Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： As an important means of promoting national scientific and technological development, S&T innovation strategy and policy are advancing towards a multidimensional “synergy” among S&T, the economy, society, and the environment, and they need to encompass many internal and external elements of S&T system. Accordingly, an overall S&T policy framework covering key elements and relevant interactions should be constructed. This study proposes “3+5” analytical framework for S&T innovation strategy and policy. Specifically, (1) this study defines the conceptual connotation of “3+5” framework, and puts forward the “design layer” including guiding strategy, planning layout, and institutional arrangement, and the “construction layer” including policy on innovative actor, policy on resource allocation, policy on scientific and technological talents, policy on the transformation of achievements, and policy on research environment; (2) this study describes the logic of “3+5” framework in terms of its role and value dimensions; (3) this study examines China’s strategic layout of scientific and technological innovation, and conducts a policy analysis on the basis of “3+5” framework.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2023-12-04 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Since it was proposed, in vitro human embryo research had been following the 14-day rule, which limited in vitro research on human embryos within 14 days after fertilization. With the advancement in embryo culturing technology, this ethical rule has been greatly challenged. In 2021, the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) recommended a conditional extension of the existing time limit in ISSCR Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, hence the international scientific community has restarted the debate on the 14-day rule. This study systematically analyzed the historical background and controversies of the 14- day rule ethical regulation of human embryo research, as well as revisited the core ethical issues of the moral status, dignity, and legal status of human embryos as research subjects. It also comprehensively examined the attitudes of different stakeholders in responding to the relaxation of current regulations and raised policy agenda and suggestions in extending the time limit of human embryo research.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The rapid development of modern science and technology not only brings benefits to human society, but also brings huge ethical risks and challenges. How to carry out systematic science and technology ethics research has become an important issue currently. Science and technology ethics research is a typical interdisciplinary, comprehensive, and complex think tank problem that draws upon the fields of natural sciences and social sciences. The relevant research is reviewed to found out important issues and themes in the field, and the think tank double helix methodology is used to propose conceptual framework and practical method in the science and technology ethics research, aiming to propose a methodological innovation in the field of science and technology ethics research.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： With the deepening of think tank construction, the importance of think tank research has become increasingly prominent. Think tank double helix methodology focuses on solving the problem of “how to do” think tank research, provides a systematic cognitive perspective for think tank research. Starting from the origin of think tank research, this study proposes the “ten key issues” of the think tank double helix methodology. The first key issue is “the decomposition and analysis of think tank problem”. This issue is the critical starting point for think tank problem research. The think tank problem is simplified and decomposed into the single-dimensional sub-problem set, and the structured cognitive framework is established, which is linked to the existing knowledge system. The second key issue is “the scenario analysis driven by think tank problem”. The various scenarios of the think tank problem that may occur in the future are considered, and the possibility of these scenarios, their impact and consequences are analyzed to help decision makers make reasonable decisions. The third key issue is “ the uncertainty analysis of think tank problem research”. Through analyzing the uncertainty in policy-making, the risk degree and scope brought by uncertainty, and the results under different risks, the deviation of think tank problem solution is reduced. The fourth key issue is “the policy simulation analysis of think tank problem research”. The convergence of economics, sociology, management, public policy, and other multidisciplinary theoretical knowledge is used to model and calculate think tank problem under the support of computer technology, and the past causes and future impacts of policy are analyzed accordingly. The fifth key issue is “ the circulative iteration of think tank research”. When there are situations such as incomplete cognitive framework, insufficient expert consensus, and deviations between objective analysis and subjective judgment, a new round research needs to be opened. Such a circulative iteration is a process of deepening understanding, continuous convergence, repeatedly evidence-based, and seeking solutions. The sixth key issue is “the coupling relationship between DIIS and MIPS”. The two spirals of data-information-intelligence-solution (DIIS) and mechanism-impact-policy-solution (MIPS) are tightly coupled, interlocked, and mutually affected, achieving convergence from relatively decentralized, open, and cross-domain think tank research to practical solutions. The seventh key issue is “the expert organization and management of think tank research”. The selection of experts needs to be closely linked to the think tank problem to achieve a match between experts and problem. With the deepening of research, it is necessary to continuously search for and select suitable experts, and dynamically organize a wider range of experts to participate in research. The eighth key issue is “ the human-machine combination think tank research support system”. The emergence of artificial intelligence scientists and human-machine combination interaction platform systems provide possibilities for human-machine combination think tank research. This will become the trend and direction of think tanks in the future. The ninth key issue is “the combination of objective analysis and subjective judgment”. To maintain the independence of think tanks, it is necessary to combine objective analysis and subjective judgment, avoid decision-making deviations on the basis of fully considering objective facts, and prevent intentional subjective intervention on the basis of fully analyzing the demands of relevant stakeholders. The tenth key issue is “the think tank product quality management”. The quality of think tank products represents the core competitiveness of the think tank. Think tank double helix methodology can provide a basis for the quality control of the whole think tank research process. “Ten key issues” is another innovation, deepening, and development of think tank double helix methodology. Solving “ten key issues” will provide more specific method and tool set for think tank double helix methodology, and make think tank research more operational, formalization, and scientific.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： With the new round of global scientific and technological revolution and accelerated industrial transformation and the rapid development of interdisciplinary research, the basic research is shifting from the exploratory behavior of individual scientist to a more organized form. This article raised the conceptualizing framework of “organized basic research”, revealed its characteristics and major types. The article also discussed and clarified several important issues in relate to the organized basic research, that it should stick to the goal of scientific development, it should be led by scientists, and academic freedom would always constitute as its foundation.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The article analyzed the current characteristics and situation of think tank research both domestically and internationally, and raised the ideas that think tank research need to achieve “six transitions” especially under the background of think tank construction agenda of Chinese government, which is to transition from empirical to scientific research, from discrete to systematic approach, from randomness to normativeness, from pure academic-oriented to integrative studies fitting both academic and practical requirements, from static to stable style, and from a single discipline basis to comprehensive and consistent research. Based on long-term experiences and practices in policy and strategic research, Prof. PAN Jiaofeng at the Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASISD) proposed a new method for think tank research, namely the think tank double helix methodology. The methodology comprises of two cycles: the external cycle featuring three stages—the deduction of research question, the comprehensive research, and the regression to the real problem, and the internal iterative cycle involving two mutually embedded helixes—DIIS at the process level and MIPS at the inherent logic level. The DIIS helix emphasizes that the research must follow a step-wise process beginning at data (D) collection, and proceeding to information (I) revelation, intelligence (I) synthesis, and arriving at solution (S) formation; while MIPS helix stresses that the content of the research must follow a logical pathway starting from mechanism (M) analysis, developing to impact (I) analysis and policy (P) analysis, and finally arriving at solution (S) formation. In the booming field of think tank research, the double helix methodology represents a fundamental work to advance the scientific development of think tank research, given that it provides a pathway to promote the “six transitions” as mentioned above and to establish think tank research as a science. The methodology would provide think tank research with a new way of thinking, practice guidelines, and operational approach, hence establishing a research paradigm for think tank research. As a new way of thinking, it aims at eliminating the scattered, fragmented and simplified style of thinking, giving way to a more holistic and systematic mindset. As a practice guideline, it offers a global, panoramic and full-process reference for think tank research, covering both the process and the content of the research. As an operational approach, it plays an instrumental role in gathering the wisdom of experts and scholars with various academic backgrounds and experiences, and comprehensively integrating methods and tools of different types. Therefore, this article explains in detail about how to utilize the think tank double helix methodology as the basic theoretical and methodological paradigm, so as to promote the “six transitions”, and reveals the value and significance of the think tank double helix methodology in promoting the scientific development of think tank research.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： As an important part of the national decision-making consulting system, theoretical and methodological think-tank research could contribute to improve the level of think tank research, expand the scope of the questions concerned, and effectively exert its role and functions. This paper views think tank research as the object of investigation, and reflects theoretically on the more general role and characteristics, the principles and logic system, the process and methods, and the evaluation criteria of think tank products, which forms a systematic thinking of the logical system of think tank research.
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