Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Black soil region in Northeast is one of important commercial food production bases in China, and is irreplaceable for the national food security. However, the sustainable development of agriculture in Northeast has been severely constrained by soil degradation caused by long-term intensive and unbalanced use of arable land without protection of it. To solve this problem, original Heilongjiang Institute of Agricultural Modernization, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) established Hailun Agro-ecosystem Experimental Station (Hailun Station), CAS in the central black soil region in Northeast in 1978. Since then, a series of long-term experiments have been set up based on the structure and function of the region. The evolution of soil fertility has been divided into three periods in light of the long-term monitoring and research for key elements in agro-ecosystem. The thresholds of soil organic matter on regional scale were proposed, and the evolution of soil fertility under different management patterns of soil nutrients was expounded, which verified that appropriate arrangement of field crops could regulate and control the impact of pests on crops. 10 high-yield soybean varieties were bred with pedigree method and were applied in Heilongjiang Province. Through the research and development of critical technologies for constructing fertile cultivated soil layer, the protection and utilization patterns of black soil were established, which were demonstrated and extended in more than 10 major grain-producing counties in Heilongjiang Province. Long-term research provides scientific and technological support for the protection of black soil and regional agricultural development through the combination of basic research, critical techniques development and large-scale demonstration.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The Science and Technology Innovation Project of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization (Black Soil Granary) is a Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), it is the core measure of the “Science and Technology (Sci-Tech) Campaign for Black Soil Granary” launched by CAS together with provinces and autonomous region of Northeast China, and also the core measures to implement General Secretary Xi Jinping’s series guiding principle relating to well utilize and protect the black soil in Northeast China. Better utilization and protection of black soil is crucially important to the national food security, and the program of Black Soil Granary aims to solve the key major scientific problems for black soil. According to the principles of question-oriented, led by innovation, and promoted by demonstration, the program will conduct key technological breakthroughs and demonstrating mature technologies following the specification of “purposeful, assessable, applicable, influential, popularizable, and continuable”. It is expected that, through the implementation of the Black Soil Granary program, Chinese Academy of Sciences can provide systematic resolutions for the better utilization and protection of black soil, and support national food security and modern agriculture development.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The protection and reasonable utilization of black land and developing a powerful nation in the grain industry are the cornerstone for safeguarding the national security. This study focuses on the main agricultural sources including soil, water, seed, fertilizer, farm chemicals, etc., and analyzes the key problems in grain production, ecological security, and sustainable development in black land in Northeast China. This study proposes to strengthen the research and development of technology and the relevant equipment for the protection of black land and increasing crop yield; to develop the reduction of soil obstacle factor and stress-tolerant plants planting modes; to build a long-term mechanism for black land protection and to comprehensively promote the intensive land management and mechanized production; to fasten the transition of traditional agriculture to precision and smart agriculture and to construct a coordinated and safe development mode for multiple ecosystems. The Chinese Academy of Sciences should give full play to its institutional and multidisciplinary advantages, and build a close union with local government, enterprise and farmers, thereby tackling the key problems and promoting the popularization of core technologies in the protective utilization of black land and soil health management.
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