Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： This study focuses on the strategies, targets and policy measures for carbon neutrality in global major economies. The research shows that due to the different socio-economic and political foundations, the transition strategy towards carbon neutrality in major economies is also varied, which can be divided into four categories: leading strategy, growth strategy, following strategy, and swing strategy. Most of them build carbon neutrality target system with the framework of “target roadmap+targets in key areas”, but leading countries usually integrate targets into legislation and thus the objective is legally binding, while others tend to weaken emission reduction targets and focus on the development goals of emerging industries. The main reason is that the existing technologies fail to support the realization of carbon neutrality. Most economies attach importance to S&T innovation for carbon neutrality with the purpose of increasing industrial competitiveness. But the pursuit of “local manufacturing” in Europe and America may not be conducive to reducing the cost of new technologies. In terms of market incentives, carbon emission trading market is widely used, but the carbon pricing mechanism still needs to be further optimized. This study has important enlightenment significance for China to improve carbon neutrality policy.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Building a policy system conducive to peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality is critical to achieving the dual carbon goals on schedule. This study sorts out and analyzes the 168 low-carbon policy texts since the 11th Five-Year Plan. It finds out the overall situation of China’s low-carbon policies, as well as the characteristics of the number, effectiveness, measures of policies, and clarifies the gap in the current low-carbon policies. On this basis, around the phased characteristics of the realization of the dual carbon goals, the future policy framework of peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality is drawn, including the timetable and policy road-map. Further, the challenges of the development path shifting are analyzed from resource-dependent to technology-driven in the context of carbon neutrality. Finally, the general policies and technological innovation policies are proposed to promote the implementation of the goal of peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： State-owned natural resources assets are not only the fundamental source of national economy and social development, but also the main field for ecological civilization construction. For imperfection of the management system of state-owned natural resources assets in China, following the goal and problem oriented research framework, referring to the progress of research development of developed countries, this study designed the overall plan for improving the management system and proposed the fundamental responsibilities of owners of state-owned natural resources assets. Suggestions were put forward as follows: perfecting the property right system of natural resources assets, compiling the list of state-owned natural resources assets executing hierarchical ownership, clarifying a rational boundary between the central and local government, promoting information technology in natural resource management, and strengthening the links between natural resources assets management and natural resources supervision. The suggestions are expected to be referred by the reform of natural resource management system in China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： China has formed a natural protected areas system with various types and functions, which has played an important role in protecting important natural ecosystems and biodiversity. However, for a long time, China basically implemented a “rescue” conservation strategy, focused on protected area expansion, and ignored the improvement of management quality and ability. The construction and management of protected area cannot keep China’s pace of promoting ecological civilization construction. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes to establish a natural protected areas system with national parks as the main backbone, which poses urgent demands on promoting the revolution of the natural protected areas system in China. Firstly, this study deeply analyzed a series of outstanding problems facing China’s natural protected areas system, which included the lack of top-level design and system planning, weak legal system, insufficient multi-participation, shortage of funds, unclear land ownership, fierce conflict between conservation and development, weak management capacity, etc. On this basis, the study proposes to promote a systematic reform of China’s natural protected areas system. First, promote the top-level design, system planning, and legislative arrangements on the natural protected areas system. Second, improve the property right system of protected areas. Third, build governance system and promote multi-governing of protected areas. Then, expand the scope of space governance of protected areas, and facilitate coordinated development between protected areas and surrounding areas. Finally, establish a mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products in and around protected areas.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2017-07-17 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：自然资源管理制度是生态文明制度体系的重要组成部分，也是基础性制度。文章立足问题和目标导向的研究方法，以国际经验为借鉴，针对当前我国自然资源管理存在的理念落后、管理制度不完善、管理体制不健全等问题，提出要牢固树立生态文明的理念，坚持开发与保护相统一的发展观和系统观，构建由“两大基础、三大过程和四大保障”组成的系统完整的自然资源制度体系。顺应自然资源资产管理体制和自然资源监管体制改革的要求，设计了资产管理和资源监管体制改革路径，以实现自然资源管理的顺畅。
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