Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： “Small products and large integration” of consumer goods is a tangible carrier reflecting a country’s innovation capacity, manufacturing capacity and international competitiveness, and a physical embodiment of meeting people’s needs for a better life. The marketization of China’s consumer goods industry developed early and has played a leading role in stimulating the domestic cycle and promoting the international cycle for a long time. The standardization of consumer goods and industrial practice have been coordinating with each other and making mutual adaptations from the beginning, and have gone through the stages from scratch, to fast development and to sound development. This has effectively standardized, promoted and guided the industrial development. At present, the standardization of consumer goods in Europe, America and other major developed countries has entered a new stage of “safer, more transparent, more environmentally friendly and healthier”. However, China’s consumer goods industry has got into a state with slow growth, weak domestic demand, and severe and complex export situation. The market development and industrial practice is raising new requirements on five aspects: innovation, health, ecology, culture and service. On the basis of summarizing China’s historical experiences in developing the consumer goods standardization and lessons learned from foreign practices, this study analyzes the market performance and the needs of industrial practice in the current stage of consumer goods standardization, and puts forward the “seven transformations” of consumer goods standardization in the new period. It aims to provide reference for practice and decision-making on implementing the National Standardization Development Outline andformulating consumer goods standardization policies suitable for the strategic task of constructing a new development pattern.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The market mechanism is the basis for achieving carbon neutrality. Through the market mechanism, the global cost can be the lowest to achieve carbon neutrality. Therefore, in the process of carbon neutralization, it is necessary to give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation. China has explored and accumulated experience in various market mechanisms for more than 10 years, and has established the carbon market, green certificate market, white certificate market, energy market, etc. At the same time, the power system is also strengthening market-oriented reform. Nevertheless, there are still imperfect systems and conflicts among various markets. Therefore, it is urgent to straighten out these markets so that they can play a synergistic role with maximum effect. This study combed and analyzed the current situation of the existing market mechanism and the relationship in between, then expounded the conflict and overlapping. On this basis, it is put forward that the energy-use rights market and the energy-saving market should be merged as soon as possible, the green certificate market and the carbon market should be unified, and the marketization process of the power system should be fully considered, so that the market mechanism can improve economic efficiency and emission reduction effects. In addition, with the evolution of globalization and deglobalization of market mechanism and supply chain, the voice during international cooperation becomes particularly important. Starting from clarifying carbon responsibility, strengthening the voice during international cooperation and carbon neutrality, this study analyzed the two basic modes of production responsibility and consumption responsibility, and held that the global carbon emission situation has undergone important changes. China’s emissions are mainly concentrated on the production side, and the emissions of western developed countries (especially the United States) are more concentrated on the consumption side. Based on this, it is considered that China should adhere to the consumer responsibility
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Building a policy system conducive to peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality is critical to achieving the dual carbon goals on schedule. This study sorts out and analyzes the 168 low-carbon policy texts since the 11th Five-Year Plan. It finds out the overall situation of China’s low-carbon policies, as well as the characteristics of the number, effectiveness, measures of policies, and clarifies the gap in the current low-carbon policies. On this basis, around the phased characteristics of the realization of the dual carbon goals, the future policy framework of peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality is drawn, including the timetable and policy road-map. Further, the challenges of the development path shifting are analyzed from resource-dependent to technology-driven in the context of carbon neutrality. Finally, the general policies and technological innovation policies are proposed to promote the implementation of the goal of peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia exposed the shortcomings of China’s public health emergency management system, and accelerated the reform of all related businesses. The reform of emergency supplies reserve is imminent. This work reviews the development process of China’s main material reserve system, studies the international experience of material reserve system construction, analyzes the main problems existing in China’s current emergency material reserve system, and defines the overall goal of reform: to establish and improve the laws and regulations system in the field of national emergency material reserve; to form a modern comprehensive leadership and management capacity of material reserve based on national conditions to adapt to major emergency events; to supplement and improve the new mechanism of material reserve facing new risks; to cultivate a first-class personnel team of material reserve and improve the supporting role of science and technology; to promote the application of new technologies in material reserve, and to speed up the digital transformation of material reserve field. Finally, we put forward some policy suggestions to speed up the reform process of the management system of emergency materials reserve.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In recent years, China has experienced a rapid development in digital economy, which enables the real economy to improve quality and efficiency, and has become a new driving force for economic growth. In the fight against COVID-19 in 2020, the new generation of information technologies is widely used in all aspects of the epidemic prevention and control, production and living materials supplies, and work resumption, contributing in accurate prevention and control and scientific decision-making. The fight work also provides new opportunities for the comprehensive digital transformation of China’s economy and society in the long run. This study focuses on the opportunities for digital transformation in government, industry, enterprises, and society under the influence of the current epidemic, analyzes the problems and challenges of digital transformation in the epidemic. Finally, aiming to accelerate the comprehensive digital transformation of China’s economy and society, we suggest a number of policy recommendations, including: (1) accelerating the digital transformation of government and improving the modernization level of government governance; (2) deepening the integration and development of next-generation information technology in vertical subdivision fields, and enriching applicationscenarios; (3) promoting the construction of industrial internet and promoting the balanced digital development in various industries; (4) strengthening data governance in digital transformation to ensure efficient and secure use of data.
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