Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-05-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Enterprises are the principal players of scientific research and technology innovation. Increasing the participation of enterprises in basic research is of great significance for China to realize high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology and to improve the efficiency of national innovation system. However, there is still an obvious gap between the basic research capabilities of Chinese enterprises and those of the United States, Japan, or other developed countries. In this study, we firstly reviewed the characteristics and problems of Chinese enterprises’ basic research, finding that expenditure on basic research in enterprises accounts for a relatively low proportion of that in the whole society. At the same time, even though the output of basic research produced by enterprises has increased, its contribution to knowledge creation still needs to be improved. Then, using an “incentive-ability” analysis framework, we revealed the constraints hindering Chinese enterprises to conduct basic research. It shows that incentive for firms to invest in basic research is insufficient. From the perspective of ability, the problem of talent restriction is prominent, industry-university-research cooperation in basic research is limited, and it is difficult for enterprises to use scientific research infrastructure. In the last part of this paper, we present the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions put forward in this study to improve the policy system to support the basic research in enterprises. These measures include: develop differentiated basic research guidance strategies for different industries; support enterprises in setting up laboratories and cultivating talents together with universities and institutions; improve the selection, organization, evaluation and decision-making mechanisms for major scientific and technological projects undertaken by enterprises; expand sharing of science and technology infrastructure and achievements; reform the government outsourcing system to encourage original investment by enterprises; and improve the intellectual property protection system.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2018-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract： 我国北方地区春夏季节沙尘天气频发，精准识别沙尘源区对于沙尘天气预报及区域生态环境治理意义重大。本文以新疆为典型研究区，采用2000、2005和2010年三期土地利用/土地覆被数据，分析了新疆沙尘源的空间分布格局，并基于土地类型转移矩阵分析了不同类型沙尘源的转化情况。结果显示：新疆沙尘源的正、逆向转化主要跟人类活动相关。(1)沙漠/沙地转化敏感区主要分布于塔克拉玛干沙漠的西北边缘地区；转化为裸土类型沙尘源最主要的土地类型为河流/湖泊和草地，其中河流/湖泊的转化主要受自然条件影响，而草地的转化则是由过度放牧所导致。(2)岳普湖、伽师和巴楚等县区存在过度放牧现象；塔里木盆地北部以及准噶尔盆地内部等绿洲-荒漠交错带及人口聚集区域，存在大面积的垦荒现象。(3)新疆地区绿洲-荒漠交错带面积广阔，但其生态系统脆弱，为潜在的沙尘源区，应科学划定生态保护区，禁止过度放牧和无序垦荒。本文研究结果有望为区域生态环境治理及农牧业发展提供科学依据。
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