分类： 力学 >> 力学其他学科 提交时间： 2024-06-17 合作期刊: 《应用力学学报》
摘要： 圆环隔振器是一种以圆环结构为基础的非线性隔振器,圆环结构在压缩变形过程中会受到压力和环面拉伸的耦合作用,从而产生非线性恢复力,对圆环结构非线性恢复力的精确建模是研究隔振器性能的关键。将圆环结构等分为多段曲梁,利用梁约束模型对每段曲梁建立计及几何非线性的力-位移关系模型,结合曲梁间的力传递关系和几何约束关系,建立了圆环整体在压缩过程中的非线性恢复力模型,并计算了圆环变形过程中所有分段点处的正应力。通过电子伺服疲劳试验机对圆环结构在压缩过程中的恢复力进行了测量,验证了梁约束模型的建模精度。研究结果表明,利用梁约束模型可以表征圆环结构非线性恢复力特性,其建模精度与椭圆积分法相当,而模型表达式和求解过程都比椭圆积分法简洁。圆环在压缩量最大时正应力最大,此时最大正应力在圆环的上下端点。梁约束模型的建模精度随着分段数的增加而提高,当分段数大于12时,梁约束模型的恢复力计算误差小于2%。
分类： 力学 >> 力学其他学科 提交时间： 2024-06-17 合作期刊: 《应用力学学报》
摘要： 采用ABAQUS通用有限元软件对装配式方钢管约束混凝土桥墩进行建模,计算了桥墩试件荷载-位移滞回曲线与骨架曲线特征值; 以轴压比、长细比、约束系数、方钢管屈服强度、混凝土强度、钢管嵌入深度与桥墩边长比、嵌套钢管直径与桥墩边长比、嵌套钢管厚度与桥墩边长比为拓展参数,研究各参数对装配式方钢管约束混凝土桥墩荷载-位移骨架曲线的影响规律; 借鉴钢管约束钢筋混凝土柱的计算框架,拟合得出装配式方钢管约束混凝土桥墩各特征值(弹性刚度、水平荷载峰值、峰值荷载位移与下降段刚度)的计算公式; 该计算公式与有限元分析结果吻合良好,有限元分析值与公式计算值之比的平均值为1.004～1.035,均方差为0.133～0.162; 选取实际工程对算法进行实例验证,计算结果与有限元数值吻合良好。
分类： 力学 >> 固体力学 提交时间： 2024-06-17 合作期刊: 《应用力学学报》
摘要： 为确定橡胶混凝土的软化本构模型,对2种缝高比和5种橡胶掺量的混凝土试件进行楔入劈拉试验研究和理论分析。依据试验结果,采用规范公式及能量守恒定律计算混凝土试件的断裂韧度和断裂能,并求解出PETERSSON、欧洲混凝土规范、XU和REINHARDT3种软化曲线的相关参数。根据3种软化本构关系得到黏聚韧度理论值,并与黏聚韧度试验计算值进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:掺入适量的橡胶集料可提高混凝土的断裂失稳韧度和断裂能; 3种典型的混凝土软化模型均不能很好地描述橡胶混凝土的黏聚韧度; 对XU和REINHARDT软化关系式进行修正后,得到了橡胶混凝土的软化本构模型,可用于研究橡胶混凝土材料的抗裂特性。
分类： 力学 >> 力学其他学科 提交时间： 2024-06-17 合作期刊: 《应用力学学报》
摘要： 准确地分析和预测浅壳结构在热冲击下的动态稳定性和结构完整性,对于工程中普遍使用的壳结构的设计和优化具有重要意义。利用非线性浅壳理论,并使用Ritz法和Newmark直接积分法研究了内表面受热冲击作用的四边简支各向同性浅壳的动态突跳(snap-through)行为。分析结果表明:浅壳在足够强的热冲击下会发生动态突跳,而在突跳前后都会发生较剧烈的热振动; Budiansky-Hutchinson准则可用于判定发生动态突跳的临界热冲击条件。
分类： 其他 提交时间： 2024-06-12
摘要： 探索Carlson 模型、PET/CT 模型、Hoffman 3D 脑模型223Ra SPECT/CT成像参数条件。在研究中，对Carlson 模型、PET/CT 模型、Hoffman 3D 脑模型进行 GE NM/CT 670 ES 质量控制测试，并获取三种模型的质量控制标准图像，然后对这三种模型进行223Ra SPECT/CT成像检查，将获得的图像与质量控制标准图像进行对比。研究结果显示223Ra SPECT/CT 可以进行断层显像。Carlson模型223Ra SPECT/CT图像线性尚可、均匀性一般、热区分辨率（22.3mm）、冷区分辨率（22.3mm）；PET/CT模型223Ra SPECT/CT图像尚可，横断面、冠状面、矢状面图像融合匹配度及衰减校正离散度等指标距99mTc SPECT/CT质控图像有一定的差距；Hoffman脑模型223Ra SPECT/CT图像显示脑内沟回、基底节核团显示欠清晰，需要继续提高图像质量。实验结果表明223Ra SPECT/CT 显像尚可，证明223Ra SPECT/CT可以在临床对患者进行显像，但是为了得到质量更好的图像，具体的显像参数条件还需要进一步探索。
分类： 力学 >> 固体力学 提交时间： 2024-06-17 合作期刊: 《应用力学学报》
摘要： 可靠性灵敏度能够反映基本变量分布参数对可靠度的影响程度,为可靠性分析与优化设计提供指导。提出了一种基于多维平行六面体模型的非概率可靠性灵敏度分析方法。首先,给出基本变量域完全位于安全域时采用非概率可靠性指标,而基本变量域与安全域有交集时采用非概率失效度作为可靠性度量的原因。其次,推导结构线性系统的可靠性灵敏度解析式,并进一步探讨所提方法对结构非线性系统的适应性问题。最后,通过3个工程算例验证文中方法有效可行。
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： We measure for the first time the outermost edges of the Milky Way (MW) halo in terms of the depletion and turnaround radii. The inner depletion radius, $r_\mathrm{id}$, identified at the location of maximum infall velocity, separates a growing halo from the draining environment, while the turnaround radius, $r_\mathrm{ta}$, marks the outermost edge of infalling material towards the halo, both of which are located well outside the virial radius. Using the motions of nearby dwarf galaxies within $3\mathrm{Mpc}$, we obtain a marginal detection of the infall zone around the MW with a maximum velocity of $v_\mathrm{inf, max}=-46_{-39}^{+24}\mathrm{km s^{-1}}$. This enables us to measure $r_\mathrm{id}=559\pm 107 \mathrm{kpc}$ and $r_\mathrm{ta}=839\pm 121 \mathrm{kpc}$. The measured depletion radius is about 1.5 times the MW virial radius ($R_\mathrm{200m}$) measured from internal dynamics. Compared with halos in the cosmological simulation Illustris TNG100, the factor 1.5 is consistent with that of halos with similar masses and dynamical environments to the MW but slightly smaller than typical values of Local Group analogs, potentially indicating the unique evolution history of the MW. These measurements of halo edges directly quantify the ongoing evolution of the MW outer halo and provide constraints on the current dynamical state of the MW that are independent from internal dynamics.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： The Solar System's orbital structure is thought to have been sculpted by an episode of dynamical instability among the giant planets. However, the instability trigger and timing have not been clearly established. Hydrodynamical modeling has shown that while the Sun's gaseous protoplanetary disk was present the giant planets migrated into a compact orbital configuration in a chain of resonances. Here we use dynamical simulations to show that the giant planets' instability was likely triggered by the dispersal of the gaseous disk. As the disk evaporated from the inside-out, its inner edge swept successively across and dynamically perturbed each planet's orbit in turn. The associated orbital shift caused a dynamical compression of the exterior part of the system, ultimately triggering instability. The final orbits of our simulated systems match those of the Solar System for a viable range of astrophysical parameters. The giant planet instability therefore took place as the gaseous disk dissipated, constrained by astronomical observations to be a few to ten million years after the birth of the Solar System. Terrestrial planet formation would not complete until after such an early giant planet instability; the growing terrestrial planets may even have been sculpted by its perturbations, explaining the small mass of Mars relative to Earth.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： A general covariant local field theory of the holographic dark energy model is presented. It turns out the low energy effective theory of the holographic dark energy is the massive gravity theory whose graviton has 3 polarisations, including one scalar mode and two tensor modes. The Compton wavelength is the size of the future event horizon of the universe. The UV-IR correspondence in the holographic dark energy model stems from the scalar graviton's strong coupling at the energy scale that marks the breaking down of the effective field theory.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Thermoelastic loss is one of the main energy dissipation mechanisms in resonant systems. A careful analysis of the thermoelastic loss is critical to design low-noise resonators for high-precision applications, such as gravitational-wave detectors. This paper presents an analytical solution to the thermoelastic loss in multimaterial coated finite substrates with realistic assumptions on the model structure and the elastic fields. The mechanism responsible for thermoelastic loss is taken as a function of material properties, operating temperature and frequency, and other design parameters. We calculate the thermoelastic loss for specific applications over a wide range of frequencies (1 Hz to 10 GHz) and temperatures (1 K to 300 K), and for a variety of substrate and coating materials. The result is relevant for gravitational-wave detectors and for experiments sensitive to mechanical dissipation.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Building accurate and predictive models of the underlying mechanisms of celestial motion has inspired fundamental developments in theoretical physics. Candidate theories seek to explain observations and predict future positions of planets, stars, and other astronomical bodies as faithfully as possible. We use a data-driven learning approach, extending that developed in Lu et al. ($2019$) and extended in Zhong et al. ($2020$), to a derive stable and accurate model for the motion of celestial bodies in our Solar System. Our model is based on a collective dynamics framework, and is learned from the NASA Jet Propulsion Lab's development ephemerides. By modeling the major astronomical bodies in the Solar System as pairwise interacting agents, our learned model generate extremely accurate dynamics that preserve not only intrinsic geometric properties of the orbits, but also highly sensitive features of the dynamics, such as perihelion precession rates. Our learned model can provide a unified explanation to the observation data, especially in terms of reproducing the perihelion precession of Mars, Mercury, and the Moon. Moreover, Our model outperforms Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation in all cases and performs similarly to, and exceeds on the Moon, the Einstein-Infeld-Hoffman equations derived from Einstein's theory of general relativity.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Presolar grains are microscopic dust grains that formed in the stellar winds or explosions of ancient stars that died before the formation of the solar system. The majority (~90% in number) of presolar silicon carbide (SiC) grains, including types mainstream (MS), Y, and Z, came from low-mass C-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, which is supported by the ubiquitous presence of SiC dust observed in the circumstellar envelope of AGB stars and the signatures of slow neutron-capture process preserved in these grains. Here, we review the status of isotope studies of presolar AGB SiC grains with an emphasis on heavy-element isotopes and highlight the importance of presolar grain studies for nuclear astrophysics. We discuss the sensitives of different types of nuclei to varying AGB stellar parameters and how their abundances in presolar AGB SiC grains can be used to provide independent, detailed constraints on stellar parameters, including 13C formation, stellar temperature, and nuclear reaction rates.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： The Messenger Interface Monte-Carlo Mappings V (M^3) is a photoionization code adopting the fully self-consistent Monte-Carlo radiative transfer technique, which presents a major advance over previous photoionization models with simple geometries. M^3 is designed for modeling nebulae in arbitrary three-dimensional geometries. In this paper, we describe the Monte-Carlo radiative transfer technique and the microphysics implemented in M^3, including the photoionization, collisional ionization, the free-free and free-bound recombination, and two-photon radiation. We put M^3 through the Lexington/Meudon benchmarks to test the reliability of the new code. We apply M^3 to three HII region models with fiducial geometries, demonstrating that M^3 is capable of dealing with nebulae with complex geometries. M^3 is a promising tool for understanding emission-line behavior in the era of SDSS-V/LVM and JWST, which will provide high-quality data of spatially-resolved nearby HII regions and highly turbulent local and high-redshift HII regions.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： The exchange of a pair of neutrinos between two objects, seperated by a distance $r$, leads to a long-range effective potential proportional to $1/r_{}^5$, assuming massless neutrinos and four-fermion contact interactions. In this paper, we investigate how this known form of neutrino-mediated potentials might be altered if the distance $r$ is sufficiently short, corresponding to a sufficiently large momentum transfer which could invalidate the contact interactions. We consider two possible scenarios to open up the contact interactions by introducing a $t$-channel or an $s$-channel mediator. We derive a general formula that is valid to describe the potential in all regimes as long as the external particles remain non-relativistic. In both scenarios, the potential decreases as $1/r_{}^5$ in the long-range limit as expected. In the short-range limit, the $t$-channel potential exhibits the Coulomb-like behavior (i.e. proportional to $1/r$), while the $s$-channel potential exhibits $1/r_{}^4$ and $1/r_{}^2$ behaviors.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： We show that the gravitational wave signals from primordial black hole (PBH) binaries at high redshift can be detected. The detectability of PBH binaries is enhanced by redshift bias and more PBH binaries at high redshift. The initial clustering of PBHs is also included and enhances the effectively detectable mass ranges of PBHs at high redshift. Future observations on the gravitational wave at high redshift by space-based detectors such as LISA and SKA can constrain the fraction of PBHs in dark matter and PBHs initial distribution.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Baiyang Bi
Miquel Barcelo
Christian Bauer
Faical Ait Benkhali
Jacqueline Catalano
Sebastian Diebold
Christian Föhr
Stefan Funk
Gianluca Giavitto
German Hermann
Jim Hinton
Ira Jung-Richardt
Oleg Kalekin
Ruben Kankanyan
Thomas Kihm
Fabian Leuschner
Marc Pfeifer
Gerd Pühlhofer
Olaf Reimer
Simon Sailer
摘要： In October 2019, the central 28 m telescope of the H.E.S.S. experiment has been upgraded with a new camera. The camera is based on the FlashCam design which has been developed in view of a possible future implementation in the Medium-Sized Telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), with emphasis on cost and performance optimization and on reliability. The fully digital design of the trigger and readout system makes it possible to operate the camera at high event rates and to precisely adjust and understand the trigger system. The novel design of the front-end electronics achieves a dynamic range of over 3,000 photoelectrons with only one electronics readout circuit per pixel. Here we report on the performance parameters of the camera obtained during the first year of operation in the field, including operational stability and optimization of calibration algorithms.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Inverse mass cascade is a key feature of statistically steady state for self-gravitating collisionless dark matter flow (SG-CFD). Continuous mass transfer from small to large mass scales (inverse) is formulated. Direct effect of mass cascade on halo mass function is presented. Mass cascade is local, two-way, and asymmetric in mass space. Halos inherit/pass their mass from/to halos of similar size. Two regimes are identified: a propagation range with scale-independent rate of mass transfer and a deposition range with cascaded mass consumed to grow halos. Dimensional analysis leads to a power-law mass function in propagation range with a geometry exponent ${\lambda}$. A fundamental merging frequency $f_0{\sim}m_p^{\lambda-1}a^{-1}$ is identified, where $a$ is scale factor. Particle mass $m_p$ can be determined if that frequency is known. Rate of mass transfer ${\epsilon}_m{\sim}a^{-1}$ is independent of halo mass, a key feature of propagation range. Typical halos grow as $m_h{\sim}a^{3/2}$ and halo lifespan scales as ${\sim}m_h^{-\lambda}$. Chain reaction of mass cascade provides non-equilibrium dark matter flow a mechanism to continuously release energy and maximize entropy. Continuous injection of mass ("free radicals") at the smallest scale is required to sustain the everlasting inverse mass cascade such that total halo mass $M_h$ increases as $a^{1/2}$. These "radicals" might be directly generated at the smallest Planck scale or by a direct cascade from large to small scales. Entire mass cascade can be formulated by random walk in mass space, where halos migrate with an exponential distribution of waiting time. This results in a heterogeneous diffusion model, where Press-Schechter mass function can be fully derived without relying on any specific collapse models. A double-$\lambda$ mass function is proposed with different $\lambda$ for two ranges and agrees with N-body simulations.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： We simulate the gravitational dynamics of a massive object interacting with Ultralight / Fuzzy Dark Matter (ULDM/FDM), non-relativistic quantum matter described by the Schrodinger-Poisson equation. We first consider a point mass moving in a uniform background, and then a supermassive black hole (SMBH) moving within a ULDM soliton. After replicating simple dynamical friction scenarios to verify our numerical strategies, we demonstrate that the wake induced by a moving mass in a uniform medium may undergo gravitational collapse that dramatically increases the drag force, albeit in a scenario unlikely to be encountered astrophysically. We broadly confirm simple estimates of dynamical friction timescales for a black hole at the center of a halo but see that a large moving point mass excites coherent "breathing modes" in a ULDM soliton. These can lead to "stone skipping" trajectories for point masses which do not sink uniformly toward the center of the soliton, as well as stochastic motion near the center itself. These effects will add complexity to SMBH-ULDM interactions and to SMBH mergers in a ULDM universe.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： To quantitatively study the driving mechanisms of magnetospheric convection in the magnetotail lobes on a global scale, we utilize data from the ARTEMIS spacecraft in the deep tail and the Cluster spacecraft in the near tail. Previous work demonstrated that, in the lobes near the Moon, we can estimate the convection by utilizing ARTEMIS measurements of lunar ions velocity. In this paper, we analyze these datasets with machine learning models to determine what upstream factors drive the lobe convection in different magnetotail regions and thereby understand the mechanisms that control the dynamics of the tail lobes. Our results show that the correlations between the predicted and test convection velocities for the machine learning models (>0.75) are much better than those of the multiple linear regression model (~ 0.23 - 0.43). The systematic analysis reveals that the IMF and magnetospheric activity play an important role in influencing plasma convection in the global magnetotail lobes.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Measuring the Cosmic X-ray Background (CXB) is a key to understand the Active Galactic Nuclei population, their absorption distribution and their average spectra. However, hard X-ray instruments suffer from time-dependent backgrounds and cross-calibration issues. The uncertainty of the CXB normalization remain of the order of 20%. To obtain a more accurate measurement, the Monitor Vsego Neba (MVN) instrument was built in Russia but not yet launched to the ISS (arXiv:1410.3284). We follow the same ideas to develop a CXB detector made of four collimated spectrometers with a rotating obturator on top. The collimators block off-axis photons below 100 keV and the obturator modulates on-axis photons allowing to separate the CXB from the instrumental background. Our spectrometers are made of 20 mm thick CeBr$_{3}$ crystals on top of a SiPM array. One tube features a $\sim$20 cm$^2$ effective area and more energy coverage than MVN, leading to a CXB count rate improved by a factor of $\sim$10 and a statistical uncertainty $\sim$0.5% on the CXB flux. A prototype is being built and we are seeking for a launch opportunity.
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