Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The arid region of Northwest China is one of the driest regions in the world and is characterized with severe water scarcity.Water shortage is the most critical natural factor limiting the high-quality economic and social development and ecological security in the arid region of Northwest China. Based on the long-term monitoring data from the field stations of Chinese Academy of Sciences, observation data of meteorological stations, water resources bulletin and the remote sensing data, this study systematically analyzes the basic characteristics of water resources and ecological environment in the arid region of Northwest China, assesses the changing trends of hydrological elements, water resources, and ecological environment. Besides, this study analyzes the changes of water resources carrying capacity in terms of water use structure and water resources utilization efficiency, and puts forward some suggestions on sustainable water resources utilization and ecological and environmental protection. The results show that the temperature in the arid region of Northwest China has increased at a rate of 0.32℃/decade and precipitation has increased at a rate of 9.32 mm/decade. The glaciers are shrinking at accelerating rate and the runoff supplied by glacier/snow meltwater has increased. The amount of water resources has increased by about 11 billion m3 since the mid-1990s. In the past decade, water use efficiency has been improved, water-saving irrigation area has been expanded, and agricultural water production efficiency has been improved due to water conservation and utilization measures. Water environment capacity has been increased, water carrying capacity has been enhanced, surface water area has been expanded, and the ecosystem condition has improved. However, water resources problems are still prominent in the arid region of Northwest China, the intensity of extreme climate and hydrological events has increased, and the ecological environment is still fragile. In the future, it is necessary to further explore the water resources potential of this region, improve the water resources management, and enhance ecological protection and restoration efforts for better adaptation to the possible risks of climate change, so as to provide scientific and technological support for promoting the construction of the “Green Silk Road” and realizing high-quality regional economic and social development.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2020-12-17 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：为了揭示河西内陆河浅山区小流域的蒸散发及干旱特征，以敦煌西土沟流域为例，利用常规气象数据，通过Penman-Monteith公式计算西土沟流域8个观测站点的潜在蒸散发，再此基础上利用双作物系数法计算出各个观测站点的作物系数，由此计算出实际蒸散发，并计算了该流域的SPEI（标准化降水蒸散发指数）。结果表明：（1）西土沟流域年潜在蒸散发量和实际蒸散发量分别为978 mm、258 mm；上游到下游随海拔下降，潜在蒸散发和实际蒸散发随之呈现不同程度的上升趋势；（2）该流域下游干旱持续时间较长，整个生长季都会出现不同程度的干旱，秋季是干旱发生的主要季节；（3）流域上游的降水量大于实际蒸散发量，中下游实际蒸散发量大于降水量；（4）利用NDVI值计算的作物系数Kc值在实际蒸散发的估算中有较好的适用性，在内陆河浅山区小流域的干旱评估中，干旱指数SPEI比SPI（标准化降水指数）和PDSI（帕尔默干旱指数）指数更有优势。本研究计算出了西土沟流域的潜在和实际蒸散发，并评估了该流域的月尺度及季节尺度的干旱特征，为该流域特别是中下游的生产生活用水提供指导，并得到适用于整个河西内陆河浅山区无资料河流的普适性规律。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2020-06-02 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：荒漠河岸林是干旱地区重要的生态系统之一，受间歇性河流补给的浅层地下水是河岸林植物生存的主要水分来源。基于额济纳荒漠河岸林地下水位观测断面具有高时空分辨率的地下水位数据，分析了荒漠河岸林浅层地下水的时空变化及分水事件中河水对地下水的补给特征。结果表明:额济纳绿洲河岸林地下水位在季节尺度上具有植物生长季下降，非生长季上升的变化特征;在植物生长季内，地下水位具有白天下降，夜间上升的日周期变化特征，且日波动幅度主要受不同植被类型及植物不同生长期地下水蒸散速率的影响。黑河下游河水的河道渗漏是沿岸浅层地下水的主要补给来源，在分水过程中，距河道不同距离的地下水位对河水补给的响应时间随距离增加而增大，分水结束时的地下水位上升幅度随距离增加而减小，分水总径流量、分水持续时间和日均径流量是影响地下水补给宽度的主要因素。河道径流渗漏水量的绝大部分都通过蒸散发过程损失，从2013-2015年6次分水事件结束后，地下水估算补给量占其与蒸散量总和的平均比例为23.6% 。
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