• Spatiotemporal patterns and characteristics of carbon emissions in the Loess Plateau: A case study of Qingcheng County

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Geology submitted time 2022-12-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》

    Abstract:

    In China, the county is not only an important contributor to carbon emissions and a major carbon sink zone but also a key administrative unit for the implementation of China’s national goals for carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Focusing on Qingcheng County as a typical county in the Loess Plateau, we investigate the carbon emission characteristics and spatiotemporal patterns, to raise awareness of the need for ecological protection of the Yellow River Basin, while achieving high- quality development and green and low carbon transformation. The key results of our study are as follows. (1) The change and structure of county carbon emission in underdeveloped areas have distinct characteristics. Industries below the designated size are the largest source of carbon emissions in Qingcheng County, having a low proportion of industrial carbon emissions but a relatively high proportion of service sector and household carbon emissions. (2) The spatial distribution of carbon emissions in Qingcheng County conforms to the Pareto Principle: 80% of carbon emissions are concentrated in 20% of the region, which is characterized by“overall dispersion and local agglomeration”. The high carbon zones are mainly concentrated in the valley, broken plateau area, and urban area. The medium carbon zones are mainly distributed in the broken plateau area and along the traffic line. Low carbon zones are widely distributed in ridge, hill, and gully areas. (3) The county carbon emissions in the Loess Plateau show clear temporal and spatial pattern differences that are affected by differences in topography. The largest patch index of medium and high carbon zones, such as urban areas, industrial zones, and major towns, increases, the integrity improves, the diversity of carbon sources decreases, and the types tend to be single. The carbon source diversity increases and the aggregation degree decreases in the ecotone between medium carbon zones and low carbon zones, such as transportation lines and residential areas.

  • 黑河流域绿洲变化的模式与稳定性分析

    Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2020-06-27 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》

    Abstract:本文旨在探索黑河流域绿洲近55 a的时空变化模式与稳定性。基于1963—2017年的16期多源遥感影像,提取了55 a黑河流域绿洲空间分布信息,使用叠置分析、格网化等方法,分析黑河流域绿洲变化模式与稳定性的时空特征。结果表明:黑河流域绿洲以波动变化模式为主,波动绿洲主要分布在灌溉保证程度差和土壤盐渍化的地区;扩张绿洲呈现早期向内填充、中后期向外扩张的模式;退缩绿洲主要分布在生态脆弱的绿洲边缘。黑河流域绿洲总体上逐渐趋向稳定,下游绿洲稳定性低于中游;中游及下游的金塔、鼎新绿洲波动主要发生在早期,而下游额济纳绿洲的波动主要发生在中期。

  • 分层分类和多指标结合的西北农牧交错带植被信息提取

    Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2019-03-07 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》

    Abstract:参照《中国植被》中的植被分类体系,结合野外考察结果,建立了适合中国西北农牧交错带的植被分类体系。以覆盖研究区的多幅Landsat影像为基础,按“分层分类,逐层验证”的思路,实现了对研究区植被信息的提取。提取时,先利用完全约束的最小二乘模型对遥感影像进行混合像元分解,将整个研究区划分为植被区和非植被区;在植被区,基于光谱特征、纹理特征和地形特征,构建CART决策树,获得了乔木林、灌丛和草原等7种主要植被型组;在植被型组内,基于不同植被类型NDVI的季节差异特征,构建NDVI差值比值指数 (NDVI_DR),将乔木林和灌丛区分为常绿和落叶植被型,使用温度植被干旱指数(TVDI),将草原进一步区分为荒漠草原、典型草原和草甸草原3种类型,从而得到各个植被型的空间分布范围。经验证,最终分类的总体精度能达到79.51%,kappa系数为0.773。本文所采用的分类方法充分利用了遥感数据既有的光谱信息和纹理信息,同时辅以地形信息。实践结果表明,分层分类和多种指标相结合的方法可以有效实现对影像跨幅的、以复杂镶嵌结构为主要特征的农牧交错带植被信息提取,精度较高,技术可行。

  • 腾格里沙漠昂格尔图湖记录的988 AD以来的古气候变化

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Geochemistry submitted time 2018-11-13 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》

    Abstract: 文章通过对腾格里沙漠东南部昂格尔图湖岩芯AGE15A的粒度、碳酸盐的百分含量和主要化学元素等多项沉积学气候代用指标及精确定年的综合分析,重建了该区域988 AD以来的古气候变化序列。研究结果表明,988 AD.以来的研究区的气候环境的演化过程与我国西北西风区古气候变化基本一致,呈现“冷湿-暖干”交替变化的特征,但在时间上存在一定的延迟。具体表现为:988~1383 AD,昂格尔图湖由洼地发育成小型湖泊,化学风化作用弱,湖区气候环境整体偏冷湿,期间出现几次暖波动;1383~1560 AD.,研究区处在中世纪暖期,为温暖、干旱的气候特征,此时湖泊扩张,湖中水生植物生长茂盛,呼吸作用增强,致使大量碳酸盐沉淀,最高值达到8.16%;1560~1700 AD.,研究区气候在昂格尔图湖形成之后出现最寒冷的时期,降水增加,气候湿冷,此时段与小冰期最盛期相对应;1700 AD.之后,温度开始上升,气候回暖,在1900 AD.左右达到最甚,此时沉积物中碳酸盐的百分含量也达到最大值,为10.15%,此期间湖泊继续扩张,出现几次气候冷波动。基于我国古代文献重建的历史时期气候变化基本不包括沙漠地区,所以本文利用湖相沉积记录来反演腾格里沙漠昂格尔图湖历史时期的气候环境演变,对中国沙漠研究有着重要参考价值,同时也为中国西北历史时期的气候重建提供科学依据。

  • 中国西部兰白西城市群经济增长结构分解及空间特征

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2018-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》

    Abstract: 采用偏离-份额四分量模型,分解2010—2015年兰白西城市群41个县(区)经济增长结构;采用空间数据分析方法,分析41个县(区)经济增长总量及各分量空间特征。结果表明:(1)兰白西城市群呈现以兰州市和西宁市为双核心的“中心-外围”经济结构,兰州市的经济中心地位更为显著。(2)根据经济增长总量及各分量,将兰白西城市群41个县(区)分为经济快速增长型、经济滞后增长型、竞争力优势推动型和资源配置优势推动型等4种类型。(3)经济增长总量、份额偏离分量、产业结构分量在空间上存在集聚性特征,竞争力分量在空间上存在随机分布性特征,资源配置分量在空间上存在负相关性特征。(4)份额偏离分量、产业结构分量与经济增长总量的空间重合度较高,竞争力分量、资源配置分量与经济增长总量的空间重合度有待优化。