Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Poverty alleviation or mitigation through science and technology is one of the strategies implemented in China. Grassbased Livestock Husbandry aims to develop sustainable and profitable ruminant farming systems and is an attractive and effective countermeasure for poverty alleviation in grasslands of China. Our survey indicated that 152 counties in the grassland region are in poverty, representing 56.7% of the total 268 counties. Hence, grasslands are the regions where the “hard core” poverty populations reside. As a pilot initiative, Chinese Academy of Sciences has launched projects in the grasslands in the north and the moutain meadows in the south to couple forage cultivation and processing with husbandry of elite local livestock breeds by improving the efficiency of converters of feed to products, and the projects have substantially helped local people increase their household incomes. Nationwidely, the grassland occupies more than 40% of the total national land area, hence the sustainable development of grass-based livestock farming systems could play a central role and have great potential in poverty alleviation.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： High-yield and high-quality forage varieties are the key to sustainable development of grass-based livestock husbandry in China. However, the forage breeding was started late in China, and the progress is very slow, and the forage varieties of independent intellectual property rights are seriously lacked. Forages generally have self-incompatibility, natural allogamy, polysomic inheritance, and marked inbreeding effects. Subsequently, it is difficult to characterize agronomically important complex traits, resulting that the breeding technology is still in the 2.0 era of hybrid breeding. The molecular design-based breeding is a fine strategy to speed up the breeding process, however, there is a lack of theoretical and technical system for the molecular design based forage breeding. Recently, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has launched the strategic priority program “Establishing Scientific and Technological System of Ecological Grass and Animal Husbandry”, to dissect complex forage genomes, establish a new molecular design-based forage breeding technologies, and breed high-yield and high-quality forage varieties with independent intellectual property rights.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： With increasing awareness of balanced and healthy diet, the demand for ruminant products has been drastically increasing in China over the past decades. Grass-based Livestock Husbandry (GLiH), a new paradigm for agricultural restructuring and sustainable development, is highly encouraged to meet such demand. Yet, the country’s own production cannot self-support the demand, as envisaged by the soaring import of both red meats and forage products, albeit half of the nation’s cereal production is devoted to animal feed and forage crop production area amounts to 12 million ha. With the affluent population and limited arable land, China is facing challenge to explore possible land areas for GLiH development. We argue that one of the effective ways is to transform the lowand middle-yield fields, which account for over 70% of the cultivated lands, into forage crop production. Our analysis indicated that cultivation of forage crops could avoid the risks of low yield and low economic returns frequently occurring for cereal production on such lands. Furthermore, a forage-cereal rotation cropping system can significantly increase dry mass production, reduce the incidence of pest and disease damage, and ameliorate soil physical and chemical properties by improving soil organic matter, soil fertility and reducing salt and alkaline constraints. Three scenarios have been projected for the potential of the exploitation of low- and middleyielding land for livestock production, and the amount of the red meat production is estimated to be 17.98, 21.58, and 26.98 million tons, respectively, which are 1.6, 1.9, and 2.4 times of the current production nationwide. A case study for Shandong Province is further presented, demonstrating that exploring the saline-alkali land at the Yellow River Delta for forage crop production could substantially alleviate the shortage of forage supplies and optimize the agricultural infrastructure of the province.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： With over 1.3 billion people, food security is always the No. 1 issue in the governmental agenda in China, and sustainable food production requires innovation in crop breeding. This paper outlines the research effort and output of the past five years of a grand project of Chinese Academy of Sciences of the Innovation System of Designer Breeding by Molecular Modules, and provides a few examples of how to combine the cutting-edge theories and technologies of life sciences to design rice varieties and other species. The achievements demonstrate that the project has made substantial progresses in designer breeding by using molecular modules.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Maize is one of the most important food crops and plays a decisive role in the people's livelihood and national economy in China. Its sustained and stable production is of great strategic significance for ensuring food security and supply-side structural reform. Although traditional hybrid breeding technology has made a great contribution to increasing maize production, it can no longer satisfy the demand for a better life of current society. With the rapid development of modern biotechnology, molecular breeding has become an important direction and an inevitable choice for maize breeding, and the molecular module-based crop design technology, by combining multiple disciplines to achieve multi-module optimization and assembly at the whole genome level, will greatly promote maize breeding in China. Here, we provide an overview on the development of maize breeding technology and the significant achievements of molecular module-based technology in maize breeding recently. Finally, directions for maize breeding in future are also discussed.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In recent years, crop molecular maker assisted selection has been developing rapidly in China. Automatic seed chipper is the key equipment that affects the breeding scale and speed. The related technology is developing very fast, and will improve the level of crop breeding in the future. Here we introduce the value of automatic seed chipper in crop breeding, the domestic and international development status and technical principle. We also describe the technical characteristics of China’s first commercial breeding seed chip equipment in detail, and point out the development in our breeding seed chip equipment.
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