Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2018-01-05 Cooperative journals: 《中国生态农业学报》
Abstract： Agricultural heritage system is a new type of heritage with outstanding ecological value, cultural value and social and economic value. Traditional knowledge is not only the experience and wisdom that local residents accumulated during their long-terms adaptation with the natural environment, but also the structural existence in agricultural heritage system. Traditional knowledge which exists every aspect of the local residents’ life hosts a supporting role in agricultural heritage system. Thus, protecting it is an important way to protect agricultural heritage system. However, there are few studies on traditional knowledge of agricultural heritage system, and there is not a exact difinition of it. In this study, we summarized the definition and connotation of the traditional knowledge in the relevant international conventions and studies. According to the specific characteristics of agricultural heritage, the traditional knowledge in agricultural heritage system was defined as the knowledge, innovation and practice which were accumlated in the long-terms agriculture production and daily life by the residents in agricultural heritage system, and it were closely related to livelihood maintenance, resource management, biodiversity conservation, spiritual belief and many other aspects. It could be divided into traditional knowledge of livelihood maintenance, traditional knowledge of biodiversity conservation, traditional knowledge of traditional skills, traditional knowledge of culture as well as traditional knowledge of natural resources management. Also, we defined each category of traditional knowledge separately and gave examples. In addition, we took Pu’er Traditional Tea Agrosystem as the example, analyzed the the relationship between the traditional knowledge and agricultural heritage system. There were 269 pieces of traditional knowledge in the system, and the unique combination of these traditional knowledges and the natual, social and cultural conditions constituted the profound connotation of Pu’er Traditional Tea Agrosystem and made it a GIAHS site. Besides, traditional knowledge had a positive impact on the agricultural heritage system in many aspects, including maintaining itself, enriching its cultural value and protecting its ecological environment. Then, we analyzed the existing problems in the protection of the traditional knowledge. In Pu’er Traditional Tea Agrosystem, the physical carrier of traditional knowledge was damaged and the transmission of the traditional knowledge was facing crisis. Meanwhile, the tourism and foreign cultures had a negative impact on the traditional knowledge in agricultural heritage system. What’s more, the protection of it was lacked of effective measures. Based on that, we provided several suggestions to conserve the traditional knowledge in agricultural heritage system. Firstly, the local residents should enhanced their awareness of protecting the traditional knowledge; Next, the local government should integrate the protection of it into their agricultural heritage system conservation planning; Also, the researchers should conduct the investigation, collation and cataloging of the traditional knowledge in agricultural heritage system, so we could effectively protect it according to the actual situation; Besides, the inheritance of the traditional knowledge should be strengthened, thus, the phenomenon of gradual loss of it could be alleviated; At last, we should use the existing institutions to protect the traditional knowledge in agricultural heritage system. Through these conservation actions, we could not only protect the traditional knowledge in the agricultural heritage system but also protect and develop the agricultural heritage system.
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2018-01-05 Cooperative journals: 《中国生态农业学报》
Abstract： As an important reserve land resources, studying unutilized land’s development suitability and development mode is an important measure to realize sustainable land use, and developing unutilized land is an important action to achieve food security, economic development and ecological civilization. Meanwhile, in order to guide development and utilization of unutilized land, suitable evaluation and exploitation partitions are the focus on how to promote scientific and technological innovation. We take Huanghua City as a case to study the evaluation on suitability and ecological risk of utilized land, based on which we use coupling model and genetic algorithm to evaluate the triplet coupling exploitation partitions of unutilized land. And we hope the case study can provide methodological demonstrations on development and utilization of unutilized land. Research results illustrate that, (1) The exploitation suitability of the arable unutilized land includes four grades, and the largest arable unutilized land is in the east of Huanghua city. (2) The constructive suitability of the unutilized land has three grades, and the third grade which concentrate in the center and west of Huanghua city has the biggest area. (3) There are five grades about ecological risk region, which high ecological risk regions are in the east of Huanghua city and low ecological risk regions are in the west of the city. The largest region is middle to low ecological risk region. (4) It can be divided into three kinds of key exploitation partitions, such as exploitation partition of arable land, constructive land, and ecological land. The exploitation partition of arable land mainly concentrates in the center and west of the city, the exploitation partition of constructive land mainly located in the central of the Huanghua city, the exploitation partition of ecological land mainly concentrated in the east side of the city. The results may crack the dilemma of land supply and demand.
Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Basic Disciplines of Agriculture submitted time 2017-11-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国生态农业学报》
Abstract：福建尤溪联合梯田是一个持续了1 300多年的农业文化遗产系统, 然而随着工业化的不断发展, 其社会-经济-自然复合生态系统的稳定机制已经不适应生产力发展的要求, 景观生态系统正面临不可持续的威胁。本文运用景观生态原理和方法, 分析联合梯田景观指数和空景观间格局, 研究景观资源现状, 并提出景观资源开发利用的保护对策。结果表明: 1)林地和耕地是联合梯田的景观优势类型, 分别占总景观面积的67.93%和20.40%。林地的景观破碎度(0.05)和斑块数目(83个)较低, 体现森林覆盖度较高且分布较集中。耕地的斑块数目(1 369个)、斑块密度(1 327个km2)、边缘密度(89.91 mhm2)、景观破碎度(0.75)和景观形状指数(50.85)均最大, 体现耕地面积破碎化、形状多样化及边界复杂的特征。2)联合梯田形成“水源林-聚落-梯田-复合景观”的垂直立体分布格局, 具良性生产功能、宜居功能、水土保持功能和美学功能。3)联合梯田发育了丰富的景观资源, 但仍存在较多景观资源破坏及未能深刻挖掘利用的问题, 使联合梯田文化遗产地陷入“景观资源闲置-遗产地贫困-人口流失-梯田生态景观破坏-景观资源消失”恶性循环。4)未来应重点恢复与改造梯田景观, 建立相应的补偿机制, 发展生态农业、第二产业, 发展农业文化遗产旅游和生态旅游, 促进梯田景观复兴及传统文化的现代回归。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2017-04-20 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：2017年3月5日上午，十二届全国人民代表大会第五次会议在北京开幕，国务院总理李克强代表国务院作政府工作报告。总理的报告全面、客观、务实，不回避面临的困难、问题和挑战，却又凝心聚力、催人奋进。采用词云图等方法，对政府工作报告的关键词、定量指标和重点区域作了梳理和分析，三大特点：（1）“改革”的笔墨最重，在2017年的政府工作报告中提到了83次；（2）充分体现了“以人为本”的理念，“人民”和“群众”分别被提及40次、28次；（3）2017年重点工作任务重、压力大，政府依然坚定信心、抢抓机遇、砥砺前行。从人文与经济地理学视角来看，政府工作报告给学科提出了若干重大科学问题和决策咨询问题，主要包括：“一带一路”、资源环境承载力与生态文明建设、新型城镇化、空间治理与区域发展、产业结构调整升级、精准扶贫和创新驱动发展等，亟待开展扎实和深入研究，为国家相关部门的战略决策提供科学依据。这既是国家治理现代化的迫切需求，也是中科院作为高水平科技智库服务国家战略需求和国民经济主战场的光荣使命，也是人文与经济地理学保持快速发展和旺盛生命力的重要动力。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2017-04-20 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：基础设施互联互通是“一带一路”建设的优先领域。“中欧班列”是欧亚大陆货物运输新的渠道和基础设施“互通”的重要举措，已成为“一带一路”建设的标志性运输合作平台。文章在阐释“中欧班列”运营的战略意义和存在问题后，提出如何正确认识这种新的运输方式，指出“中欧班列”在我国对外贸易运输中的地位与作用有限，只适用于远离东部沿海港口的中西部地区以及国际大通道沿线地区，且在合理的地域范围内运输适宜的货物，才能盈利。最后，作者提出构建轴-辐组织模式，打造关键货物集散枢纽，统筹规范组织“中欧班列”，以降低“中欧班列”的运输成本，从而产生规模经济。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2017-04-20 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：随着贸易与战略物资运输对远洋海运依赖程度的加深，航运安全成为影响国家经济安全的战略性问题。在此背景下，航运战略支点建设成为推动“21世纪海上丝绸之路”建设和深化全球贸易联系的重要途径。文章界定了航运战略支点的科学内涵，设计了识别方法并在全球范围内识别了航运战略支点，以期为“一带一路”建设提供决策依据。研究发现，航运战略支点存在战略枢纽、战略通道与战略海域的结构性与空间性分异。目前，全球存在44个战略枢纽，分别成为各区域航运网络组织的控制中枢；存在7个战略通道，集束全球主要的航线与货运量并控制着战略性物资的全球运输；加勒比海、地中海、东南亚-太平洋三大航运战略海域，成为重要航区与经济区之间联系的必经之地。这些航运战略支点对我国的战略物资运输与贸易往来具有重大影响。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2017-04-20 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：“一带一路”建设是我国全方位对外开放的总体方略，是我国长期和顶层的国家战略。“四大板块”是“十一五”以来我国的区域发展总体战略，而京津冀协同发展和长江经济带是近年来中央提出的新的区域发展战略。文章在阐明“一带一路”战略的核心内涵及区域影响的基础上，重点从战略功能、空间影响、相互作用方式等方面深入分析和论述了“一带一路”建设与“四大板块”区域发展总体战略、京津冀协同发展战略和长江经济带开放开发战略的逻辑关系和相互作用机制；在此基础上提出了“一带一路”建设背景下我国区域发展战略的重点以及进一步完善我国区域发展战略的政策建议。
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