Subjects: Geosciences >> Geology submitted time 2023-08-23 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In order to implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speech on strengthening the comprehensive control of desertification and promoting key ecological engineering projects such as the “Three-North Shelterbelt Program”, this study is designated to make concrete efforts to win the battle against desertification on the edge of Hexi Corridor–Taklimakan Desert. The study deeply explores the situation of wind-blown sand flux and prevention tasks in the area. Based on the characteristics of desertified land and wind-blown sand activities on the edge of Hexi Corridor–Taklimakan Desert, the goal is set to effectively prevent the spread of sand and control dust sources. The core focus is on wind prevention, sand resistance, and dust control. The strategic thinking has been formulated for the counterattack battle on the edge of Hexi Corridor–Taklimakan Desert. By systematically analyzing the source areas and paths of “wind, sand, and dust” and targeting the key zones of the desert edge and areas requiring prevention, the key areas and tasks are proposed for desertification control on the edge of the Hexi Corridor–Taklimakan Desert, so as to provide scientific and technological support for winning the battle against desertification on the edge of Hexi Corridor–Taklimakan Desert.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geology submitted time 2023-08-23 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： China has made remarkable achievements in combating desertification over the past 70 years. At present, China has entered a new stage of combating desertification while facing many problems such as large desertification land base and high difficulty in combating desertification, and it is more important to meet the national strategic needs of ecological construction, rural revitalization, and the development and utilization of renewable energy in desert, Gobi, and wasteland areas. The strategic choice of combating desertification in China in the new era is overall improvement and key breakthroughs. The core of the strategy is whole-area governance, innovation-driven, and technology integration. The institutional arrangement of preferential policies is to fully implement the “one desert, four mechanisms” (cultivation, prevention, combating, and utilization), make every effort to win the “three iconic battles” of the “Three-North” battle, give priority to the implementation of key demonstration projects, and accelerate the update of policy. A new engine of science and technology will be built to improve the quality and efficiency for combating desertification, draw a bright vision of Chinese-style modernization featuring integration of production, life, and ecology and harmonization between human being and desert, and promote the “Chinese solution” of combating desertification to benefit the whole world.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2023-08-12 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In order to implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speech on strengthening the comprehensive control of desertification and promoting key ecological engineering projects such as the “Three-North Shelterbelt Program”, this study is designated to make concrete efforts to win the battle against desertification on the edge of Hexi Corridor–Taklimakan Desert. The study deeply explores the situation of wind-blown sand flux and prevention tasks in the area. Based on the characteristics of desertified land and wind-blown sand activities on the edge of Hexi Corridor–Taklimakan Desert, the goal is set to effectively prevent the spread of sand and control dust sources. The core focus is on wind prevention, sand resistance, and dust control. The strategic thinking has been formulated for the counterattack battle on the edge of Hexi Corridor–Taklimakan Desert. By systematically analyzing the source areas and paths of “wind, sand, and dust” and targeting the key zones of the desert edge and areas requiring prevention, the key areas and tasks are proposed for desertification control on the edge of the Hexi Corridor–Taklimakan Desert, so as to provide scientific and technological support for winning the battle against desertification on the edge of Hexi Corridor–Taklimakan Desert.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2023-08-12 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： China has made remarkable achievements in combating desertification over the past 70 years. At present, China has entered a new stage of combating desertification while facing many problems such as large desertification land base and high difficulty in combating desertification, and it is more important to meet the national strategic needs of ecological construction, rural revitalization, and the development and utilization of renewable energy in desert, Gobi, and wasteland areas. The strategic choice of combating desertification in China in the new era is overall improvement and key breakthroughs. The core of the strategy is whole-area governance, innovation-driven, and technology integration. The institutional arrangement of preferential policies is to fully implement the “one desert, four mechanisms” (cultivation, prevention, combating, and utilization), make every effort to win the “three iconic battles” of the “Three-North” battle, give priority to the implementation of key demonstration projects, and accelerate the update of policy. A new engine of science and technology will be built to improve the quality and efficiency for combating desertification, draw a bright vision of Chinese-style modernization featuring integration of production, life, and ecology and harmonization between human being and desert, and promote the “Chinese solution” of combating desertification to benefit the whole world.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Land degradation and desertification are the serious ecological problems and challenges to achieve global sustainable development goals. The Chinese government proposes to integrate the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt with the environmental improvement of the Central Asia, to build an intimate community of shared destiny between China and the Central Asia countries, and to promote the green and sustainable development of the Silk Road Economic Belt. However, the ecological crisis in the Aral Sea causes a significant shrinking in water body, loss of biodiversity, salinization, desertification, and salt dust storm, which have become major environmental problems encountered in the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt in the Central Asia. On the basis of sorting out the problems of land degradation and desertification caused by the ecological crisis in the Aral Sea,this study scientifically analyzed the development trend and causes of desertification and salinization land in the Aral Sea region in the past 30 years, discussed the spatial differences of vegetation stability and its carrying capacity in the Amu Darya Basin and the Aral Sea region, and put forward the directions, strategies, key technologies and innovative modes of ecological restoration for the desertification and salinized land. Solving the ecological crisis and desertification in the Aral Sea is one of the key points in the construction of the Green Silk Road, and also an important embodiment of building a community of shared future for mankind and practicing the global values of ecological civilization.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The Belt and Road region crosses different geographic areas and ecological zones. Ecologic problems and hazards risks are complicated in these zones and they threat seriously the green development and economic corridors security along the Belt and Road region. Based on multiple data sources platform installation and experiment-demonstration researches and observations, the regional ecologic-environmental regulations of the Belt and Road region are well and scientifically recognized, key areas/zones and the ecologic-environmental security and risk response programmes of major projects are systematically integrated. The findings of the key advanced research project on the environment change and construction of the Green Silk Road of the Pan-Third Pole provide scientific and technical supports to the further promotion of the Green Belt and Road development, and they also serve the world successful cases for global environmental governance.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Cele Desert Research Station is located in the southern rim of Takelimagan Desert of Xinjiang, China. The fragile ecological environment and frequent sand storms in the area have seriously affected the livelihood, and restricted the economic and social development of the region. In the early 1980s, the frontier of the desert was only 1.5 km away from the town of Cele. Under this very urgent situation of “The sand at the gates”, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences (the former of Xinjiang Desert Institute of Biological and Soil, Chinese Academy of Sciences) established Cele Desert Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as “Cele Station”). Researchers came to Cele, and started desertification prevention and control work. Since its establishment, Cele Station has accomplished a series of research and development achievements through longterm monitoring, research, experiments, and demonstration, focusing on the key scientific and technological issues urgently needed by regional fragile ecological environment management, and farmers and herdsmen to overcome poverty and increase their income. In terms of theoretical research, stress response mechanisms and adaptation strategies of dominant plants species in extreme arid regions were systematically expounded. In terms of technology research, development, application, and promotion, Cele Station has constructed the quick sand control model, put forward the technical system of restoring Tamarix chinensis vegetation in flood diversion irrigation, and remove the threat of quick sand invasion to Cele County. The technology has been widely applied in central Asia and Africa. The planting mode of high and stable yield of cotton and the technical system of inoculation of Cistanche were put forward. These practices have gained great economic and social benefits in Xinjiang. A technical system for optimizing the utilization of regional water resources has been established and popularized in Southern Xinjiang. Cele Station has become an important platform of scientific and technological research and development, and an experimental demonstration base, and has made important contributions to regional ecological environment construction, economic and social development.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Highways and railways are important infrastructures of land transportation. The blown-sand hazard control of traffic arteries in sandy areas has always been one important issue in the national economy and society. In view of the characteristics of aeolian environment and the demand for safe operation of traffic arteries, China has carried out a large number of sand hazard control experiment and practices mainly on technology innovation of materials, measures, comprehensive system, maintenance, summed up four configuration patterns of sand control system, and created some patterns of sand hazard control technology for desert traffic arteries in different aeolian environments with Chinese characteristics, the patterns have been applied successfully in the Baotou-Lanzhou Railway, Qinghai-Tibet Railway, Tarim Desert Highway and Open Channel in Gurbantunggut Desert. China’s achievements in the sand hazard control for land transportation arteries have a broad application prospect in sandy areas in the world, especially in the countries along the Belt and Road.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Desertification, since initial recognition in 1927 and common definition in 1992, through its vicissitudes, is still one of the serious global environmental issues face the world and exists as the bottleneck of the development. Desertification threats the terrestrial ecological security and limits the sustainability of socio-economic development. In consideration of the impacts of desertification, an “Earth Cancer” and a persistent disease, the authors contribute four prescriptions of “good medicines” for the global initiatives to combat desertification, on the basic framework of Chinese strategies and experiences of “four horizontal beams and eight pillars”, in line with the 15.3 goal of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); namely, development of Protocol of United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and unification of Weights and Measures” (benchmarks and indicators) of the implementation and compliance of the UNCCD; setting up of global observation network to monitor the area change of dryland change; compilation of global natural desert (heritage) directory to leave behind landscape of aboriginal sand sea for future generations; initiation of “global governance action to combat desertification” to strive for achieving the target of Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) at 2030.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geology submitted time 2022-12-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：
The Tazhong-38th Corp Desert Highway, currently under construction, extends from the hinterland of Taklamakan Desert to its southeastern edge. Different degrees of wind and sand hazards are distributed along the whole route, posing serious threats to the construction, service, and maintenance of the desert highway. Based on remote sensing image interpretation and wind data analysis, the wind and sand environment characteristics and dune movement rules in different sections of the desert highway were assessed, and a corresponding sand hazard prevention system framework is proposed. Our analysis showed that the prevailing wind directions along the desert highway are NE, ENE, and E, and the frequency of sandy wind increases from 21.7% to 33.8%. The wind direction characteristic develops from sharp bimodal to blunt bimodal, and the wind and sand hazards gradually become more severe: the drift potential along the section ranges from 178.23 to 309.43 VU, the wind energy environment is low to medium, the resultant drift direction is between SW-WSW, and the wind direction variation rate is medium. The annual average dune movement speed is between 3.16 and 6.26 m.a-1 , and there are obvious spatial differences in dune movement speed and direction. The consistency between dune movement direction and the resultant drift direction is poor in some sections. Based on the above environmental characteristics of the desert highway sections, a sand control system for the desert highway, combining blocking and solidification, is proposed. The results of our study have practical application value in the development of prevention and mitigation measures for desert highway sand damage.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2020-01-06 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：以塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地的沙粒胶结体（Sand Cemented Bodies,SCB）为研究对象，通过野外自然状态下吹蚀不同沙粒胶结体覆盖度的沙盘，计算沙面风蚀（积）量，并对覆盖度与风蚀率、抗风蚀效率的关系进行分析。结果表明：风蚀量随沙粒胶结体覆盖度的增加而减小，随吹蚀时间的增加而增加；当覆盖度大于30%时，沙面发生风沙堆积，且堆积量随覆盖度和吹蚀时间的增加而增加；沙粒胶结体的抗风蚀效率随覆盖度的增加而线性增大。沙面蚀积转化临界覆盖度为30%左右，且该覆盖度下床面抗风蚀效益最佳。通过对比沙粒胶结体抗风蚀效益的风洞模拟和野外实验，表明风况、风速、沙粒胶结体粒径组合不同可导致沙面蚀积差异和临界覆盖度不同。因此，塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地发育的沙粒胶结体具有很好的风蚀抑制功能，可作为流沙固定新措施继续研究开发。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2019-09-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：利用新疆策勒流沙前缘及绿洲内部的野外气象观测数据，运用同步对比与统计分析方法，分析塔克拉玛干沙漠流沙前缘及绿洲内部近地表0.5 m和2 m高度之间逆温逆湿特征，揭示不同时期、典型天气状况下的逆温逆湿特征，为沙漠与绿洲内部的热量和水汽运移交换提供理论依据。结果表明：流沙前缘月平均相对湿度最大值出现在10月，最小值出现在4月，气温最高出现在8月，最低出现在1月。2011年7月逆温逆湿强度最大，逆湿日数占总逆湿日数的38.71%，逆温日数占总逆温日数的3.76%。逆温时间集中在傍晚19:00至上午10:00之间，逆湿出现在上午10:00至晚上21:00之间。绿洲内部月最低气温出现在2011年1月，最高气温出现在2011年7月，相对湿度最小值出现在2011年4月，最大值（74.91%）出现在2010年9月。最强逆温逆湿现象出现在2010年的11月，平均日温差3.48 ℃，垂直高度湿差达2.27%。总体上，在流沙前缘与绿洲内部，冬季的相对湿度整体上大于夏季的相对湿度，而气温整体上表现为夏季高冬季低，同一高度的温度与湿度呈现较好的负相关性。在4种典型天气情况下，流沙前缘与绿洲内部出现的温湿度变化和逆温逆湿特征变化趋势基本一样，但出现的时间上基本存在绿洲内部提前流沙前缘滞后的现象，但在晴天和扬沙天气下，逆湿在流沙地出现的时间提前而流沙前缘滞后。绿洲内部出现的逆温逆湿持续时间一般比流沙地持续的时间较长。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2019-01-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：新疆荒漠具有分布广泛、成因复杂、类型多样等特点。利用新疆数字地貌图结合Landsat卫星TM数据与GIS制图技术，通过长期野外调查结合有关资料编制荒漠类型图，获得荒漠类型面积数据，据此探讨荒漠分布规律、结构特征、形成演变，并提出利用和保护荒漠的建议。主要结果和结论如下：（1）新疆荒漠具有水平地带性分布与垂直地带性分布的规律及非地带性分布特点，荒漠多分布于干旱程度较高的南疆和东部吐鲁番及哈密地区，东部荒漠占新疆面积的45.86 %，占东部区域面积的91.77 %。（2）荒漠分布广，面积大，总面积达1 31.3 104 km2，占新疆面积的80.55 %。荒漠类型面积最大的是沙漠为42.7104 km2，占荒漠面积32.49 %，泥漠面积仅10 638.5104 km2，占0.81 %。（3）荒漠类型复杂多样，成因各异，有沙漠、砾漠、盐漠等11种类型，分别主要由气候、地貌、地表物质组成、人为作用等因素单独或共同作用所形成。（4）受自然环境变化与人为作用，荒漠类型之间、荒漠类型与其它地物之间可发生演变。（5）各种荒漠类型的要素特征不同，宜合理利用荒漠资源，划分荒漠环境退化敏感区，保护荒漠环境，针对不同荒漠类型采取适应保护措施，以保障区域可持续发展。
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2018-11-08 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：新月形沙丘是风蚀荒漠化过程中伴随的重要风积地貌类型，在以往的研究中主要侧重于沙丘体表面动力学过程，而关于沙丘在风蚀荒漠化过程中的作用鲜有报道。本文在台特玛湖的干涸湖盆区（曾经的塔里木河尾闾湖），采用测钎法，实地测定了新月形沙丘周围地表的蚀积变化，同时采用室内风洞模拟了典型新月形沙丘地表的气流分布模式，系统分析了新月形沙丘对地表蚀积影响的作用机理。结果表明：在新月形沙丘影响下，沙丘周围地表风蚀强度不均一，在沙丘迎风坡前区和沙丘左右翼，风蚀深度略大于不受沙丘影响区（CK），但单位面积平均净蚀积量接近平衡状态；在沙丘背风坡前区以风积为主，而在背风侧尾流区，地表以风蚀为主，且随着沙丘体积增加，单位面积平均净风蚀量也略有增大。在内陆干旱区干涸湖盆风蚀荒漠化过程中，新月形沙丘通过改变地表流场结构，使风沙流饱和度发生空间分异，从而影响了下伏地表蚀积的空间分布，尤其加剧了背风侧尾流区的风蚀，使新的风蚀面裸露，破坏沉积层结构，促进了河湖相沉积平原风蚀荒漠化的发展。
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2018-06-10 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： 2011年6月13日至8月3日通过对吉亚乡新开垦地防护林内外4种立地类型下的风速、温度、大气相对湿度（RH）、太阳辐射能和光合有效辐射（PAR）的日变化差异分析，比较了晴天和扬沙天气对4个下垫面不同气象要素的影响差异，运用野外观测、相关统计等方法，对其小气候要素空间差异进行了对比分析。结果表明：与流沙地相比，杨树林、沙拐枣林和柽柳林内1 m高处的日平均风速减小了76.43%、95.85%和78.74%；在0.5 m高处，分别下降了78.07%、97.80%和93.82%。新疆杨、沙拐枣和柽柳防护林植被覆盖度分别为12%、80%和40%，说明植被的覆盖率越高，防风阻沙效益越好，越接近地表，风速越小。与流沙地相比较，杨树林、沙拐枣林和柽柳林内的气温分别下降了0.93℃、1.31℃和0.82℃，RH分别下降了18.96%、23.34%和14.78%，说明夏季植被具有降温增湿作用。太阳辐射能和光合有效辐射的变化趋势大致相同，日平均太阳辐射能在流沙地表现为最大，日平均PAR值在沙拐枣林内表现为最大，在杨树林中的值都表现为最小。晴天和扬沙天气下的气温趋势大致相同。晴天上午大气相对湿度变化大，扬沙天气下从日出开始，大气相对湿度逐渐减小。在夏季，对防护林的树种、高度、植物的盖度、疏透度和防护林前后观测距离不同，均会引起新开垦地防护林小气候的空间差异。
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