Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Strengthening the basic scientific research in an all-round way and achieving more breakthroughs from zero to one as soon as possible are the major strategic needs of building a world leading power in science and technology in the new era. As the main channel funding basic research in China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) has always focused on the basic frontiers and major scientific issues in space science, carried out strategic research on the planning of relevant disciplines, sorted out key scientific questions, defined the priority development direction, and provided continuous and stable funding through major, key, general, talent, and other programs and the development of major scientific instruments and equipment. Chinese space scientists have achieved a number of original achievements with important international influence with the above supports. Utilizing the comprehensive implementation of the systematic reform of NSFC, it will strengthen top-level design and forward-looking layout, focus on the scientific research of China’s major space science tasks, connect the last mile of space science development, support Chinese scholars to conduct cutting-edge research using the first-hand scientific data obtained by scientific satellites, deep space probes and space station platforms, and continue to produce milestone scientific breakthroughs, which are leading landmarks in building a strong aerospace and scientific powerhouse.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： It is of great significance to seek common basis and promote bilateral exchanges and cooperation between China and the United States in science and technology area under the current situation of tension. The views of the American scientific community on Sino-US science and technology relations reflect the objective and rational understanding of the United States and deserve our attention. This paper reviews the major science and technology policy reports of American scientific communities and think tanks as well as the reports and articles of the National Academies that are considered representative by the American scientific community since 2019, summarizes and analyzes their main ideas and viewpoints, and puts forward corresponding policy suggestions.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Women are a key force in the scientific and technological research workforce. Since 2010, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) has launched a series of measures to support female researchers, which have been widely praised by the scientific and technological community. For ten years since the policy was implemented, the NSFC has gradually become the cradle for the growth of female researchers. It has increased the participation of women in scientific research, increased the opportunities for breastfeeding women to apply for and receive funding, and boosted the growth and development of high-level female researchers. Significant achievements have been made in raising awareness of gender equality in the field of science and technology. In order to further promote gender equality in the field of scientific research, combined with the main obstacles and policy deficiencies affecting the growth of female scientists, it is proposed to strengthen policy coordination, improve the mechanism for high-level female researchers to stand out, and give better play to women’s consulting and decision#2;making role in scientific and technological activities in the new era.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： none
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Under the support of the advisory project “Thinking and Suggestions on the Dilemma and Development of Chinese STM Journals” of the Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, we took extensive questionnaire survey and deep analysis based on 2734 researchers and journal editors from 34 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities, and special administrative regions in China. We believe that the current difficulties and challenges faced by Chinese STM journals are temporary problems occurred during the process of Chinese scientific and technological development, which are not only related to external environmental factors such as research evaluation and international competition of STM journals, but also originated from the insufficiency of reform and innovation of Chinese STM journals themselves. We suggest that Chinese STM journals should define developing direction, improve service efficiency, and integrate into new academic communication.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Peer review is the self-regulating mechanism of the scientific community and the core link of scientific quality control. The core operating mechanism of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is peer review, which is an important guarantee for the selection of high-quality projects. In order to promote the scientificity, objectivity, and impartiality of peer review, and steadily advance the reform and development of NSFC in the new era, this study analyzes the challenges of the current peer review mechanism of science foundation based on the review of the development of the peer review mechanism, and its advantages and disadvantages. Specifically, the challenges include the inability of the mechanism to meet the needs of catch-up development, the difficulty of the scale of the expert and management team to meet the increasing for project application quantity, the lack of object feedback in the expert review, and the need to optimize the selection of review experts, as well as the lack of monitoring means for the project review process. Accordingly, this study further proposes ideas of improving the peer review mechanism and establishing a “Responsibility, Credibility, Contribution” (RCC) supervision and evaluation system. This study not only clarifies the dynamic and scientific nature of this evaluation system, but also summarizes its potential use in optimizing the management of science foundation and improving the efficiency of project review, providing a theoretical basis for further promotion of the RCC supervision and evaluation system. This idea has been applied in the reform of the science foundation, and the results indicate that the direction of RCC reform is effective. This study further emphasizes the necessity to improve the system design, strengthen the monitoring of review quality, and create a culture of responsible review. It discusses the importance of improving the peer review mechanism of science foundation from multiple perspectives, points out the challenges and feasible development paths of the mechanism, and provides a certain basis for the further reform and development of the RCC supervision and evaluation system, which is of great significance to steadily promote the management of NSFC in the new era.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Marine Sciences submitted time 2017-03-22 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：水圈包括海洋、湖沼、河流、冰川、地下水等，水圈中居住着地球上一半以上的微生物，包括细菌、古菌、真菌、藻类、病毒等，蕴含着地球上最大的微生物组。已有的研究表明，水圈微生物在重要元素生物地球化学循环中发挥关键驱动作用。但是，人们对水圈微生物组的核心科学问题，即微生物如何发挥驱动作用至今了解不多。最近，国家自然科学基金委员会“水圈微生物驱动地球元素循环的机制”重大研究计划（简称“水圈微生物计划”）正式立项。该计划拟选择典型水圈环境，解析微生物群落构建及与环境之间的相互作用、微生物物质与能量代谢机制以及微生物代谢活动的生态学意义与贡献，从而揭示水圈微生物驱动碳、氮、硫等元素生物地球化学循环的机制。文章简述了该计划提出的背景与依据，以及涉及的主要科学问题和研究设想。
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