Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Plant Protection submitted time 2018-07-18 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The emergence of genome editing technology has far-reaching significance for plant genetic breeding andimprovement ofcrop traits. CRISPR/Cas (clustered orderedinterspaced short palindromic repeat) is a cluster of regularly spaced short palindromic repeats used by prokaryotes (40% bacteria and 90% archaea) to resist the invasion of foreign genetic material (phage and viruses). The immune system consists of its associated proteins. CRISPR acts as an RNA-based acquired immune defense system. Its spacer sequence shares homology with phage or plasmid sequences and can use target-specific RNA to direct the Cas protein to target genes that are genetically incorrectin almostall organisms andcells.Compared with the gene editing technology of zinc finger nuclease ZFN and transcriptional activator-like effectorribozyme TALEN, it has the advantages of being flexible, efficient, cheap, and easy to operate, rapidly surpassing the previous technology, and becoming the hottest site-specific gene editing tool. In addition, CRISPR/Cas technology hasbroad application prospectsinfunctionalgene screening,transcriptional regulation, epigenetic regulation, and DNA imaging. CRISPR/Cas technology is bound to change biological research methods and promote the development of biotechnology. Therefore, since its first application in 2013, it has rapidly been accepted by many Chinese and foreign researchers and applied to research,and hasbecome anew hotspot in the field of life science research.At present,there are many cases of genomic editing reported in plants using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The CRISPR/Cas9 geneediting technology hasbeensuccessfully implemented inArabidopsisthaliana, Nicotiana abenthamiana, Oryzasativa, Triticumaestivum, Zea mays, Tomato and other large-scale plants. The application of fixed-point genome editing also extends to various types of plants. However,CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology haslow applicationin non-patterns, especially in some small crops, as compared with model species and some large crops. The problems such as vector construction, target design, off-target detection, and homologous recombination need to be further addressed. perfect. This paper summarizes recent advances in CRISPR/Cas9 technology and research on non-model plants andsmall crops,and discussesthe limitationsof this technology in the application of non-model plants and small crops. Finally, the research prospects of the CRISPR/Cas9 system were prospected, which provided references for related researchers. It is believed that with the further development of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, these problems will eventually be overcome, and its emergence will certainly bring about better development of plant geneticengineering.
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