Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The network spillover effect of knowledge has been playing an increasingly significant role in the development of industrial innovation. The urban cooperation matrix of China’s new energy automobile industry is built based on new energy automobile patent data, and the structure and evolution process of China’s new energy automobile industry are depicted. On this basis, the spatial Dubin model (SDM) is used to calculate the network spillover effect, and its results are compared with the results of spillover effect based on the relationship of spatial contiguity and distance of cities. The results show that the innovation activities of China’s new energy automobile industry have begun to take shape, and a certain scale of innovation network has been formed. However, the innovation cooperation among cities and enterprises is not close. The innovation activities of new energy automobile industry are mainly concentrated in large cities, and from such cities, the innovation activities have strongly radiation to surrounding regions. The R&D investment of enterprises plays the key role in promoting the innovation and development of the local new energy automobile industry, but it has not produced significant spillover effect on the countrywide scale.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The development of scientific research in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is unbalanced and inadequate, and its contribution to technological innovation is insufficient to meet the huge demand for industrial innovation in the Greater Bay Area. This paper tries to clarify the coordination relationship between scientific research and industrial innovation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area since 1997 by constructing the scientific research-industrial innovation coordination data sets, correlation index and relative development index for ten industries in the area. This paper analyzes the evolution and interaction rules of scientific research and industrial innovation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures. The research found that scientific research and industrial innovation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area showed an overall upward trend while the coordinating level varies from industry to industry. Among the ten industries analyzed in this paper, communication technology and integrated circuit have reached a high level of coordination; marine engineering equipment is still in the primary coordination stage; and other industries are at a good level of coordination. The scale advantage and competitive advantage of scientific research are dynamic for the improvement of coordination level, which suggests that we should combine the scale effect and competitive advantage of innovation, pay high attention to originality and leadership, and strive to form the special and preponderant advantage of regional scientific research.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Science and technology innovation center plays an important role in transforming the mode of economic development and enhancing industrial competitiveness. The formation and development of science and technology innovation center depend on the gathering of innovative talents, the support of first-rate universities and research institutions, and the cooperation and mutual promotion between innovation organizations and enterprises. In the course of future development, China should build a multi-level network system of science and technology innovation centers with international centers which can connect to global innovation networks, national centers which are capable of leading national science and technology research and development and technology transfer, regional centers which can promote regional development of science and technology and high-tech industrialization, and local centers which can promote development of technological innovation and industrial with local characteristics. Meanwhile, innovative milieu with openness and inclusion, attraction to talents and the construction of top universities and research institutions are all important to the construction of the science and technology innovation center. On the basis of taking enterprises as the main body of innovation activities, planning and building various scientific research and development, innovation and industrialization platform should be implemented by government to incubate a group of leading scientific and technological innovation enterprises with global influence.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Quarantine and isolation are effective means to prevent transmission of COVID-19, but the problems arised during the period of quarantine and isolation are worth pondering. This article first streamlines five types of problems during the recent period of quarantine and isolation. Based on a brief review of related research on domestic and international literature, the article argues that it will be a suitable approach to carry out research from the perspective of spatial organization combined with the concept of systems theory. Then, it explores the reasons of the aforementioned problems from the objective laws of spatial organization and systems theory. It points out that the lack of systematical consideration of quarantine and isolation decisions in theory and the absence of preparations for switching from normal to abnormal status in practice are the fundamental reasons. Finally, three policy suggestions have been proposed from the perspectives of the optimization of spatial organization system, the enhancement of infrastructure and capabilities, and the backup mechanism and drills.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Improving carbon sequestration capacity through ecological construction is one of the important ways to achieve the goal of “carbon neutrality” in China. Based on the analysis of the current situation and trend of ecological carbon sequestration in China, this study summarizes the main challenges in the increment of ecosystem carbon sink in China. The current situation and trend, the significant carbon sequestration capacity of forests, the recovery phase of carbon sequestration capacity of grassland, and the carbon sequestration benefits of major ecological projects are also surveyed. Then, the new challenges of China are analyzed, including the backlog of over-mature forests affecting the carbon sequestration capacity of forests, the limited land area suitable for planting forests and grasses, the less diversified investment mechanism of ecological engineering, the imperfect supporting policies and measures for ecological carbon sequestration, and the increasing demand for forest products. To make sure the “peak carbon emissions” and “carbon neutrality” goals reached as schedule, the study points out that it is necessary to optimize the layout of ecological construction and to improve the capacity of ecological carbon sequestration through the optimization of the internal structure of ecosystem and the regional coordination of ecological construction. In terms of the optimization of the internal structure of the ecosystem, several policy suggestions are put forward: restarting orderly renewal and forests logging, enhancing the ecological carbon sequestration capacity of the grassland, and fully implementing the water diversion project on the western line. For example, some related research suggestions are proposed on forest management, including redesigning the forest regeneration route, conducting pilot programs in some forest areas, constructing modern standard system of forest logging, and improving basic facilities of intermediate cuttings. In terms of the land layout optimization of ecological construction, this study suggests that the government should establish an overall planning with differentiated regional carbon neutrality path, promote the coordination of regional ecological protection and clean energy, accelerate the improvement of ecological environment, and utilize national land space highly efficiently.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： China’s carbon peak and carbon neutrality action is a huge system engineering with national coverage, country-led and universal participation, long-term sustainable implementation, requiring definite, tenacious, and adaptable action strategies. Here, based on summarizing the current situations of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”, the action strategies, technological approaches, and scientific and technological supports are discussed to achieve the “dual carbon” targets in China. It is suggested that China’s “dual carbon” action should insist on “one basic concept”, achieve “two macroscopic targets”, implement the “three-pronged comprehensive”, and “four-way simultaneous” technological paths, and practice the macro layout of “five coordination” in the national land space control and the coordinated industrial development. It is required to strengthen scientific research on climate change and earth system carbon cycle and technological revolution for decarbonization and low-carbon industry. In the field of global change and ecological economics for national “dual carbon” action, more attention should be paid to key scientific issues. There are the construction of the multi-factors, multi-processes, multi-interfaces, and multi-scales collaborative monitoring system for carbon cycle process, carbon storage and flux in Earth system, and the systematic cognition and precise assessment of the carbon sink function and its potential of Chinese regional ecosystems. For the moment, it is urgent to build and complete the scientific and technological supporting system in seven aspects: scientific basis, observation and simulation, energy structure transformation, industrial structure adjustment, ecological carbon conservation and sink increase, national strategy and approach route, collaborative governance, and management policy.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Rare earth elements are widely identified as critical raw materials to underpin high-end technological innovation and the development of emerging industries, which makes them as important strategic minerals deserved by key international great powers. Since 2011, the United States and other developed nations are quickly fostering the development of their supply chains and industrial ecosystems of rare earth out of China’s engagement. Consequently, the new diversified supply pattern of rare earth has been formalizing at global level. Under this full supply chain view, this study performs a deep-dive analysis of international rare earth industry landscape changes in the key stage from mining, refinery, throughout to final recycling. Meanwhile, their future potential changes are further explored to provide the key implications for China’s rare earth industry to structure their global strategies.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： As the “water tower” of Asia, the Tibetan Plateau provides basic water resources for the regional ecosystems. Among the variety of water resources, natural precipitation is most relevant to ecosystems, and temperature also affects soil moisture availability by regulating evapotranspiration, thus affecting ecosystem process. From the aspects of community composition and structure, vegetation phenology, coverage and productivity, and water conservation function by ecosystems, this paper reviewed the series of impacts caused by changed water resources on the Tibetan Plateau ecosystems in recent years, and the underlying mechanism was further revealed. The shifted water conditions led to changes in community coverage, species diversity, and relative importance of each species, thereby driving community succession. The strengthened preseason precipitation advanced spring phenology, and postponed autumn phenology. The preseason precipitation also adjusted the responses of vegetation phenology to temperature. Under global changes, the vegetation coverage increased and ecosystem productivity strengthened on the Tibetan Plateau, but with high spatial heterogeneities. The incongruous changes of temperature and precipitation complicated their effects on vegetation, as exhibited by their distinct relative determination effects in different areas. Water conservation by ecosystems stems from interactions among soil-vegetation-atmosphere, which is influenced by climate, vegetation, soil, human activities, etc. The future studies need to pay mounting attentions to the coupling effects of climates and vegetation cover on water conservation of ecosystems, and also attribute the separate contribution from each factor.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Since 2013 when the “Belt and Road Initiative” was proposed, China and Indonesia have achieved serval progresses with a series of mature frameworks and protocols. The “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” initiative is one of major top-level designs for China to strengthen international cooperation for pursuing mutual benefit. Indonesian geographical advantage is outstanding because it locates at the intersection of the designed two major lines of the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road”. “Global Maritime Axis” concept is a key program for Indonesia’s development focus changing from land to sea. The “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” is highly compatible with the “Global Maritime Axis”. The deep docking between them will bring new opportunities to scientific and technological cooperation between China and Indonesia. Based on systematical reviewing the status quo of scientific and technological cooperation between China and Indonesia, this study investigates the key points of agreement between the two countries in strengthening scientific and technological cooperation. Moreover, this study explores several critical areas with potential for cooperation, including marine resource planning, industrial chain optimization, infrastructure risk prevention and control, and major natural disaster response. Furthermore, some proposals are presented to promote the cooperation, especially for the response to natural climate change and natural disaster, based on the principles of concertation, co-construction, sharing as well as policy orientation, livelihood needs, and scientific goal.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Uneven progresses have been widely detected among goals or regions in global sustainable development, which are ascribed to the heterogeneous resource and environmental conditions and trade-offs among goals. In-depth understanding and efforts to reduce such uneven progresses are essential for the holistic achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). This study discusses how bBig Earth Data supports the assessment of the even development among targets and regions by pointing out its advantages in providing high-frequency and more timely data products with higher spatial resolution for the currently poorly achieved SDGs regarding essential human needs and environmental protection. Moreover, the Big Earth Data brings deeper insights into the pattern and cause of the uneven development and disentangles the core issues that restrict the holistic achievement of SDGs.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Irrigation zones located in the lower reaches of Yellow River is a vital food security base in China. Currently, this area is facing the problem of rapid decline of groundwater level due to serious water shortage and insufficient water resources allocation. Therefore, there are many unknown and uncertain impacts on the future agriculture and ecological environment, and it is the current hotspot of agroecosystem research. However, under the dynamic scenarios, for innovatively carrying out the studies on large groundwater table from surface, and conducting the critical process researches such as sectional structure of farmland soil, crop root growth dynamics, interaction between surface water and groundwater, groundwater-soil-plant-atmosphere continuum response, dynamic variation and influence mechanism of water-salt-nutrient of agroecosystem, it is urgently needed to build a comprehensive experiment simulation infrastructure. Funded by the “Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure Construction Project for the Field Station Network of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)”, Yucheng Comprehensive Experiment Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station) completed the platform construction of Groundwater#2;Agroecosystem Experimental Simulator (Yucheng GAS), an infrastructure with three floors (10 m underground) constituted by 16 bottom sealed sample plots with controllable groundwater levels after five-year strenuous efforts (from 2016 to 2020). Yucheng GAS integrates nine subsystems including the large scale bottom sealed sample plots system, underground water level automatic controlling; soil temperature, water content, and salinity monitoring; soil water sampling; root growth monitoring; groundwater quantity and quality monitoring; critical zone observation of agroecosystem; water-carbon-nitrogen nexus in agroecosystem; and multispectral crop condition monitoring by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Yucheng GAS, a comprehensive monitoring methodology with multiple methods of stereo-position monitoring, multi-factors chromatograph, and multi-scales three-dimensional observation, is expected to support the basic experimental research and international frontier explore in water-carbon-nitrogen cycles in agroecosystem, food security, ecological security, and environmental security under the scenario of dynamically changed groundwater in future.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The cross-border railways and oil and gas pipelines along the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor are key hubs and channels supporting the regional cooperation and development. It is very important to complete scientific regionalization of ecological risk of China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor and put forward suggestions to guarantee smooth construction and safe cross-border traffic project. By establishing ecological risk evaluation model, we quantitatively analyzed the ecological risk of China Mongolia#2;Russia Economic Corridor, and regionalized high, middle, and low risk. We put forward the ecological risk prevention and control countermeasures for China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor. It shows that the ecological risk areas are distributed along the “two belts and one line”. The risk of desertification is along the China-Mongolia-Russia cross-border traffic belt, the risk of permafrost is along the China-Russia cross-border traffic belt and the China-Russian crude oil pipeline. The proposed suggestions are designated to prevent and control ecological risk from the perspectives of promoting ecological civilization to realize a “two-highs and three-lows” mode; constructing of a green economic corridor, optimizing the industrial structure, actively establishing a four-tier circular economy system, and developing green circular industries; innovating technical biological engineering; establishing system and mechanism of an international cooperation and monitoring ecological risk network system along China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor. We provide scientific technic support for rationally building cross-border railways and pipelines, avoiding and preventing ecological risks in China#2;Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor. It will be decision-making basis to promote regional green and sustainable development.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Environmental and health problems caused by chemical pollution, especially high-risk chemical pollution, have become an important factor affecting the public health. How to ensure that chemicals bring well-being to human society, while ensuring that they minimize their harm to the environment and human health, is a problem that needs to be solved urgently in the field of chemistry, especially environmental chemistry. This article summarizes the latest research progress in the risk identification, risk prevention, alternative research and development and evaluation of perfluorinated compounds and other substances, and systematically explores how to use green chemistry, combined with the risk management and control, to decrease the risk of the high-risk chemicals during their entire life cycle. The article also discusses the research progress, development direction, and future development of high-risk chemicals throughout the life cycle.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Based on the systematic review of the research progress on China’s relative poverty, this study discussed the distribution characteristics of the relative poverty areas (RPAs), the basis of regional function types, and proposed the policy recommendations. There are three main periods concerning sustainable development research on RPAs: (1) The concept of “relative poverty” was adopted for the first time to carry out scientific research on regional sustainable development. (2) It supported the RPAs to become an important type of the area to promote sustainable development policies in underdeveloped areas in China. (3) It deployed a protracted battle in advance to support the development of RPAs before the comprehensive accomplishment of anti-poverty. The change characteristics of the RPAs and the regional function types indicated that the scale of the relative poverty population in China has remained at around 200 million for a long time, and the pattern of concentrated distribution has not changed. Meanwhile, taking ecological service function as the main regional function types, areas with and lack of development conditions coexist in the RPAs constrained by the natural carrying capacity. Policy recommendations are proposed to promote the simultaneous realization of modernization in the RPAs on a higher stage as follows. From a global perspective, the optimization regulation and spatial governance of the Man-Land system should be carried out to stabilize the national defense, ecological, food, energy, and social security. For regions with development potential, the comparative advantages of the resources and ecology should be transformed into economic advantages through mechanism innovation, thereby solving the intergenerational transfer under “path dependence” and the interregional exfoliation under the “Matthew effect”. For regions lack of development conditions, natural carrying capacity should be steadily unloaded, the mountain, forest, farmland, lake, and grassland should be conserved systematically, and the equalization level of basic public services should be improved comprehensively.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： After the elimination of absolute poverty by 2020 in China, consolidating the achievements of targeted poverty alleviation, reducing relative poverty, and promoting rural revitalization will become the key tasks of poverty alleviation and development in the future. This paper reviews the basic logic of the major policies of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, analyzes the importance and necessity of consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation in the new stage, and puts forward the main ideas and key contents of consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation. It is suggested that we should continue to adhere to the idea of “precision” and establish the bottom line thinking of eliminating absolute poverty. We will consolidate the achievements we have made in poverty alleviation by promoting the institutionalization of poverty alleviation, ensuring the sustainable development of poverty alleviation industries, expanding channels for increasing the incomes of people lifted out of poverty, improving supporting facilities for the relocation of poor people from inhospitable areas, and raising the level of security for those in need. And expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation in line with the rural industry revitalization, living environment renovation, people’s livelihood security improvement and rural civilization construction, so as to create a new pattern of coordinated progresses in poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： One of the most pervasive challenges affecting human and planetary well-being is inadequate access to clean water and sanitation. Problems with water are expected to become worse in the coming decades, with water scarcity occurring globally, in the face of ever-growing populations, intensive human activities, and climatic variation. Addressing the aforementioned water security has been achieved consensus and has been included into the sustainable development goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations’ Agenda 2030. Despite these ample opportunities, it remains challenging to create reliable, sustainable, and affordable solutions to providing universal access to clean water and sanitation. In this context, the emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technology can be an attractive solution to help with this challenge. We summarized the core of the SDGs-Goal 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and the problems encountered during the progress to date. Building upon which, we conducted a literature review and provided a state-of-the-art analysis of leveraging AI to help achieving SDGs-Goal 6 alongside the resultant impacts. Afterwards, we highlighted the key issues necessary to be tackled in the coming years if AI is expected to be well applied with its maximum benefits. Plus, we put forward the prospects of future efforts on this revolution.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Research on spatial pattern and green development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is of a great significance to promoting ecological civilization construction and regional coordinated development in China. Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), has long been focusing on the research of sustainable development in Yangtze River Basin and Southeast Coastal Regions. Since the 1980s, a large number of studies have been conducted on the construction of the Yangtze River Industrial Belt, human activities and its eco-environmental impacts in Yangtze River Basin, shipping and port layout of Yangtze River Golden Waterway, evaluation and utilization of shoreline resources, and governance of space function partition and regional coordinated development. Meanwhile, policy-making and planning consultation as a social service has been afford for different levels of local governments alongside the Yangtze River Economic Belt. These works provide a scientific reference for the Yangtze River Economic Belt development issues in different periods, such as industrial transformation, transportation and shipping construction, ecological and environmental protection, regional division and cooperation, etc.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The Yangtze River Economic Belt is a major regional development strategy of China, to form the backbone axis of the national “one body and two wings” development and opening-up pattern. This paper systematically analyzed ecological background and status of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, such as ecosystem service value of Yangtze River, ecological location, ecological types, ecological geographic pattern, natural conditions and natural ecological disasters. Then the major ecological and environmental issues were summarized, including serious water and air pollution, dramatic degradation of main tributaries of the Yangtze River and lakes, the increasing cumulative ecological and environmental impacts of major projects, and the unharmonious relationship between rivers and lakes. Finally, four protection strategies were proposed to ensure successful implementation of the well-coordinated environmental conservation and avoiding excessive development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, including: implementing water quality goals management by stressing water eco-environmental protection of the Yangtze River with the top priority; forming a land and space development pattern dominated by intensive, concentrated spatial development and natural and open ecological space; continuing to implement the green ecological protection project of the Yangtze River Economic Belt; and breaking the division of departments and localities, and implementing comprehensive watershed management.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The upstream region accounts for 55.4%, 33.2%, and 23.3% of the area, population, and GDP of the Yangtze River Economic Belt respectively. The level of high-quality development of the upstream region is closely associated with the success or failure of the national strategic objectives of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Through analyzing the important role of the upstream area in maintaining the lifeline of the Yangtze River, ensuring the supply of strategic resources, maintaining the ecological base, strengthening spatial connections, and expanding the consumer market, authors summarize the tough challenges faced by the upstream region, such as traditional path dependence, polarization of urban structure, regional disparity, low green-capital conversion, and inadequate development quality. In the process of promoting the goal of high-quality development in the upstream region, we argue that it is an important strategy to build a multi-scale adaptation system for land space, to narrow the sharp differentiation between the first and the last grades of urban system, to fill in the depression on the edge of Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle, to clarify the economic categories based on ecological capital, and to bridge an cooperation mechanism between mainstream and tributaries for highquality development.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Poverty is a major challenge faced by human development, especially the global problem that has plagued developing countries, including China, for a long time. As rural absolute poverty population and poverty-stricken counties will achieve poverty alleviation in 2020, China’s anti-poverty focus in the new era will begin to shift from targeted poverty alleviation in absolute poverty areas to high-quality development through comprehensive measures in relative poverty areas. Based on an initially constructed conceptual model of high-quality development in relative poverty areas, this article analyzed the internal and external constraints from the sustainability of individual and regional scales, and further proposed comprehensive policies to ensure that poverty would not be returned after 2020 and high-quality development would be achieved. It is necessary to guide the rational flow of population and development factors, reshape the appearance of urban and rural interaction and equivalent development, further promote the value of resources and ecological advantages, and focus on key poverty areas such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Taking the “14th Five-Year Plan” period as the transition period, formulate flexible and accurate identification standards for relative poverty population and areas, focus on the integration of various poverty alleviation policy tools and resources, and form a centralized, distributed, and mobile highquality infrastructure and public service guarantee system.
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