Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The arid region of Northwest China is one of the driest regions in the world and is characterized with severe water scarcity.Water shortage is the most critical natural factor limiting the high-quality economic and social development and ecological security in the arid region of Northwest China. Based on the long-term monitoring data from the field stations of Chinese Academy of Sciences, observation data of meteorological stations, water resources bulletin and the remote sensing data, this study systematically analyzes the basic characteristics of water resources and ecological environment in the arid region of Northwest China, assesses the changing trends of hydrological elements, water resources, and ecological environment. Besides, this study analyzes the changes of water resources carrying capacity in terms of water use structure and water resources utilization efficiency, and puts forward some suggestions on sustainable water resources utilization and ecological and environmental protection. The results show that the temperature in the arid region of Northwest China has increased at a rate of 0.32℃/decade and precipitation has increased at a rate of 9.32 mm/decade. The glaciers are shrinking at accelerating rate and the runoff supplied by glacier/snow meltwater has increased. The amount of water resources has increased by about 11 billion m3 since the mid-1990s. In the past decade, water use efficiency has been improved, water-saving irrigation area has been expanded, and agricultural water production efficiency has been improved due to water conservation and utilization measures. Water environment capacity has been increased, water carrying capacity has been enhanced, surface water area has been expanded, and the ecosystem condition has improved. However, water resources problems are still prominent in the arid region of Northwest China, the intensity of extreme climate and hydrological events has increased, and the ecological environment is still fragile. In the future, it is necessary to further explore the water resources potential of this region, improve the water resources management, and enhance ecological protection and restoration efforts for better adaptation to the possible risks of climate change, so as to provide scientific and technological support for promoting the construction of the “Green Silk Road” and realizing high-quality regional economic and social development.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The Tarim River is the largest inland river in China, and had historically nine river systems and one main stream with 144 rivers. At present, only the Aksu River, the Hetian River, the Yarkant River, and the Kaidu-Kongque River have surface hydraulic connections with the main stream of the Tarim River. The connectivity of river systems and ecological protection in the Tarim River Basin are very prominent. In the past 30 years, the downstream of the cut-off river has become the most serious area of ecological degradation in the Tarim River Basin. Based on field investigation and sample pilot survey, this paper systematically analyzes the problems existing in the river system connectivity of the Tarim River Basin, and points out that the connectivity of the river system is poor and the ability to withstand extreme climatic hydrological events is insufficient. The area of cultivated land continues to expand, and the proportion of agricultural water use is too high, which strongly occupies the ecological water use, leading to the cutoff of river channels, dismember of rivers, and damage to the integrity of river basin water system. The groundwater overexploitation causes the groundwater level to drop sharply, the surface ecology process is damaged, and the ecology hidden worry is prominent. In view of this, the following points are put forward: (1) promote and realize scientific management of water resources in Tarim River Basin from mechanism and system. Brought the five source streams that have been cut off into the unified management of the Tarim River
Subjects: Geosciences >> Hydrology submitted time 2021-06-17 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract： 基于文献阅读，对塔里木河下游生态输水条件下胡杨林生态系统的恢复响应进行了讨论 分析。生态输水显著抬升了地下水位，降低了地下水矿化度与土壤干旱指数，有效改善了塔里木河下游胡杨林生态系统的生境；胡杨复壮明显，距河道 50 m 胡杨冠幅最大增长达511.20%，距河道 500 m 内胡杨枯枝比平均小于 0.15。输水后，下游胡杨树干径向生长平均增加 62.80%，以胡杨为建 群种的下游荒漠河岸林植被面积从 2000 年的 492 km2 增加到 2020 年的 1423 km2，其中，低、中、高覆 盖度植被面积分别增加 20.80%、448.00%和 190.00%；下游生态环境与植被群落对输水响应敏感，随输水量变化响应波动；现有输水模式因缺乏面上水文过程而难以保障下游胡杨林的有效更新， 胡杨种群历经输水 20 a 依然保持“倒金字塔”型的退化龄级结构，并出现显著的性比偏雄与性别空间分异；胡杨群落依然处于恢复演替的初级阶段且不稳定，下游生态系统退化态势尚未彻底扭转。基于研究综述，探讨了塔里木河下游生态恢复中存在的问题，提出“优化输水方案，扩大受水 面积和采取更加积极的恢复措施”的建议。
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2018-09-03 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：研究胡杨叶片气孔特征有助于解读干旱胁迫环境下的水分利用特征和抗旱机理。本文选取塔里木河下游英苏、阿拉干、依干布及麻3个典型断面，以胡杨为研究对象，探讨不同干旱胁迫梯度下胡杨叶片气孔密度与气孔长度的变化规律，分析雌、雄株胡杨在干旱胁迫下的响应差异。结果显示：① 胡杨叶片气孔密度随干旱胁迫程度的增加呈上升趋势，而叶片气孔长度随干旱胁迫程度的加大呈减小趋势；② 干旱胁迫环境下，胡杨雌、雄株叶片的气孔密度和气孔长度的变化率存在一定差异，表现为在干旱胁迫环境下，胡杨雄株的叶片下表皮气孔密度增长率较小，而胡杨雌株叶片的下表皮气孔长度负增长率显著大于雄性的下表皮；③ 胡杨叶片气孔密度和长度的变化反映胡杨雌、雄株的抗干旱能力，从胡杨叶片的气孔密度与气孔长度的变化结果显示，在干旱胁迫环境下，胡杨雄株的保水能力和耐受能力强于雌株。
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