分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2016-09-13
摘要: We probe the possible anisotropy of the Universe by using the JLA compilation of type-Ia supernovae. We apply the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to constrain the amplitude and direction of anisotropy in three cosmological models. For the dipole-modulated ΛCDM model, the anisotropic amplitude is consistent with zero at 68% C.L., and has an upper bound AD<1.98×10−3 at 95% C.L. Regardless of much larger uncertainty, we find the dipole direction of JLA is amazingly opposite to that of Union2. Similar results are found for the dipole-modulated wCDM and CPL models. Thus, the Universe is still well consistent with the isotropy according to the JLA compilation.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2016-09-13
摘要: We propose a Finsler spacetime scenario of the anisotropic universe. The Finslerian universe requires both the fine-structure constant and accelerating cosmic expansion have dipole structure, and the directions of these two dipoles are the same. Our numerical results show that the dipole direction of SnIa Hubble diagram locates at (l,b)=(314.6∘±20.3∘,−11.5∘±12.1∘) with magnitude B=(−3.60±1.66)×10−2. And the dipole direction of the fine-structure constant locates at (l,b)=(333.2∘±8.8∘,−12.7∘±6.3∘) with magnitude B=(0.97±0.21)×10−5. The angular separation between the two dipole directions is about 18.2∘.
分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2016-09-14
摘要: In quantum gravity, a foamy structure of space-time leads to Lorentz invariance violation (LIV). As the most energetic astrophysical processes in the Universe, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) provide an effective way to probe quantum gravity effects. We use continuous spectra of 20 short GRBs detected by the Swift satellite to give a conservative lower limit of quantum gravity energy scale MQG. Due to the LIV effect, photons with different energy have different velocities. This will lead to the delayed arrival of high energy photons relative to the low energy ones. Based on the fact that the LIV-induced time delay can't be longer than the duration of a GRB, we present the most conservative estimation of the quantum gravity energy scales from 20 short GRBs. The most strict constraint,MQG>5.05* 1014 GeV, is from GRB 140622A.