Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《金属学报》
Abstract： The Ni-based single crystal superalloys are widely used in key hot section parts of advanced aero engine due to the superior high temperature mechanical properties. Multi-axial stresses resulting from complex temperature and stress state happen frequently in blades during service, thus the mechanical properties of three orientations need to be studied. However, most of these works are conducted in the first and second single crystal superalloys and there is rare report concerning the third single superalloys. Therefore, in this work the microstructures and tensile properties of the third generation single crystal superalloy DD9 with [001], [011] and [111] orientations were investigated by OM, SEM, TEM and tensile testing machine at 760 and 1100 ℃. The results show that ascast dendritic structures and heat treated g′ of DD9 alloy with three orientations are different on the section perpendicular to the crystal growth direction. With rising of temperature, the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength decrease and tensile anisotropy drops obviously. The ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of DD9 alloy with [001] orientation are higher than those with [011] and [111] orientation except that the yield strength with [001] orientation is slightly lower than that with [011] orientation. With temperature increasing, the fracture characteristic transforms from quasi-cleavage at 760 ℃ to dimple at 1100 ℃. At 760 ℃, very high density dislocations appear in the matrix channels with [001], [011] and [111] orientations, but some stacking faults are present only in g′ particles with [001] orientation. At 1100 ℃, the high density dislocation networks resulted in the matrix channels and particles of the alloy with [001] and [111] orientations, while a large number of deformation twins are found in samples with [011] orientation.
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《金属学报》
Abstract： The effect of Hf on the as- cast, heat- treated microstructures and stress rupture properties under 1100 ℃ and 140 MPa was investigated in four second generation Ni-based single crystal superalloys DD11 with various levels of Hf (0~0.80%, mass fraction) additions. The results indicate that increasing Hf addition resulted in decreasing the solidus and liquidus temperatures, while it enhanced the volume fraction of (g +g') eutectic and MC carbide as well as solidification segregation. The number of micropores reduced significantly and the volume fraction of residual (g +g') eutectic and MC carbide increased after heat treatment as Hf content increased. Compared to the Hf-free alloy, the stress rupture life was observed to increase in the alloys with 0.40%Hf, but dropped in the alloy containing 0.80%Hf. Hf addition increased the elemental partitioning ratio of Re, Mo, Cr, resulting in increasing g /g' misfit and decreasing the spacing of g /g' interfacial dislocation networks. The solution strengthing effect was also improved with the enhanced concentration of Re, Mo and Cr in g phase in Hf-modified alloys. However, when the Hf content was 0.80% in DD11 alloy, the stress rupture properties was decreased obviously due to high volume fraction of residual (g +g') eutectic and MC carbide in heat-treated microstructures.
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《金属学报》
Abstract： The aero turbine is spun by high-temperature and high-pressure burning gases. The practice has proven that the directional solidification (DS) turbine blade with perfect column grains has still excellent high-temperature performance in this kind of working environment. This means that the size and orientation of column grains have great influence on the high-temperature property and performance of turbine blades. On the other hand, the high-quality blade is not easy to be produced in DS process due to the difficulty of obtaining the desired temperature field needed to produce the grains with ideal morphology. In addition, the growth of columnar grains in the wide- chord hollow guide blade is obstructed by the complex camber and the platform. How to produce turbine blades with desired microstructures is the key problem in the DS process. Numerical simulation of the DS process is an effective way to investigate the growth and the morphology of the grains and hence to optimize the process. In this work, a mathematical-physical model for simulating the DS process of wide-chord blade is established in which nucleation and grain growth in the blade in the DS process are modeled by the cellular automation (CA) method with multi-scale dynamic bidirectional coupling technology. Some general analytic indicators are proposed to assess the morphology of mushy zone and grains in a blade quantitatively. Based on the simulated results by using the usual starter blocks 1, 2 and 3, a new starter block is designed considering numerically controlled cutting. Temperature fields and grains in DS processes and corresponding indicators at different withdrawal rates for above 4 starter blocks are numerically predicted to investigate the influences of varying these technological parameters, and hence to determine the influence mechanism to the DS process. For comparison, the DS validation experiments by using starter blocks 1, 2 and 3 have been carried out. The numerical and experimental results agree well, their morphologies including those faulty grains are similar. It is found that higher withdrawal rate leads to larger concavation of mushy zone, but the effect of chill is stronger than that of withdrawal rate if the contact area between casting and chill plate is large enough. Better grain structure in a blade is achieved by starter block 3 than by starter blocks 1 and 2. By starter block 4, the amount of column grains is larger and the amount of lateral grain boundaries is smaller, compared with that of starter blocks 1, 2 and 3. Therefore higher withdrawal rate could be adoptable without excessive concavation of mushy zone, resulting in parallel column grains, finer dendrites in the blade, and much higher blade productivity. Optimum withdrawal rates are also determined for starter blocks 3 and 4.
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2016-11-04 Cooperative journals: 《金属学报》
Abstract：利用SEM原位观察技术研究了近片层Ti-45Al-8Nb-0.2W-0.2B-0.1Y合金在750℃疲劳蠕变交互作用下的裂纹萌生及扩展行为，循环实验采用在最大拉应力保载的梯形波。结果表明，裂纹主要在片层团界面萌生，裂纹萌生方式包括蠕变空洞和疲劳微裂纹。片层团界面处的微裂纹先通过吞并蠕变空洞或在裂纹尖端应力集中作用下沿片层团界面进行扩展，然后相互连接长大；当裂纹扩展受到不同取向的片层团界面阻碍时，受阻的裂纹开始沿试样厚度方向扩展，且附近伴随出现垂直于载荷方向的微裂纹；最终受阻的裂纹相互连接直至合金断裂。将实验结果与该合金在相同条件下疲劳变形和蠕变变形的原位观察结果进行了比较。结合实验结果建立了高Nb钛铝合金在疲劳蠕变交互作用下裂纹萌生及扩展示意模型。
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