Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Minhee Hyun
Myungshin Im
Ian R. Smail
William D. Cotton
Jack E. Birkin
Satoshi Kikuta
Hyunjin Shim
Christopher N. A. Willmer
James J. Condon
Rogier A. Windhorst
Seth H. Cohen
Rolf A. Jansen
Chun Ly
Yuichi Matsuda
Giovanni G. Fazio
A. M. Swinbank
Haojing Yan
Abstract： The James Webb Space Telescope Time-Domain Field (JWST-TDF) is an $\sim$14$'$ diameter field near the North Ecliptic Pole that will be targeted by one of the JWST Guaranteed Time Observations programs. Here, we describe our James Clerk Maxwell Telescope SCUBA-2 850 $\mu$m imaging of the JWST-TDF and present the submillimeter source catalog and properties. We also present a catalog of radio sources from Karl J. Jansky Very Large Array 3 GHz observations of the field. These observations were obtained to aid JWST's study of the dust-obscured galaxies that contribute significantly to the cosmic star formation at high redshifts. Our deep 850 $\mu$m map covers the JWST TDF at a noise level of $\sigma_{850}$ = 1.0 mJy beam$^{-1}$, detecting 83/31 sources in the main/supplementary signal-to-noise ratio (S/N $>$ 4 / S/N = 3.5 - 4) sample respectively. The 3 GHz observations cover a 24$'$ diameter field with a 1 $\sigma$ noise of 1$\mu$Jy beam$^{-1}$ at a 0$.\!\!^{\prime\prime}$7 FWHM. We identified eighty-five 3 GHz counterparts to sixty-six 850 $\mu$m sources and then matched these with multiwavelength data from the optical to the mid-infrared wave bands. We performed spectral energy distribution fitting for 61 submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) matched with optical/near-infrared data, and found that SMGs at S/N $>$ 4 have a median value of $z_{phot} = $2.22 $\pm$ 0.12, star formation rates of 300 $\pm$ 40 M$_{\odot}\,{\rm yr^{-1}}$ (Chabrier initial mass function), and typical cold dust masses of 5.9 $\pm$ 0.7 $ \times$ 10$^{8} $M$_{\odot}$, in line with bright SMGs from other surveys. The large cold dust masses indicate correspondingly large cool gas masses, which we suggest are a key factor necessary to drive the high star formation rates seen in this population
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Haojing Yan
Seth H. Cohen
Rogier A. Windhorst
Rolf A. Jansen
Zhiyuan Ma
John F. Beacom
Cheng Cheng
Jia-Sheng Huang
Norman A. Grogin
S. P. Willner
Min Yun
Heidi B. Hammel
Stefanie N. Milam
Christopher J. Conselice
Simon P. Driver
Brenda Frye
Madeline A. Marshall
Anton Koekemoer
Christopher N. A. Willmer
Aaron Robotham
Abstract： Using the first epoch of four-band NIRCam observations obtained by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science Program in the Spitzer IRAC Dark Field, we search for F150W and F200W dropouts. In 14.2 arcmin^2, we have found eight F150W dropouts and eight F200W dropouts, all brighter than 27.5 mag (the brightest being ~24 mag) in the band to the red side of the break. As they are detected in multiple bands, these must be real objects. Their nature, however, is unclear, and characterizing their properties is important for realizing the full potential of JWST. If the observed color decrements are due to the Lyman break, these objects should be at z >~ 11.7 and z >~ 15.4, respectively. The color diagnostics show that at least four F150W dropouts are far away from the usual contaminators encountered in dropout searches (red galaxies at much lower redshifts or brown dwarf stars). While the diagnostics of the F200W dropouts are less certain due to the limited number of passbands, at least one of them is likely not a known type of contaminant, and the rest are consistent with either high-redshift galaxies with evolved stellar populations or old galaxies at z ~ 3 to 8. If a significant fraction of our dropouts are indeed at z ~ 12, we have to face the severe problem of explaining their high luminosities and number densities. Spectroscopic identifications of such objects are urgently needed.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Kenneth J. Duncan
Rogier A. Windhorst
Anton M. Koekemoer
Huub J. A. Röttgering
Seth H. Cohen
Rolf A. Jansen
Jake Summers
Scott Tompkins
Christopher J. Conselice
Simon P. Driver
Haojing Yan
Nathan J. Adams
Cheng Cheng
Dan Coe
Jose M. Diego
Hervé Dole
Brenda Frye
Hansung B. Gim
Norman A. Grogin
Benne W. Holwerda
Abstract： We present the first JWST observations of the $z=4.11$ luminous radio galaxy TN J1338$-$1942, obtained as part of the "Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science" (PEARLS) project. Our NIRCam observations, designed to probe the key rest-frame optical continuum and emission line features at this redshift, enable resolved spectral energy distribution modelling that incorporates both a range of stellar population assumptions and radiative shock models. With an estimated stellar mass of $\log_{10}(M/\text{M}_{\odot}) \sim 10.9$, TN J1338$-$1942 is confirmed to be one of the most massive galaxies known at this epoch. Our observations also reveal extremely high equivalent-width nebular emission coincident with the luminous AGN jets that is consistent with radiative shocks surrounded by extensive recent star-formation. We estimate the total star-formation rate (SFR) could be as high as $\sim1800\,\text{M}_{\odot}\,\text{yr}^{-1}$, with the SFR that we attribute to the jet induced burst conservatively $\gtrsim500\,\text{M}_{\odot}\,\text{yr}^{-1}$. The mass-weighted age of the star-formation, $t_{\text{mass}} <4$ Myr, is consistent with the likely age of the jets responsible for the triggered activity and significantly younger than that measured in the core of the host galaxy. The extreme scale of the potential jet-triggered star-formation activity indicates the potential importance of positive AGN feedback in the earliest stages of massive galaxy formation, with our observations also illustrating the extraordinary prospects for detailed studies of high-redshift galaxies with JWST.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Rogier A. Windhorst
Seth H. Cohen
Rolf A. Jansen
Jake Summers
Scott Tompkins
Christopher J. Conselice
Simon P. Driver
Haojing Yan
Dan Coe
Brenda Frye
Norman Grogin
Anton Koekemoer
Madeline A. Marshall
Rosalia O'Brien
Nor Pirzkal
Aaron Robotham
Russell E. Ryan,
Christopher N. A. Willmer
Timothy Carleton
Jose M. Diego
Abstract： We give an overview and describe the rationale, methods, and first results from NIRCam images of the JWST "Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science" ("PEARLS") project. PEARLS uses up to eight NIRCam filters to survey several prime extragalactic survey areas: two fields at the North Ecliptic Pole (NEP); seven gravitationally lensing clusters; two high redshift proto-clusters; and the iconic backlit VV 191 galaxy system to map its dust attenuation. PEARLS also includes NIRISS spectra for one of the NEP fields and NIRSpec spectra of two high-redshift quasars. The main goal of PEARLS is to study the epoch of galaxy assembly, AGN growth, and First Light. Five fields, the JWST NEP Time-Domain Field (TDF), IRAC Dark Field (IDF), and three lensing clusters, will be observed in up to four epochs over a year. The cadence and sensitivity of the imaging data are ideally suited to find faint variable objects such as weak AGN, high-redshift supernovae, and cluster caustic transits. Both NEP fields have sightlines through our Galaxy, providing significant numbers of very faint brown dwarfs whose proper motions can be studied. Observations from the first spoke in the NEP TDF are public. This paper presents our first PEARLS observations, their NIRCam data reduction and analysis, our first object catalogs, the 0.9-4.5 $\mu$m galaxy counts and Integrated Galaxy Light. We assess the JWST sky brightness in 13 NIRCam filters, yielding our first constraints to diffuse light at 0.9-4.5 {\mu}m. PEARLS is designed to be of lasting benefit to the community.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Cheng Cheng
Jia-Sheng Huang
Ian Smail
Haojing Yan
Seth H. Cohen
Rolf A. Jansen
Rogier A. Windhorst
Zhiyuan Ma
Anton Koekemoer
Christopher N. A. Willmer
S. P. Willner
Jose M. Diego
Brenda Frye
Christopher J. Conselice
Leonardo Ferreira
Andreea Petric
Min Yun
Hansung B. Gim
Maria del Carmen Polletta
Kenneth J. Duncan
Abstract： We report the results of James Webb Space Telescope/NIRCam observations of 19
(sub)millimeter (submm/mm) sources detected by the Atacama Large Millimeter
Array (ALMA). The accurate ALMA positions allowed unambiguous identifications
of their NIRCam counterparts. Taking gravitational lensing into account, these
represent 16 distinct galaxies in three fields and constitute the largest
sample of its kind to date. The counterparts' spectral energy distributions
from rest-frame ultraviolet to near infrared provide photometric redshifts
($1
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
William C. Keel
Rogier A. Windhorst
Rolf A. Jansen
Seth H. Cohen
Jake Summers
Benne Holwerda
Sarah T. Bradford
Clayton D. Robertson
Giovanni Ferrami
Stuart Wyithe
Haojing Yan
Christopher J. Conselice
Simon P. Driver
Aaron Robotham
Norman A. Grogin
Christopher N. A. Willmer
Anton M. Koekemoer
Brenda L. Frye
Nimish P. Hathi
Russell E. Ryan,
Abstract： We derive the spatial and wavelength behavior of dust attenuation in the multiple-armed spiral galaxy VV191b using backlighting by the superimposed elliptical system VV191a in a pair with an exceptionally favorable geometry for this measurement. Imaging using JWST and HST spans the wavelength range 0.3-4.5 microns with high angular resolution, tracing the dust in detail from 0.6 to 1.5 microns. Distinct dust lanes continue well beyond the bright spiral arms, and trace a complex web, with a very sharp radial cutoff near 1.7 Petrosian radii. We present attenuation profiles and coverage statistics in each band at radii 14-21 kpc. We derive the attenuation law with wavelength; the data both within and between the dust lanes clearly favor a stronger reddening behavior (R ~ 2.0 between 0.6 and 0.9 microns, approaching unity by 1.5 microns) than found for starbursts and star-forming regions of galaxies. Power-law extinction behavior lambda^(-beta) gives beta=2.1 from 0.6-0.9 microns. R decreases at increasing wavelengths (R~1.1 between 0.9 and 1.5 microns), while beta steepens to 2.5. Mixing regions of different column density flattens the wavelength behavior, so these results suggest a different grain population than in our vicinity. The NIRCam images reveal a lens arc and counterimage from a background galaxy at z~1, spanning 90 degrees azimuthally at 2.8" from the foreground elliptical galaxy nucleus, and an additional weakly-lensed galaxy. The lens model and imaging data give a mass/light ratio 7.6 in solar units within the Einstein radius 2.0 kpc.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Timothy Carleton
Seth H. Cohen
Brenda Frye
Alex Pigarelli
Jiashuo Zhang
Rogier A. Windhorst
Jose M. Diego
Christopher J. Conselice
Cheng Cheng
Simon P. Driver
Nicholas Foo
Rachana A. Bhatawdekar
Patrick Kamieneski
Rolf A. Jansen
Haojing Yan
Jake Summers
Aaron Robotham
Christopher N. A. Willmer
Anton Koekemoer
Scott Tompkins
Abstract： A full understanding of how unusually large "Ultra Diffuse Galaxies" (UDGs) fit into our conventional theory of dwarf galaxy formation remains elusive, despite the large number of objects identified locally. A natural extension of UDG research is the study of similar galaxies at higher redshift to establish how their properties may evolve over time. However, this has been a challenging task given how severely cosmological surface brightness dimming inhibits our ability to detect low-surface brightness galaxies at high-$z$. Here, we present a sample of low stellar surface density galaxies (LDGs) at moderate redshift, likely the progenitors of local UDGs, identified in deep near-IR {\it JWST} observations of the El Gordo cluster at $z=0.87$. By stacking 8 NIRCAM filters, reach an apparent surface brightness sensitivity of 24.59~mag~arcsec$^{-2}$, faint enough to be complete to the bright end of the LDG population. Our analysis identifies significant differences between this population and UDGs observed locally, including differences in their color and size distributions, which suggest that the UDG progenitors at high-$z$ are bluer and more extended than UDGs at $z=0$. This suggests that multiple mechanisms are responsible for UDG formation and that prolonged transformation of cluster dwarfs is not a primary UDG formation mechanism at high-$z$. Furthermore, we find a slight overabundance of LDGs in El Gordo, and, in contrast to findings in local clusters, our analysis does not show a deficit of LDGs in the center of El Gordo, implying that tidal destruction of LDGs is significant between $z=0.87$ and $z=0$.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Jorge A. Zavala
Veronique Buat
Caitlin M. Casey
Denis Burgarella
Steven L. Finkelstein
Micaela B. Bagley
Laure Ciesla
Emanuele Daddi
Mark Dickinson
Henry C. Ferguson
Maximilien Franco
E. F. Jim'enez-Andrade
Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe
Anton M. Koekemoer
Aurélien Le Bail
E. J. Murphy
Casey Papovich
Sandro Tacchella
Stephen M. Wilkins
Itziar Aretxaga
Abstract： Lyman Break Galaxy (LBG) candidates at z>10 are rapidly being identified in JWST/NIRCam observations. Due to the (redshifted) break produced by neutral hydrogen absorption of rest-frame UV photons, these sources are expected to drop out in the bluer filters while being well detected in redder filters. However, here we show that dust-enshrouded star-forming galaxies at lower redshifts (z<7) may also mimic the near-infrared (near-IR) colors of z>10 LBGs, representing potential contaminants in LBG candidate samples. First, we analyze CEERS-DSFG-1, a NIRCam dropout undetected in the F115W and F150W filters but detected at longer wavelengths. Combining the JWST data with (sub)millimeter constraints, including deep NOEMA interferometric observations, we show that this source is a dusty star-forming galaxy (DSFG) at z~5.1. We also present a tentative 2.6sigma SCUBA-2 detection at 850um around a recently identified z~16 LBG candidate in the same field and show that, if the emission is real and associated with this candidate, the available photometry is consistent with a z~5 dusty galaxy with strong nebular emission lines despite its blue near-IR colors. Further observations on this candidate are imperative to mitigate the low confidence of this tentative submillimeter emission and its positional uncertainty. Our analysis shows that robust (sub)millimeter detections of NIRCam dropout galaxies likely imply z=4-6 redshift solutions, where the observed near-IR break would be the result of a strong rest-frame optical Balmer break combined with high dust attenuation and strong nebular line emission, rather than the rest-frame UV Lyman break. This provides evidence that DSFGs may contaminate searches for ultra high-redshift LBG candidates from JWST observations.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Cheng Cheng
Jia-Sheng Huang
Ian Smail
Haojing Yan
Seth H. Cohen
Rolf A. Jansen
Rogier A. Windhorst
Zhiyuan Ma
Anton Koekemoer
Christopher N. A. Willmer
S. P. Willner
Jose M. Diego
Brenda Frye
Christopher J. Conselice
Leonardo Ferreira
Andreea Petric
Min Yun
Hansung B. Gim
Maria del Carmen Polletta
Kenneth J. Duncan
Abstract： We report the results of James Webb Space Telescope/NIRCam observations of 19
(sub)millimeter (submm/mm) sources detected by the Atacama Large Millimeter
Array (ALMA). The accurate ALMA positions allowed unambiguous identifications
of their NIRCam counterparts. Taking gravitational lensing into account, these
represent 16 distinct galaxies in three fields and constitute the largest
sample of its kind to date. The counterparts' spectral energy distributions
from rest-frame ultraviolet to near infrared provide photometric redshifts
($1
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Jose M. Diego
Ashish K. Meena
Nathan J. Adams
Tom Broadhurst
Liang Dai
Dan Coe
Brenda Frye
Patrick Kelly
Anton M. Koekemoer
Massimo Pascale
S. P. Willner
Erik Zackrisson
Adi Zitrin
Rogier A. Windhorst
Seth H. Cohen
Rolf A. Jansen
Jake Summers
Scott Tompkins
Christopher J. Conselice
Simon P. Driver
Abstract： The first JWST data on the massive colliding cluster El Gordo confirm 23
known families of multiply lensed images and identify 8 new members of these
families. Based on these families, which have been confirmed spectroscopically
by MUSE, we derived an initial lens model. This model guided the identification
of 37 additional families of multiply lensed galaxies, among which 28 are
entirely new systems, and 9 were previously known. The initial lens model
determined geometric redshifts for the 37 new systems. The geometric redshifts
agree reasonably well with spectroscopic or photometric redshifts when those
are available. The geometric redshifts enable two additional models that
include all 60 families of multiply lensed galaxies spanning a redshift range
$2
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Patrick S. Kamieneski
Brenda L. Frye
Massimo Pascale
Seth H. Cohen
Rogier A. Windhorst
Rolf A. Jansen
Min S. Yun
Cheng Cheng
Jake S. Summers
Timothy Carleton
Kevin C. Harrington
Jose M. Diego
Haojing Yan
Anton M. Koekemoer
Christopher N. A. Willmer
Andreea Petric
Lukas J. Furtak
Nicholas Foo
Christopher J. Conselice
Dan Coe
Abstract： Gradients in the mass-to-light ratio of distant galaxies impede our ability to characterize their size and compactness. The long-wavelength filters of $JWST$'s NIRCam offer a significant step forward. For galaxies at Cosmic Noon ($z\sim2$), this regime corresponds to the rest-frame near-infrared, which is less biased towards young stars and captures emission from the bulk of a galaxy's stellar population. We present an initial analysis of an extraordinary lensed dusty star-forming galaxy (DSFG) at $z=2.3$ behind the $El~Gordo$ cluster ($z=0.87$), named $El~Anzuelo$ ("The Fishhook") after its partial Einstein-ring morphology. The FUV-NIR SED suggests an intrinsic star formation rate of $81^{+7}_{-2}~M_\odot~{\rm yr}^{-1}$ and dust attenuation $A_V\approx 1.6$, in line with other DSFGs on the star-forming main sequence. We develop a parametric lens model to reconstruct the source-plane structure of dust imaged by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, far-UV to optical light from $Hubble$, and near-IR imaging with 8 filters of $JWST$/NIRCam, as part of the Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science (PEARLS) program. The source-plane half-light radius is remarkably consistent from $\sim 1-4.5~\mu$m, despite a clear color gradient where the inferred galaxy center is redder than the outskirts. We interpret this to be the result of both a radially-decreasing gradient in attenuation and substantial spatial offsets between UV- and IR-emitting components. A spatial decomposition of the SED reveals modestly suppressed star formation in the inner kiloparsec, which suggests that we are witnessing the early stages of inside-out quenching.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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