruptive technologies and future industries, and constructs the research framework of “disruptive technology-driven future industry cultivation model” from the links of “disruptive technology supply-technology industry transformation-technology industry application”. Relevant research findings have key reference significance for China’s cultivation of future industries driven by disruptive technologies. This study proposes that China should establish a long-term and dynamic disruptive technology identification and support mechanism for future industries, further strengthen the marketoriented and multi participation management model and policy design, establish a dynamic comparison and competitive exit mechanism of disruptive technologies with multiple technical routes in parallel, tolerate failures caused by objective factors such as technology research and development and technical routes, form an assessment and evaluation mechanism differentiated from the key core technology research, improve the demonstration and application of disruptive technologies for future industrial application scenarios, and promote pilot demonstrations and application scenarios such as future industry pilot demonstration zones.
Subjects: Management Science >> Other Disciplines of Management Science submitted time 2023-07-09 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Changes in international development environment such as geopolitics, geo-economics and science and technology innovation are reshaping the world’s competitive landscape and altering the balance of power among nations. China needs to adapt to the changes in international development environment, accurately grasp the new trends, optimize and adjust the science and technology strategy, effectively respond to new challenges, and seek new advantages in international competition. This study reviews China’s choices of science and technology strategy under the changes in international development environment. By summing up the successful experiences and remaining issues of the past science and technology strategies, the study proposes new choices for China’s science and technology strategy in response to new international development environment. It is found that, China’s science and technology strategy has been continuously adjusted and optimized in response to the ever-changing international development environment. Successful experience such as engaging in international scientific and technological cooperation, formulating forward-looking and systematic policies, improving the construction of national innovation system, fully leveraging the advantages of the nationwide system, or advancing reform of systems and mechanisms for science and technology, have effectively addressed the complex and changing international development environment and propelled the rapid development of China’s scientific and technological endeavors. However, China still needs to deal with and resolve the remaining issues in science and technology strategy choices, such as the path dependency of critical core technologies, the lack of deep integration between innovation and industrial, the lack of synergy among “education,science, technology and talent”, and the non-principal role of enterprises in innovation. Facing the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, the acceleration of deglobalization and regionalism, the rise of developing countries as a collective force, and the increasingly intense international conflicts and confrontations, China’s science and technology strategy should learn from historical retrospection and strengthen strategic foresight and form asymmetric advantages, enhance the development of a national self-reliant innovation ecosystem, and promote science, improve the new nationwide system to strengthen the basic capabilities of science and technology, and technology cooperation in the light of diverse international interests.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2023-06-15 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：党的二十大报告指出，教育、科技、人才是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的基础性、战略性支撑。实现高水平科技自立自强关键靠人才，制度创新要聚焦大胆选拔和放手使用优秀青年人才，支持青年人才挑大梁、当主角。文章聚焦新时代创新人才的责任与使命，从青年科研人员通过自我修炼力争成为新时代所需的创新人才的路径，以及所在单位为其打造更好的成长环境两个角度给出了建议。
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-06-15 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The construction of the rule of law in science popularization is of great importance to guarantee the implementation of the “Two- Wing theory” and the Broad Science Popularization Strategy. This study systematically reviews the development, status quo, effectiveness and problems of the legal and institutional construction of science popularization in China, and examines the situation, problems and challenges faced by the construction of the rule of law in China’s science popularization in the light of current development situation. Finally, this study puts forward proposals to strengthen the construction of the rule of law in science popularization under the direction of the “Two-Wing theory”, and to guarantee the implementation of the Broad Science Popularization Strategy and the construction of national science popularization capacity.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-05-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Enterprises are the principal players of scientific research and technology innovation. Increasing the participation of enterprises in basic research is of great significance for China to realize high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology and to improve the efficiency of national innovation system. However, there is still an obvious gap between the basic research capabilities of Chinese enterprises and those of the United States, Japan, or other developed countries. In this study, we firstly reviewed the characteristics and problems of Chinese enterprises’ basic research, finding that expenditure on basic research in enterprises accounts for a relatively low proportion of that in the whole society. At the same time, even though the output of basic research produced by enterprises has increased, its contribution to knowledge creation still needs to be improved. Then, using an “incentive-ability” analysis framework, we revealed the constraints hindering Chinese enterprises to conduct basic research. It shows that incentive for firms to invest in basic research is insufficient. From the perspective of ability, the problem of talent restriction is prominent, industry-university-research cooperation in basic research is limited, and it is difficult for enterprises to use scientific research infrastructure. In the last part of this paper, we present the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions put forward in this study to improve the policy system to support the basic research in enterprises. These measures include: develop differentiated basic research guidance strategies for different industries; support enterprises in setting up laboratories and cultivating talents together with universities and institutions; improve the selection, organization, evaluation and decision-making mechanisms for major scientific and technological projects undertaken by enterprises; expand sharing of science and technology infrastructure and achievements; reform the government outsourcing system to encourage original investment by enterprises; and improve the intellectual property protection system.
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