Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The source region of Yellow River is the most important water source and in contributing more than 37% of the total streamflow of the whole Yellow River, which makes great significance for water resources security, food production, and the ecological environment in the lower reaches of the river. Clarifying the changes in climatic hydrology and vegetation coverage, especially grassland degradation in the source region of Yellow River is not only a prerequisite for a deep understanding of the hydrological cycle mechanism of this region, but also an accurate grasp of the water resources and ecological environment in the source region and in the middle and lower reaches. Moreover, it is the core issue of implementing the requirements of President Xi Jinping’s “ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin”. According to the meteorological datasets, the source region of Yellow River has experienced a significant warming and wetting process since 1951, and has declined in the 1990s, but the temperature and precipitation have increased at a faster rate since 2000, which has led to the melting of glacial and snow, the increased evapotranspiration, and shrinkage of frozen soil. However, due to the intensification of water loss in various processes and the impact of human activities, this humidification cannot be converted into effective water resources, and the observed and natural streamflow have shown decreasing trends. Moreover, the continuously degraded grassland has continuously reduced the regional water conservation capacity and the ecological environment has continued to deteriorate. Facing the severe water resources and ecological environment challenges of the source region of Yellow River, we recommend that (1) ecological environmental protection be given priority; (2) the orderly development and utilization of water resources; (3) the harmonious coexistence of social production and the natural environment; and (4) the implementation of an orderly adaptation to climate change as a strategic perspective.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The Yellow River is known as China’s Mother River, which fosters the great and profound Chinese civilization. However, the frequent flood and drought disasters have also brought serious disasters to the people who live in the Yellow River Basin. At present, significant changes have taken place in the climate and hydrological processes of the Yellow River Basin due to global warming and human activities. The warming and drying climate and increase of human water use in the Yellow River Basin have led to an increase in hydrological drought. Although the Grain for Green program has greatly improved the vegetation coverage on the Loess Plateau and effectively inhibited severe soil erosion, but also enhanced the soil desiccation and enlarged the dry soil layers in this area. These phenomena are not only the major challenges for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, but also the basic scientific issues which related to the coordinated development of climate-water-ecology-society.
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2020-07-02 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：利用中亚地区65个气象站的逐日最高气温数据，结合ERA-Interim再分析资料以及经纬度、海拔数据，构建了随机森林插值模型，并验证了其可靠性。基于该模型补全了气象站缺失值，获得完整的站点逐日最高气温数据集TStation_f，并插值得到中亚1979—2016年空间分辨率为0.75°×0.75°的逐日最高气温格点数据集TRFIM_G。基于TRFIM_G进一步分析了中亚1979—2016年夏季极端高温指数时空变化特征。结果表明：中亚区域平均极端高温指数增速在0.22—0.30℃·(10a)-1，显著增温的区域主要分布在哈萨克斯坦的西部、土库曼斯坦大部、乌兹别克斯坦东南部等地区。基于TRFIM_G得到的夏季极端高温指数增速显著大于基于TStation_f得到的结果，这表明用站点观测数据对该地区夏季极端高温趋势的估计明显偏低。本研究得到的数据集可在一定程度上弥补使用站点观测数据片面刻画中亚地区极端高温变化的缺陷，有助于更确切地引导人们在应对极端天气气候事件时采取相应的减缓和适应措施。
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