Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The Tarim River is the largest inland river in China, and had historically nine river systems and one main stream with 144 rivers. At present, only the Aksu River, the Hetian River, the Yarkant River, and the Kaidu-Kongque River have surface hydraulic connections with the main stream of the Tarim River. The connectivity of river systems and ecological protection in the Tarim River Basin are very prominent. In the past 30 years, the downstream of the cut-off river has become the most serious area of ecological degradation in the Tarim River Basin. Based on field investigation and sample pilot survey, this paper systematically analyzes the problems existing in the river system connectivity of the Tarim River Basin, and points out that the connectivity of the river system is poor and the ability to withstand extreme climatic hydrological events is insufficient. The area of cultivated land continues to expand, and the proportion of agricultural water use is too high, which strongly occupies the ecological water use, leading to the cutoff of river channels, dismember of rivers, and damage to the integrity of river basin water system. The groundwater overexploitation causes the groundwater level to drop sharply, the surface ecology process is damaged, and the ecology hidden worry is prominent. In view of this, the following points are put forward: (1) promote and realize scientific management of water resources in Tarim River Basin from mechanism and system. Brought the five source streams that have been cut off into the unified management of the Tarim River
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2021-08-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：为了解生态输水后地下水埋深和植被的变化，采用统计方法和遥感影像数据分析输水后孔雀河地下水埋深时空变化特征、地下水埋深和累积输水量的关系以及输水后NDVI和植被覆盖度的变化。结果表明：从时间变化来看，生态输水后孔雀河地下水埋深呈现稳步抬升趋势，年内地下水埋深变化主要受人类农业生产活动影响；从空间变化来看，垂直于河道方向上各断面地下水埋深的抬升幅度随距离的增加而减小，沿河道方向上，中游断面埋深抬升变化量最大；地下水埋深与累积生态输水量呈负相关，中游断面相关性最显著；2016—2019年上游和中游断面所在的研究河段NDVI分别增长了64.28%和100%，下游河段NDVI值稳定在0.05，距河道2 km范围内植被覆盖度呈增长趋势。生态输水对孔雀河流域地下水埋深和植被已产生积极作用，建议在未来的生态输水过程中保持合理输水量的同时，加强地下水监管力度，保护生态安全。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Hydrology submitted time 2021-06-17 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract： 胡杨是世界重要的林木基因资源，且具有重要的生态功能。以塔里木河下游为研究靶区， 结合实地监测资料和文献阅读，对胡杨水分获取、传导和耗散等水分传输过程方面进行了综述和 分析。成年胡杨主要利用地下水和深层土壤水，而幼苗由于类型和立地水土环境的不同，水分来 源也不同。干旱环境下，胡杨叶片水分传输效率增加，但同时也伴随着水力失调风险的增加；成年 胡杨通过下调木质部导水率减少水分蒸腾，而幼苗则通过提高导水能力以获取更多的水分。胡杨根系具有水力提升作用，提升的水量一般可为其蒸腾提供 10%~39%的水量。胡杨液流通量密度一 般在 0.005~0.040 L•cm-2•h-1 之间，且随着地下水埋深的增加而减小，胡杨林的年蒸散发量在 296.7~ 750.0 mm 之间。未来可加强胡杨根-茎-叶间水分传输互作机理的研究，进一步精确量化胡杨水分来源，将估算蒸散发的尺度扩展到胡杨林生态系统。
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