Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： It is well understood among industries that biological resources are the strategic resources of the nation. The increase in the magnitude of the data generated by the arrival of the omniscience era will promote the transformation of life science research into a new paradigm of “data-intensive science”. Therefore, the big data of biological resources has become a national strategic resource as well as the focus of international technology competition and strategic commanding heights. At present, to establish a national infrastructure for biological resources is urgently needed. This infrastructure incorporates a technical system that supports the conservation, utilization, development, mining and sustainable use of biological resources and an integrated data system which can effectively manage, analyze and use massive data. These services will contribute greatly to support the scientific discovery and industrial innovation development in the frontier of biological resources of our nation. Biological resources information platform has cooperated with Biological Resources Programme, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS-BRP) to form a complete data system including data management specifications, data collection platform, data portal and data visualization system, which effectively motivate the integration, sharing, mining and utilization of strategic biological resources data of CAS. The data system covers 6 981 465 data of material resources including botanical gardens, biological specimen, biological genetic resources, laboratory animals resouces and biodiversity observation and research network from 42 research institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. All resources can be shared through the data portal www.casbrc.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Biological resources are strategic resources to support the sustainable development of national economy and guarantee people’s health. They are also the momentous cornerstone of the development of life science, and the hotspot of international layout and competition. Developed countries have attached importance to the collection, preservation and utilization of biological resources. As one of the most species-rich countries in the world, Chinese government has drew out effective measure to support development of strategic biological resources. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has established the Biological Resources Programme, CAS (BRPCAS) by integrating Botanical Gardens, Biological Specimen Collections, Laboratory Animal Resources, Biological Genetic Resource Banks and China Biodiversity Observation and Research Network, CAS aims at enhancing the comprehensive ability of collection, preservation, evaluation, transformation and sustainable utilization of biological resources in China, and providing strong scientific and technological supports for the sustainable development of economy and society. Nevertheless, it is still noteworthy that due to the late initiation step in China, during the protection and utilization of biological resources, China still confronts various serious challenges, and the effective protection and sustainable utilization of strategic biological resources remain to be reinforced.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Plant resources are the basis of human survival and development. Due to human and natural disturbance, plant diversity is facing a serious threat. Ex situ conservation is an important way to remove the threat. Botanical garden and germplasm bank are the main institutions of ex situ conservation. A total of 105 634 species of plants have been ex situ protected in the global botanical gardens, accounting for about 30% of the global total, and more than 40% of the threatened species have been protected. More than 3 million crop germplasm resources have been collected in more than 500 germplasm banks around the world. China’s botanical gardens ex situ protected more than 20000 native plants, accounting for about 60% of the total species; the National Crop Germplasm Bank and resource nurseries preserved more than 500000 germplasm resources. While strengthening plant conservation, ex situ plant protection institutions have carried out a lot of scientific research and resource utilization. In order to promote the ex situ conservation of plant diversity and green development, this study also reviewed the research progress of ex situ conservation of plants, and put forward some suggestions on strengthening ex situ conservation of plants in China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Biological diversity is the foundation for the survival and development of human beings. Biodiversity conservation in China has been of great concern to the central government, which has implemented a series of policies and action plans to promote the conservation of biodiversity and species restoration. However, the crisis of biodiversity loss at the global level remains serious due to human activities. Region-wide cooperations are required to strengthen the protection of global biodiversity. The paper systematically reviews the actions and achievements of biodiversity protection in China in recent years, as well as the work of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the field of biodiversity research, and puts forward suggestions for the future work of biodiversity conservation in China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The tightening policy of market regulation for food ingredients and novel foods produced by genetically modified microorganisms has hindered the development of the bio-economy. Here, the comparative studies have been conducted on the market regulations of food ingredients and novel foods produced by biomanufacturing in EU, USA, Japan, and China. These countries are all very concerned about the regulation of food ingredients and novel foods from biomanufacturing, however, they adopt quite different polices. EU is cautious, USA is positive, and Japan is less cautious. Over the past decades, China has been tightening the approval of food ingredients and novel foods produced by genetically modified microorganisms. At present, the whole world is actively responding to the supervision and access of new food ingredients and foods produced by new technologies. It is suggested that a positive application and approval path should be established, unified, and simplified for promoting the marketing of new products in China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Biosynthesis of chemicals through synthetic biology can partially relieve the dependence on petroleum resources. With the development of synthetic biology technology, the capabilities of constructing microbial cell factories for production of chemicals have been greatly improved. Development of new engineered strains and new bioprocess can replace the traditional manufacturing process, decrease the energy cost and pollution, and improve the producing capabilities of traditional fermentation industry. In this review, key factors and representative cases for constructing microbial cell factories and multi-enzyme molecular machines to produce chemicals were summarized. The future of industrial applications of synthetic biology were also discussed.
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