Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In order to implement President Xi’s instruction on promoting space science, space technology, and space application all together, national space programs have been developed fast, which are witnessed recently. Space science has become the hot research topic for more and more universities and research institutions. Nevertheless, there are still questions and puzzles about how could space science play its role in manned spaceflight, deep space exploration, and scientific satellites. This paper discusses the role of space science in all three kinds of space programs, starting from the history of space science, and the characteristics of manned space flight, deep space exploration and scientific satellites, and concludes with some policy suggestions.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Major achievements of space science and technology are important symbols of a country’s scientific and technological level and ability. The basic consensus of the aerospace community is that China’s space technology has been well-developed, space applications need to be strengthened, and space science is relatively the less-developed. Thus, it is extremely urgent for China to build a strong country in space science and tackle the “bottleneck”. Here we elaborate the internal logic among the strength of S&T, aerospace, and space science, expound the connotation of space science strength, investigate the index system, and suggest the three-tier system scientifically for the first time. On this basis, this study analyzes China’s world position, finds the main gap, and puts forward several suggestions for its future development. Although this outcome indicates that China is in the third place in global space science, it should not be over interpreted. On the contrary, the core aim lies in that we should accelerate the development of space science with 15% growth of the national space science investment in the limited time window period of the next 15~30 years, and build up the leading space science and accomplish major original breakthroughs, the primary sign of China as an aerospace strength and S&T strength in the middle of 21st century.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Space science is a frontier interdisciplinary subject that probes the macroscopic and microscopic worlds with spacecraft as a platform. Since the 1960s, many Nobel Prize-level discoveries and original achievements have been spawned in related basicscience, breaking through the boundaries of human cognition of the nature, and expanding the human knowledge graph continuously. In the 21st century, with a new round of scientific and technological revolution brewing, space science has also entered a new era of revolutionary advancements. Here we review the major progress in global space science in the past ten years, as well as the trend of space science and the future layout of flight missions in major spacefaring countries and regions, forecasting the possible breakthroughs in the next 10 to 15 years. With a series of strategic missions and projects focused on key scientific goals, major advances are expected in the fields of physics laws under extreme conditions, gravitational waves of medium and low frequency, the dark age and dawn of the universe, solar eruption mechanism, coupling of the solar#2;terrestrial system, fingerprints of extraterrestrial life in the solar system and beyond. We will carry out cutting-edge exploration on four major themes: the extreme universe, ripples in time and space, the panoramic view of the Sun and Earth, and the search for habitable exoplanets, aiming to make significant contribution to China’s goal of building of a space power and world leader in science and technology.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The Strategic Priority Program (SPP) on space science is a series scientific satellites program implemented by Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) since 2011. Since then, it has become the only and systematic space science satellite series of China. The article reviews the major scientific outcomes and technological breakthroughs in its first phase (2011-2016), the ongoing mission developments of its second phase (2017-2024), and the selected mission proposals for future space science program up to 2030. In 2016, President Xi has addressed: “to promote full developments of space science, space technology and space application,” where he put space science in the first place of all other space programs. Looking ahead, we must continue to aim at the most important scientific frontiers in the field of space science, achieving from 0 to 1 breakthroughs, making space science play an irreplaceable role in building China into one of the strongest scientific and technological country in the world.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Planetary science is a new and interdisciplinary discipline, which was established during the first upsurge of the international deep space explorations in 1960s—1970s of last century. Planetary science is the scientific study of the fundamental characteristics of planets, moons, and comets in the inner and outer of the solar system as well as their formation and evolution processes. Planetary science research mainly depends on deep space exploration, and it is highly interdisplinary and was built from Earth science, space science, and astronomy. The United States is the first country to build the planetary science discipline and the corresponding education system, and their strategy of science leading the deep space exploration makes them the only country in the world with strong planetary science program. Currently, the international deep space exploration is in the middle of second upsurge, and China’s deep space exploration program is under rapid development and has obtained remarkable and world-class achievements, which makes China a rising star in the field of deep space exploration. However, the planetary science discipline in China is not built yet and we also do not have corresponding education system, which neither matches nor supports China’s deep space exploration strategy. The slow development of the planetary science program has greatly limited China’s potential to become a country with powerful deep space exploration capability and strong planetary science program. Thus, the launching of planetary science program as the first level discipline is extremely urgent. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences together with some other universities have capability and advantages to lead the establishment of the first level discipline of planetary science in China and the corresponding education system, which can serve and lead the future deep space exploration and greatly help to promote China to be a country with strong planetary science program. By comparing the history of the development of planetary science program in the United States, we believe that we should take advantage of the philosophy of "The Fusion of Scientific Research and Teaching" in University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and explore a way with China’s own characteristics to the creation of the first level discipline of planetary science.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The fundamental difference between a space science mission and other space missions is their output. For space missions that aimed to provide services and space applications, their outputs are clearly defined, such as telecommunication, navigation, TV broadcasting, weather forecast, ocean status monitoring and forecasts, land use and planning, etc. For space science mission, the outputs are expected to be discoveries and verification of new nature laws that may produce new scientific knowledge for the human beings. For this reason, the evaluation of the success of a space science mission is laid on its science outputs. This paper discusses the management considerations to ensure and maximize the science outputs of a space science mission covering the whole life cycle of a mission from strategic planning to science output evaluation. In particular, three main points are proposed on how to evaluate the science outputs of a space science mission.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Along with the successful flights of Virgin Galactic, Blue Origin, and SpaceX, space tourism seems to arrive into its implementation phase in 2021. As it is expected, within 10 years, this market will become a real and huge domain with hundreds of billions of dollars a year. Together with it, there will be tens of thousands of people come into and back from outer space every year. Alike what happened after the great discovery era of the human beings after it conquered the ocean, the mentality of the human beings will change. In this article, what change may take place after we entered the space era will be discussed in depth.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： This study introduces the origin, connotation, function, and significance of innovation culture, identifies four basic elements of innovative culture, including value concept, thinking mode, behavior standard, and institutional system. On this basis, this study systematically reviews the four innovative cultural developments of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Meanwhile, this study points out that the spirits of saving, serving, and strengthening the country through science are the value concepts of CAS. Striving to be the practitioner and inheritor into the spirit of “two bombs and one satellite” is the thinking modes of CAS. Innovating technology, cultivating talents, serving the country, and benefiting the people are the principles of conduct of CAS. Continuous innovation of the scientific and technological system is the institutional advantage of CAS. Finally, this study also looks forward into the future innovative culture construction of CAS.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： International cooperation is an objective need for space science development, and also a necessary path for China to approach the stage center of the world space science. The scientific mission series under China’s Strategic Priority Program on Space Science (SPP) involve comprehensive, extensive, all-round, and multi-level international cooperation in the whole life cycle of mission innovation chain. International cooperation partners include ESA and major European space countries, as well as the United States, Russia, Canada, Australia, Japan, Singapore, etc. To ensure the originality and significance of the scientific objectives of the SPP missions, a swath of measures have been applied, including establishing bilateral meeting mechanism, co-establishing international research institutions, promoting international exchanges and cooperation, deepening the mission international study, and optimizing the advanced detection payloads configuration. To facilitate the output of high impact scientific achievements, the engineering management and science management of the cooperative missions are strengthened by implementing the mechanism of Co-Principal Investigators both at the mission level and the payload level. This paper reviews the international cooperation activities and management practice of the Chinese space science missions, and offers some suggestions for the future work, in a bid to provide reference for the follow-up management of international cooperation missions.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： It is pointed out that the core characteristic of China’s space science mission is science driven, which is embodied in “four science” characteristics, namely, scientific objective, chief scientist, scientific payload, and scientific research institute. This paper expounds the management practice aiming at the characteristics of the “four science”, that is, to persist in taking the scientific objective as the traction, the chief scientist as the scientific direction, the scientific payload as the grasp, scientific research institute as the support; to promote the organic integration of science and technology, science and engineering; to ensure the progress and quality of the project; and to strive to promote the maximize output of the mission. By examining the characteristics of space science missions, combing management practices and countermeasures and putting forward suggestions for follow-up mission management, it is helpful to further enhance management capabilities and to the long-term sustainable development of space science in China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Space science is a discipline with high innovation orientation and frontier intersection. Countries all over the world attach great importance to it and have promoted a series of strategic planning and major programs. The age of big data in space science has arrived. In this study, the main trends of big data development in space science are expounded. Specifically, space scientific data volumes are exploding, data storage and management are valued, the scientific research paradigm is shifting, big data technology and tools are booming, the intelligent application is budding and a benign research ecosystem of big data has been formed. Based on the development requirements and national strategic planning, this study analyzes the specific challenges and development opportunities of big data in space science. An all-out efforts should be made, from the perspectives of data sharing, data long-term storage, big data infrastructure construction, disruptive technologies breakthrough and research ecosystem construction, to promote the open and sharing of scientific data, to expand intellectual innovation and scientific and technological output, and to create a new era for the development of space science.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Space Physics submitted time 2016-04-22
Abstract： Solar energetic particles(SEPs) pose one of the most serious hazards to spacecraft systems and constrain human activities in space. Thus, it is of importance to forecast SEP events. Several theories and numerical models are applied to simulate SEP events. Each model makes some assumptions to simplify the complex acceleration and transportation processes within such events. In general, SEP will interact with ambient solar wind and background magnetic field during transportation. It is recognized that interplanetary transport effects must be taken into account at any analysis of SEP propagation. In the previous simulation, it always assumed Parker magnetic field and fixed solar wind speed as the input parameters. However, these assumptions are too simple when compared with the real conditions. In order to get better results, it is necessary to use more accurate background conditions. Recently, we change the fixed solar wind speed into spatial-dependent speed profile based on Parker's theory, and replace the Parker magnetic field with another Parker-like magnetic field based on in situ data at 1 AU. By solving the focused transport equation with simulation of time-backward stochastic processes method, our results show that:(1) Under fast solar wind speed assumption, it is clear that the omnidirectional flux decreases faster than that for the situation with slow solar wind speed in the decay phase. We suggest that it is due to the adiabatic cooling effect. Fast solar wind speed has a significant effect on the adiabatic cooling, which leads the SEPs to lose energy more quickly during transportation. However, slow solar wind speed has less impact on the time profiles of SEP flux and anisotropy. We also compare the time profiles of SEP event observed at different observatories and energies, the results remain the same as previous;(2) When applying in situ data of magnetic field observed by WIND during different Carrington Rotations, the omnidirectional flux time profiles vary greatly, and the main results are as followings:the peak flux appears to be delayed, multi-peak occur, anisotropy also has some differences.We think it results from the magnetic field polarity, which affects the pitch angle, and, furthermore, modulates the momentum. The characteristics are similar in solar minimum and solar maximum, while the peaks seem to be more when solar activity is active. We conclude that the real magnetic field polarity may exert a significant influence during the propagation of SEP. In the future, we will try to use the real-time background conditions which obtain from MHD models in our simulations, in order to make a thorough study of the SEP propagation.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Geosciences >> Space Physics submitted time 2016-04-22
Abstract：基于RMAP协议对SpaceWire高速总线进行了架构设计与实现。首先给出了SpaceWire高速总线的整体设计;其次对SpaceWire编解码器中的DS编码进行了优化;然后根据RMAP协议的基础要求,设计了RMAP SpaceWire总线的工作流程与实现方法;最后通过仿真平台对该设计进行仿真测试。仿真测试表明:设计实现了RMAP SpaceWire高速总线的基础功能,数据链路传输速度可以达到79.84 Mb/s。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Geosciences >> Space Physics submitted time 2016-04-22
Abstract：针对数传、测距一体化的调制方式高斯最小频移键控复合伪码测距(Gaussian minimum shift keying+pseudo-noise,GMSK+PN)信号的信噪比估计,提出了一种精度较高、复杂度较低的快速算法。该算法采用层状结构分解的方式,将信号分解为若干信号单元,对每一个分解的信号单元进行功率分配计算或信噪比估计,最后快速准确地计算出整个信号的信噪比。信噪比在1~13dB之间时,估计误差小于0.5dB。利用Simulink仿真工具,验证了该算法的有效性。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Geosciences >> Space Physics submitted time 2016-04-22
Abstract：
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Geosciences >> Space Physics submitted time 2016-04-22
Abstract：针对地月系L2点不同任务需求下的低耗能转移轨道设计问题,基于不变流形理论与混合优化技术,深入研究了不同月球借力约束与不同幅值Halo轨道的入轨点(简称HOI点)对转移轨道飞行时间与燃料消耗的影响,给出了HOI点选择策略。首先结合任务要求并考虑月球引力影响,在月球借力点施加不同约束条件,通过微分修正算法调整Halo轨道的稳定流形,设计月球到Halo轨道的转移轨道。采用遗传算法与微分修正算法相结合的混合优化策略,在同时考虑地球停泊轨道高度、倾角、升交点赤经与航迹角等多约束条件下,对燃料最优的地月转移轨道进行研究。最后,分析月球借力高度、借力方位角和不同HOI点对平动点转移轨道飞行时间与燃耗变化量的影响,对于考虑月球借力的地月平动点转移轨道设计与应用具有重要的参考价值。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Geosciences >> Space Physics submitted time 2016-04-22
Abstract： The magnetometer based on Giant Magneto-Impedance (GMI) effect becomes one of the hottest points on magnetometer research in recent years. Compared with other magnetometers, GMI magnetometer has the advantages of miniaturization, high sensitivity, quick response, high temperature stability and low power consumption. Based on the sensitive material of Fe-based nano-crystalline ribbon, a GMI probe and subsequent signal processing circuit have been designed and realized to compose a GMI magnetometer. Experimental results suggest that in the magnetic field ranging from-25000nT to 25000nT, the sensitivity is 0.176mV穘T-1, which attains the measurement requirement of a weak magnetic field. The magnetometer has advantages of small size and low power consumption so that could be used in space magnetic field measurement.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Geosciences >> Space Physics submitted time 2016-04-22
Abstract： The payload of the satellite has different working modes. In order to obtain the optimum working state, it needs to be switched constantly between each mode. When switching, many working state parameters need to be configured, such as, 28 Front Electronic Ends (FEE), neutron acquisition and processing circuit, the trigger system circuit, high voltage powers and payload data management system. To improve the switch flexibility of payload exploration mode and lower the complexity of parameter configuration during switching, the management project is studied for payload self-exploration of the satellite by analyzing the working modes of this explorer. The designing method is based on event-driven which are combined by programming-experts on the ground and perform-units on the satellite. Software realization result is given out for the payload self-exploration. Meanwhile, the reliability and security measures are studied. The test results show that the function is implemented. It can be used on the satellite to explore space anytime and anywhere. It reduces the dependency on the remote control center.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Geosciences >> Space Physics submitted time 2016-04-22
Abstract：为了研究大面积等离子体片的分层特性,利用脉冲磁约束线形空心阴极放电装置,在150 Pa氦气中产生了持续时间为200μs、面积为60 cm×60 cm的大面积等离子体片。采用快帧法和旋转空心阴极法利用郎缪尔探针首次获得了等离子体片分层时厚度方向电子密度分布及其演化构成的二维分布图;基于获得的二维分布图,研究了分层等离子体片厚度方向电子密度的分布特征与磁场强度和放电电流的关系。实验发现,等离子体片分层时厚度方向电子密度呈现双峰曲线分布特征;当放电电流为2 A,磁场强度为1.5×10-2,2.25×10-2,3×10-2T时,双峰间距分别为0,3.2,8.4 mm;当磁场为3×10-2T,电流为1,2,3,4 A时,双峰间距分别为8.6,8.2,6.8,5 mm。结果表明:分层等离子体密度峰值间距随着磁场的增强和放电电流的降低而增大。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Geosciences >> Space Physics submitted time 2016-04-22
Abstract： The planetary three-hour-range Kp index is widely used in space weather services. Due to the two weeks' time delay of the release of Kp index, the real-time estimation of the Kp index becomes essential for space weather forecasting organizations. In this paper, an improved algorithm for real-time Kp estimation on the basis of Takahashi's procedure was developed. The new algorithm improved the accuracy of Kp estimation by distinguishing the day-to-day variations of geomagnetic field's regular variation and taking account of both the diurnal and seasonal variations of magnetic disturbance. The statistical result shows that the Prediction Efficiency (PE) increased from 0.77 to 0.84 using Fredericksburg's data, from 0.88 to 0.92 using the nine stations network's data. Using the data from Beijing Ming Tombs observatory (BMT) from 2000 to 2006, the PE increased from 0.70 to 0.80 compared with the Takahashi procedure. The error of the estimations differs from universal time, season and the scale of magnetic disturbance. The RMS error reached maximum for Kp=7. Analysis of Kp using the SuperMAG indices indicated that the asymmetric distribution of Kp stations affects the Kp nowcast performance.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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