Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2023-01-03
Abstract：
The executive control advantage brought by bilingual experience has long attracted much attention. However, the theoretical explanation and specific performance of the bilingual advantage effect are still inconsistent. In order to further clarify the internal mechanism of bilingual advantage effect, the current research distinguished interference control and response inhibition, as well as included moderating variables of both age and languages family. Finally, through the meta–analysis of 102 literatures, it was found that the bilingual advantage of executive control was significant, albeit marginal (g = 0.11), but the bilingual advantage disappeared after controlling the publication bias. Furthermore, the bilingual advantage of interference control component was significant, albeit marginal (g = 0.08). After controlling the publication bias, the bilingual advantage of response inhibition component disappeared. The bilingual advantage of cognitive flexibility was moderated by the subjects' age and the year of publication. To sum up, the results suggest future research can pay more attention to the differences between interference control and response inhibition in the bilingual advantage effect and their internal mechanism, as well as the influence of bilingual age and the language distance between the second language and the mother tongue on the bilingual advantage of executive control.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2022-05-06
Abstract：
The embodied semantic view of metaphors holds that the processing of verbal metaphors relies on sensorimotor simulation, as the verbal metaphors are grounded in the physical body and sensorimotor system. However, in the psycholinguistic literature on this topic, the dominant assumption is that metaphorical representation is processed as abstractions rather than concrete representations. Abstractions are conceptual representations that are less specified than their literal-concrete counterparts. In recent years, some studies have proven that besides sensorimotor simulation, the comprehension of verbal metaphors also requires semantic abstraction. But the interaction between simulation and abstraction, as well as the time course of metaphorical meaning integration, is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate whether embodiment or abstraction, or both, are employed in the processing of verbal metaphor, and the time course of metaphorical meaning integration. We assume that besides sensorimotor simulation, the comprehension of verbal metaphors also requires semantic abstraction, and the semantic integration of verbal metaphors occurs immediately with the unfolding of sentence meaning. To test the above hypothesis, we employed behavioral and ERP technology to explore at phrase level and sentence level respectively.
Experiment 1: The purpose is to explore whether the literal - concrete and literal - abstract meanings will be activated by the processing of verbal metaphor from the perspective of phrases. Verbal metaphorical phrases, abstract verbs, abstract-control verbs, concrete verbs and concrete-control verbs were used as experimental items. A sentence priming paradigm was used. A total of forty-eight right-handed participants (23 males) aged from 18 to 24 years old took part in this study. A Latin square method was adopted to balance different experimental treatments of the same phrase between participants. The experimental materials were divided into 4 lists, and the subjects were randomly assigned to one of the lists to judge true or false words. Results: In the priming of verbal metaphorical phrasal, the reaction times of abstract verbs were significantly shorter than that of concrete verbs and control verbs, and there was no significant difference between concrete verbs and control verbs.
Experiment 2: The purpose is to explore the processing and integration timing of verbal metaphor from the perspective of a sentence by using event-related potential (ERP) technique. The participants were asked to read subject-verb metaphorical sentences, verb-object metaphorical sentences, literal-concrete sentences and literal-abstract sentences. Thirty-eight participants (17 males) were recruited in this study. To ensure the participants read sentences in the experiment carefully, 40% of the experimental items were selected to set the sentence comprehension task. The Latin square method was adopted to balance subjects and stimuli. Brain electrical activity was recorded by a 64-channel system composed of tin electrodes mounted in an elastic cap according to the international 10-20 System. The N400 and P600/LPC components were selected as indicators of the processing stages of the target verb and object. The results showed that the N400 effect induced by the verb-object metaphor sentences in the predicate stage is similar to the literal-concrete sentences, and the P600/LPC effect induced by the subject-verb metaphor sentences in the predicate stage is similar to the literal-abstract sentences. Subject-verb metaphor sentences induced more positive P600/LPC amplitude in the predicate phase compared to predicate-object verb metaphor sentences, while there was no significant difference in the average amplitude of P600/LPC between the two at the object stage.
The present results suggested that verbal metaphor is processed both by simulation and abstraction, and the metaphorical meaning is integrated immediately with the unfolding of the sentence meaning. The position where the semantic conflict lies in a sentence (verb vs. object) modulates the time course of metaphor sentence comprehension.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Experimental Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-12-23
Abstract： The paper summarizes recent eye movement studies in sequence learning home and abroad. Studies of sequence learning which adopted the manual response mix several different kinds of sequence learning, and the manual response doesn’t suitable for children and patients. The eye tracking technology can overcome the shortcomings of manual response, the anticipate saccade rate, saccadic response time, anticipation index and eyeblink rate were as dependent dependent variables for sequence learning. The major issues are sequence learning by observation, developmental and clinical research, and the relationship between implicit sequence learning and attention.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-05-03
Abstract： More and more researchers are concerned about the threat and impact of temperature and temperature variability on mental health. Temperature and temperature variability has direct or indirect effects on mental health indicators such as emotional well-being, emotional disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, organic mental disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, substance abuse and dependence, suicidal ideation and behavior. Most researchers explain the mechanism of temperature's influence on mental health from physiological aspects such as meteorological emotional effect, brown adipose tissue theory, and serotonin theory. Children and adolescents, the elderly, workers are vulnerable to temperature and high temperature pressure. There are also gender, age, and socioeconomic status differences in the effects of temperature change on mental health. In future studies, it is necessary to further distinguish different temperature indexes, pay more attention to the relationship between low temperature and mental health, control the interference of other factors on the relationship between temperature and mental health, and reveal the differences between individuals and groups. "
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2019-03-11
Abstract： The processing of moral metaphors is essentially a dynamic process of mapping a concrete source domain with sensorimotor experience to an abstract target domain and representing abstract moral concepts. And it should also be regarded as a result of interactive activity amid physical experience and moral emotions. Researches on the neural mechanism of moral metaphors showed that physical and emotional experience influence the processing of moral metaphors, and discussed the effects of moral emotions on the metaphorical mapping of morality. Future researches should enrich the range of subject and directions of mapping, and improve the ecological validity and cross-cultural validity by modifying the experimental paradigms in social interactions.
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