Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The Tibetan Plateau and surrounding mountains contain the largest glacier storage outsides the north and south polar regions. Under the global warming, recently glaciers in China are generally experiencing rapid melting and shrinkage. This rapid glacier change impacts the water resource that supplied by melt-water, and also favors glacial hazards, such as glacier collapse, glacier surging, glacial debris flow, and glacial lake outburst flood. Those glacial hazards show their spatio-temporal distribution characters, dynamic processes and mechanisms. Accompanying with the recent rapid glacier change, which reduces the glacier stability by warming, glacial hazards become more frequent. Furthermore, since global warming continues and human activity intensifies, the uncertainty and risk of glacial disasters will intensify. Therefore, scientific solution and countermeasures are needed based on the researches on glacial changes and hazards.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Glaciers, an important part of Asia’s water tower, are extremely sensitive to climate change. The study on the spatiotemporal pattern of the changes of the glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau and surroundings in the context of global warming is helpful to identify the main water storage and supply areas of Asian Water Towers, which is of great significance for the rational planning and utilization of water resources. Through comprehensive analysis, it was revealed that the “Karakoram anomaly” might expand in different degrees to the Western Kunlun Mountains and the Pamirs, while the glaciers in the other parts of the Tibetan Plateau and surroundings were in an accelerated melting state recently. Moreover, we also illuminated the influences of the changes of the glaciers over the past 50 years and in different climate scenarios in the future on the basin water resources and sea level rise, and pointed out that the glacier observation and investigation should be carried out systematically, and a climate-ice-hydrological processes coupling model should be set up, in order to accurately assess the glacier melt water resources, which is an important basis for the green silk road construction.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The Tibetan Plateau and surroundings, also known as the Third Pole, is widely acknowledged as the Asian Water Tower. It holds glaciers with an area about 100 000 km2, and lakes with an area about 50 000 km2. It gives birth to more than ten big rivers in Asia including the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Yarlung Tsangpo, Indus, Ganges, Mekong, Amu Darya, Tarim River, etc. Its environmental changes affect water resources utilization in China and water securities in many nations involved in the Belt and Road initiative. The Asian Water Tower is undergoing dramatic changes characterized with unbalance in a warming climate. Accelerated glacier retreats, permafrost degradation, lake expansion, as well as increase of glacial melt to runoff are all related to the unbalance change of the Asian Water Tower. These have put the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions at risk and caused many water-related hazards such as glacier collapse. Asian Water Tower change would even be amplified through the atmosphere and hydrosphere to affect global climate and water cycle, thus coupling and interacting with changes on the Arctic and Antarctica. The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research program (STEP) and Pan-Third Pole Environment study for a Green Silk Road program (Pan-TPE) will focus on the study of Asian Water Tower change and its local to regional impacts in the past half century, conduct comprehensive field expeditions and research, and advise on science policy to confront Asian Water Tower change and impacts. The ultimate goal of the STEP and Pan-TPE is to provide scientific advice to China and nations around on water resources regulations and sustainable development, thus serving global ecological environment and a community with a shared future for mankind.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Ice core is an important carrier of the past climatic and environmental change information. In this paper, we firstly introduced how ice cores record past climatic and environmental changes. Then, we elaborated the achievements of ice core research in the past climate change, levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases, solar activity, volcanic eruptions, and human activities. Thirdly, the role of ice core research in promoting relevant environmental policy making was stated, such as the ban on Pb additives in gasoline and greenhouse gas emission reduction policies. And finally, it was suggested that the state should establish a National Ice Core Facility to drill and store the ice cores from the Three Poles (Antarctic, Arctic, and the Third Pole) to serve the future scientific research and national development.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The cryosphere is one of the five major spheres of the climate system. It plays an important role in the earth system with its huge fresh water reserves, latent heat of phase transitions, greenhouse gases, and unique species and cultural structures. The formation, change mechanism, and process of cryosphere; the interactions with atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere; the influences and adaptations of cryosphere change; the service functions for regional and global economy and society all together have rapidly developed into a new interdisciplinary discipline, which is called Cryosphere Science. Being consistent with the directions advocated by the “Future Earth” and the “Earth Commission”, the establishment and development of the scientific system of the Cryosphere Science is internationally forward looking.
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2017-09-20 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：西风与印度季风两大环流是控制青藏高原气候与环境变化的决定性因素。研究显示两大环流的影响范围和程度具有明显的空间分异：基于降水稳定同位素实测与模型模拟发现青藏高原现代西风与印度季风的相互作用特征表现为3种模态，即印度季风模态、西风模态和过渡模态。基于湖泊沉积记录的分析，发现3种模态主控范围在历史时期不断发生变化。3种模态对现代青藏高原环境产生连锁式环境效应，使得该区的冰川、湖泊、生态系统变化具有明显的区域特征，具体表现为印度季风模态的冰川强烈退缩，湖泊趋于萎缩；西风模态的冰川趋于稳定甚至部分出现前进，湖泊趋于扩张；过渡模态的冰川退缩程度减弱，湖泊变化不明显。西风模态的植被返青期提前，印度季风模态的植被返青期推后，而过渡模态的植被过程比较复杂。
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Environmentology submitted time 2017-09-20 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：青藏高原对我国、亚洲甚至北半球的人类生存环境和可持续发展起着重要的环境和生态屏障作用。以青藏高原为核心的第三极以及受其影响的东亚、南亚、中亚、西亚、中东欧等泛第三极地区，面积约2 000多万平方公里，涵盖20多个国家的30多亿人口，是“一带一路”的核心地带和全球人口分布最密集区。随着“一带一路”重大倡议的推进，泛第三极环境变化的重要性受到全球关注。泛第三极地区已经出现重大资源环境问题，如何保护这一地区资源环境的可持续性是“一带一路”建设实施面临的重大挑战。实施“泛第三极环境变化与绿色丝绸之路建设”专项，将从区域甚至全球尺度深入研究这一地区的资源环境科学问题，前瞻、科学地提出区域可持续发展协同应对战略，为“守护好世界上最后一方净土”和“一带一路”建设服务。
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