Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The cryosphere is solid reservoir, and the meltwater of cryosphere affects hydrology, water resource, and water cycles in the watershed, regional, even global scale. The article reviewed on the current research results on the hydrological function, hydrological processes of meltwater and runoff and their effect, the impact on ecosystem and environment of cryosphere from hydrology view. The hydrological function mainly includes the water conservation, runoff supply, and regulation on water resource. The hydrological processes have significantly changed under the background of climate change, the onset of glacier melting period starts earlier and the volume of melting water has increased, and the snow melting period starts earlier, the permafrost degradation has led to winter runoff increasing, which increases the regulation function of watershed runoff. The projected glacier meltwater will continuingly decrease under the future climate change, which will bring greater challenge on the water resource management of Northwest China. The changes in hydrological process of cryosphere also have important impact on the ecosystem and ecological engineering, flood hazard and sustainability, and geopolitics in cold regions.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The cryosphere is one of the five major spheres of the climate system. It plays an important role in the earth system with its huge fresh water reserves, latent heat of phase transitions, greenhouse gases, and unique species and cultural structures. The formation, change mechanism, and process of cryosphere; the interactions with atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere; the influences and adaptations of cryosphere change; the service functions for regional and global economy and society all together have rapidly developed into a new interdisciplinary discipline, which is called Cryosphere Science. Being consistent with the directions advocated by the “Future Earth” and the “Earth Commission”, the establishment and development of the scientific system of the Cryosphere Science is internationally forward looking.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Atmospheric Sciences submitted time 2018-11-13 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract： 冰川融水径流的发育和形成过程中，存在大量水化学侵蚀，尤其是K/Na长石及碳酸盐的水解作用，可能消耗水体中H+，促使大气CO2溶于水形成重碳酸盐，影响区域碳循环。2015-7-21～2017-7-18选取相对平坦开阔的西天山科其喀尔冰川表碛物覆盖区利用涡度相关法进行CO2通量监测，结果表明：大气CO2通量介于-17.99～3.59 g•m-2d-1之间，平均为-2.58 g•m-2d-1，说明研究区是一个显著的碳汇。净冰川区系统CO2交换量主要受大气CO2通量支配，但日内变化显著，白天因冰雪消融导致大气CO2沉降于融水中促进区域水化学侵蚀，而夜间因太阳辐射减少，冰雪消融减弱甚至停止，抑制了区域CO2沉降，甚至再生冰的形成引起溶解于液态水中的CO2释放。净冰川区系统CO2交换量与气温呈显著的负相关关系，即气温升高，大气CO2沉降量增加；当降水量小于8.8mm时，交换量随降水量变化不显著，而降水量大于8.8mm时，CO2沉降量随降水量增加而减少。净冰川区系统CO2交换量随日径流量的变率遵循：积雪消融期＞积雪积累期＞冰川消融前期＞冰川消融后期＞冰川消融峰期，意味着积雪消融存在时，系统CO2交换量随日径流量变率较大，可能是因积雪本身的阻尼作用或积雪期水文通道不发育，积雪融水较冰川冰融水汇集相对较慢，为可溶性物质化学反应提供充分时间，增强了CO2沉降。
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2018-11-08 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：大气湍流交换过程中CO2有效源(汇)区域即CO2通量贡献区，在冰川作用区不仅受到水化学侵蚀强度的影响，还受区域微气候的影响，另外，动态的下垫面和复杂地形也增加了实际监测的不确定性。为了评估冰川区CO2通量监测结果的空间代表性，在西天山南坡科其喀尔冰川表碛区利用涡度协方差观测系统进行观测，同时，结合基于KM足迹模型基础上开发的ART Footprint Tool足迹软件对通量贡献区进行分析，结果表明：①积雪积累期主风向以NW为主，风向频率占53.31%；积雪消融期和冰川消融初期NW向主风减少，偏北的NNW风逐渐增多，但冰川消融峰期后又逐渐过渡为NW向风。②积雪积累期雪冰融水几乎消失，但大气CO2通量平均为-0.07 g•m-2•d-1，尤其是白天为-0.88 g•m-2•d-1，仍呈没收现象，是由于白天较强辐射下，少量积雪融水引起可溶性物质淋溶过程中水化学反应没收大气CO2所致；而夜间冰川消融峰期CO2通量值平均为0.33 g•m-2•d-1，呈释放CO2现象，这可能与夜间区域降温及降水过程中溶解的CO2因地表蒸发返回大气所致。③通量贡献率80%以上的各期0.5h数据占比依次为：积雪积累期（95.80%）＞积雪消融期（93.28%）＞冰川消融峰期（86.13%）＞冰川消融初期（81.88%），而足迹最远点分布距离顺序与前者几乎相反，但均分布在主风向下的冰川中流线上，说明对CO2通量监测值有显著影响的贡献区比较集中，也意味着冰川末端及两侧山脊草地CO2通量变化的影响可以忽略。④白天在大气稳态条件下，贡献区解释的CO2通量为(78.55±2.08)%，略高于夜间的(77.72±1.41)%，但显著低于非稳定条件下白天(89.86±0.22)%和夜间(89.45±0.57)%的解释结果，进一步验证了CO2通量贡献区比较集中。
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