Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Earth Sciences is a multi-disciplinary science, which takes the interaction of Earth’s various spheres and their resources and environmental effects as the research object. As a comprehensive and systematic science that not only expands the frontier of human knowledge but also serves the social and economic development of human beings, Earth Sciences not only studies the past and reveals the evolution history of the Earth, but also faces the future and provides solutions for the sustainable development of human beings. Based on the analysis of the international development trends of Earth Sciences and the summary of the development status and sci-tech funding of Earth Sciences in China, this study proposed that the future development direction and research plan of Earth Sciences in China should be arranged from the perspective of system science and national needs; and from the perspective of the Earth system as a whole, while attention should be paid to the interaction of various spheres and elements in the Earth system and their influence on the social and economic development of human beings. It is extremely necessary to guide the development directions of Earth Sciences research with “Four Orientations”, carry out major scientific research in an organized way, and improve the mechanisms of sci-tech funding and evaluation, so that the research achievements can better serve the national major strategic needs.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Science and technology are fundamental elements of a nation’s power, while basic science is the fundamental base of science and technology development. Only by emphasizing on basic science research could China always improve the capacity of independent innovation. Basic science research, as the original source of knowledge and technology, promotes social and economic development and meanwhile extends the human knowledge frontier. Today, many countries’ policies focus on the substantial promoting effects of basic science research on social and economic development. Basic science research should not only explore the new frontier but also meet the needs of social development. This paper focuses on social needs and elaborates basic science research development in life and health, social development, Earth environment improvement, and transformative technology.
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2019-03-07 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：草原作为我国最大的陆地生态系统，对生态安全、生物多样性、畜牧业等具有重要的意义，但草原生态承载力有限，随着人口和社会经济压力的不断增加，对草原的过度利用导致草原生态破坏严重，草原生态系统面临巨大威胁。为了恢复和保护草原生态系统，2002年前后国家在草原破坏严重的地区实施禁牧政策。政策实施以来，草原得到很大程度的恢复，生态效果明显，但政策实施过程中也出现了一些新的问题。探索北方农牧交错区草原利用效率和存在的问题可为进一步制定相关政策提供依据，对北方农牧交错区的生态环境修复和可持续发展有重要的意义。本文通过对相关文献的综述和典型禁牧区的研究，从禁牧政策的效益、问题和农户支持度等方面，进行了研究和论述，主要结论包括：（1）北方农牧交错区草原生态承载力低，生态赤字严重。（2）禁牧政策虽对生态环境的改善起到很大作用，但在一些禁牧区，当地政府不能因地制宜实施禁牧政策，再加上配套实施和基础设施滞后，草场界限模糊以及政策宣传和监管力度不够等问题导致了新的草原退化，草原生态恢复大打折扣。（3）禁牧政策实施对农户的生产和生活造成一定的影响，部分农户无法顺利完成生计方式的转型，又因生态补偿标准低和补偿有失公平等问题无法弥补禁牧造成的经济损失，导致农户生活水平有所下降，加深了生态环境与农户生计之间的矛盾，部分农户对禁牧政策的支持度较低。
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