Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-03-01 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： Xylem structure traits are the basis for plant adaptation to different water conditions and are core planttraits in response to changes in environmental conditions. The typical shrubs Reaumuria soongarica andCalligonum mongolicum in the northwest desert region were selected as the subjects for comparison betweenstem xylem structure and functional traits to understand the differences or similarities of different species in thesame habitat and the xylem structure plasticity of the same species under different environmental conditions. Theresults showed that (1) Xylem structure traits of R. soongarica and C. mongolicum were significantly different.The mean vessel diameter and vulnerability index of C. mongolicum were significantly higher than those of R.soongarica, whereas the opposite was true for vessel density and vessel grouping index. (2) The patterns ofxylem structure traits in response to climate change differed between R. soongarica and C. mongolicum. Themean vessel diameter and vessel thickness-to-span ratio of C. mongolicum significantly reduced with increasingmean annual precipitation and aridity index, whereas that of R. soongarica were unrelated, and only thetheoretical hydraulic conductivity had a significant positive correlation with the mean annual precipitation andaridity index. (3) There was a trade-off between efficiency and safety in the xylem hydraulic conductivity systemof R. soongarica, whereas none was observed in C. mongolicum. (4) The trait network analysis results indicatedthat the central traits of both R. soongarica and C. mongolicum were mean vessel diameters. Changes in meanvessel diameter mediate changes in the trait network. Xylem structure traits between R. soongarica and C.mongolicum were significantly different, with R. soongarica having a more conservative water use strategy thanC. mongolicum.
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-07-09 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In September 2022, the President of the People’s Republic of China visited Uzbekistan for the first time after the epidemic. In the subsequent joint statement between China and Uzbekistan, China welcomed the adoption of the Aral Sea initiative proposed by Uzbekistan at the General Assembly of the United Nations. The two sides expressed their willingness to actively promote synergy between the Global Development Initiative and projects related to improving the ecological, economic, and social environment of the Aral Sea region under the framework of the United Nations. In this context, this paper describes the current situation of the Aral Sea crisis with a quantitative method and summarizes the necessity and significance of China’s participation in the ecological governance of the Aral Sea using the literature analysis method. The author believes that China has favorable conditions in terms of policies and mechanisms, funds, talents and cooperation foundation in participating in the ecological governance of the Aral Sea, and suggests that under the principle of win-win cooperation, overall coordination, and doing something and leaving something undone, starting from exploring scientific issues and improving people’s livelihood, taking desertification combating, water and soil conservation, modern agricultural technology, and the promotion and utilization of new energy as the starting point, and using China’s wisdom, experience and strength in participating in the ecological governance of the Aral Sea, promoting the development of the green Aral Sea, effectively deepening China’s scientific and technological cooperation with Central Asia, and providing scientific and technological support for the construction of a community with a shared future for China-Central Asia and even high-quality development of the Belt and Road.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The arid region of Northwest China is one of the driest regions in the world and is characterized with severe water scarcity.Water shortage is the most critical natural factor limiting the high-quality economic and social development and ecological security in the arid region of Northwest China. Based on the long-term monitoring data from the field stations of Chinese Academy of Sciences, observation data of meteorological stations, water resources bulletin and the remote sensing data, this study systematically analyzes the basic characteristics of water resources and ecological environment in the arid region of Northwest China, assesses the changing trends of hydrological elements, water resources, and ecological environment. Besides, this study analyzes the changes of water resources carrying capacity in terms of water use structure and water resources utilization efficiency, and puts forward some suggestions on sustainable water resources utilization and ecological and environmental protection. The results show that the temperature in the arid region of Northwest China has increased at a rate of 0.32℃/decade and precipitation has increased at a rate of 9.32 mm/decade. The glaciers are shrinking at accelerating rate and the runoff supplied by glacier/snow meltwater has increased. The amount of water resources has increased by about 11 billion m3 since the mid-1990s. In the past decade, water use efficiency has been improved, water-saving irrigation area has been expanded, and agricultural water production efficiency has been improved due to water conservation and utilization measures. Water environment capacity has been increased, water carrying capacity has been enhanced, surface water area has been expanded, and the ecosystem condition has improved. However, water resources problems are still prominent in the arid region of Northwest China, the intensity of extreme climate and hydrological events has increased, and the ecological environment is still fragile. In the future, it is necessary to further explore the water resources potential of this region, improve the water resources management, and enhance ecological protection and restoration efforts for better adaptation to the possible risks of climate change, so as to provide scientific and technological support for promoting the construction of the “Green Silk Road” and realizing high-quality regional economic and social development.
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2018-06-28 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： 为认识伊犁退化野果林下表层土壤中可培养真菌的多样性，采用稀释平板法从野果林健康果树覆盖区表层土壤（H土）和患病果树覆盖区表层土壤（D土）中分离不同种类的土壤可培养真菌，基于可培养真菌ITS基因序列与NCBI数据库GenBank中的序列进行比对，选择相似性最高的参考菌株序列，并构建系统发育树。结果从退化野果林表层土壤中分离获得25株真菌菌株，隶属3亚门6纲8目11科11属。从H土分离的土壤真菌优势属为青霉属（Penicillium），D土的土壤优势属为青霉属（Penicillium）和镰刀菌属（Fusarium）；聚孢霉属（Clonostachys）和拟青霉属（Purpureocillium）仅存于H土，茎点霉属（Phoma）和小球腔菌属( Leptosphaeria )仅存在于D土。H土可培养真菌Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（2.10）大于D土（1.98），H土均匀度指数（0.91）亦高于D土（0.79）。由此可见，充分认识野果林真菌类群的分布有助于指导果林病虫害防治工作。
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