Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Cryospheric Science, as an emerging interdisciplinary research field combining natural science and humanity, aims to understand nature’s law, serve human society and promote sustainable development. In recent years, by deepening the understanding of the cryosphere elements and the whole sphere, and by expanding the application research of cryospheric science, the Chinese community of cryospheric science has developed by leaps and bounds and realized the crossover from the traditional basic research to serving the major national needs, which marks the increasing maturity of the discipline. The Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games is a major landmark event at an important historical time in China. The special need of using snow and ice as the sports interface has led China’s cryosphere scientific team to focus on tackling key technical links of icy snow physics since 2016, and promoted the development of China’s cryosphere scientific application research in the past five years. In view of the key technology of snow service for the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games and the national needs of ice and snow economic development, a research team was formed by the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, in cooperation with scientific institutions (such as Beijing Normal University, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, and Harbin Sport University) and first-class enterprises in the domestic ice and snow industry (such as Yabuli Sports Training Base, National Alpine Skiing Centre, and Genting Snow Park). The team has solved many technical problems, including snow making, icy snow track making, snow quality prediction and snow storage. The team studied the impact of climate change on China’s ski tourism and how ice and snow tourism can help with the sustainable development of mountainous regions economy. It also trained the first batch of graduate students and core technicians of ski resorts in China. This paper summarizes the key snow-making technology of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games, and projects the development path of China’s ice and snow industry. It expounds the application and expansion of cryospheric science from the perspective of strategic thinking, knowledge building and practical innovation, and puts forward relevant thoughts and suggestions.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Global warming is rapidly melting the cryosphere, triggering a scramble for control of resources and shipping lanes in the cryosphere, especially in the Arctic, and the world is entering the age of cryopolitics driven by climate change. Based on the analyses on the background of cryopolitics formation, this article discusses the connotation and characteristics of cryopolitics, and analyzes the geopolitical competition in the Arctic in the past 20 years from the perspective of realism, including the competition between the Arctic nations for the delimitation of the extended continental shelf of 200 nautical miles, and military competition for Arctic resources and navigation channel control among these nations, especially between Russia and the United States. Finally, some suggestions for China’s participation in the international governance of the cryosphere are put forward.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Ice core is an important carrier of the past climatic and environmental change information. In this paper, we firstly introduced how ice cores record past climatic and environmental changes. Then, we elaborated the achievements of ice core research in the past climate change, levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases, solar activity, volcanic eruptions, and human activities. Thirdly, the role of ice core research in promoting relevant environmental policy making was stated, such as the ban on Pb additives in gasoline and greenhouse gas emission reduction policies. And finally, it was suggested that the state should establish a National Ice Core Facility to drill and store the ice cores from the Three Poles (Antarctic, Arctic, and the Third Pole) to serve the future scientific research and national development.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Since the 1980s, the establishment and development of modern climate system theory have promoted the cross integration of cryospheric science and climatology, thus giving birth to a new branch of cryospheric science—cryospheric climatology. The formation and evolution of cryosphere are closely related to the earth’s climate. Now it is generally recognized that cryosphere is not only the product of climate under certain conditions, but also its changes affect the weather and climate, and affect the social economy and sustainable development of human beings. Cryospheric climatology is a science that studies the interaction between cryosphere and atmosphere and its physical mechanism. Starting from the introduction of the development history of cryospheric climatology, this paper systematically explains its basic concepts and subject characteristics. Cryospheric climatology focuses on the role of cryosphere in the formation and anomaly of weather, climate, and general atmospheric circulations, the process and mechanism of interaction between cryosphere and atmosphere, the development of climate system model and cryosphere models, the projection of change in climate and cryosphere, and the service function of cryospheric climatology to social economy. We will continue to deepen the understanding of interaction process and mechanism between the cryosphere and the atmosphere, and promote the development of parameterization schemes for the processes of terrestrial cryosphere, marine cryosphere, and atmospheric cryosphere towards refinement, quantification, and complexity. In particular, we will focus on considering the spatial-temporal scales of nonlinear effects among different components and elements of the cryosphere. The development of global and regional climate system model coupled with cryosphere processes is the future trend of cryospheric climatology.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The cryosphere is one of the five major spheres of the climate system. It plays an important role in the earth system with its huge fresh water reserves, latent heat of phase transitions, greenhouse gases, and unique species and cultural structures. The formation, change mechanism, and process of cryosphere; the interactions with atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere; the influences and adaptations of cryosphere change; the service functions for regional and global economy and society all together have rapidly developed into a new interdisciplinary discipline, which is called Cryosphere Science. Being consistent with the directions advocated by the “Future Earth” and the “Earth Commission”, the establishment and development of the scientific system of the Cryosphere Science is internationally forward looking.
Hits
Hits
Downloads
Comment