Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Wetland provides various ecological functions, and wetland protection and restoration directly affect national security, sustainability of economy and society, as well as human well-being. This study has systematically summarized the current status of wetland resource and the achievement of wetland protection in China, and the conclusions will provide scientific support for the policy making in wetland protection and management. The area of wetland in China was 41.2�104km2 based on remote sensing monitoring in 2020, which lead the first in Asia. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the area of wetland has showed a recovery trend, the function in ensuring water security has enhanced, remarkable success has achieved in wetland biodiversity protection, a great potential in carbon sink function has been observed, the rational use of wetland has been continuously innovated, and the protection system is gradually completed, and the restoration system is formed. For the purposes of developing the wetland protection under current new period, we propose to implement strategic action of wetland protection to meet the national demand, to improve the basic theory and discipline system of wetland science, to innovate and improve the wetland protection and restoration technologies as well as the engineering measures, and to strengthen the building of highland of talent in wetland research and the think-tanks of wetland management.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Compared with soil degradation of black soil of other areas in the world, which caused by conventional tillage regarding as ploughed with residue return, soil degradation in Northeast China caused by rotary-till and residue remove or burning is more serious. Conservation tillage with residue cover and no or reduced tillage is one of the most important techniques for the protection and utilization of black soil. This paper briefly presents the derivation and definition of conservation tillage, and its main techniques in the world, as well as the issue of application and extension in China. Over the past 15 years, the expert team from Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), together with Jilin Province’s agricultural sector, universities, local academies of science, and other related units, overcame the barrier of demonstration and extension of conservation tillage in black soil region in Northeast China. They developed high performance no-till planter and strip-tiller, and proposed the techniques of wide-narrow row no-till, strip-till, ridge-till in Northeast China. This innovative application of conservation tillage in Northeast China is called Lishu model, and the effects of its wide extension in Northeast China is prospected.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The conservation and utilization of black soil have achieved remarkable results under effective measures and active promo#2;tion taken by different departments in China. At present, the conservation and utilization of black soil have been upgraded to national strategy and incorporated into related planning and outline, major scientific advances have been achieved. The black soil conservation and utilization have also been listed into the important governmental schedules in Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province, Liaoning Prov#2;ince, and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in Northeast China. The promotional mechanisms of black soil conservation and utiliza#2;tion have been established, approaches of black soil conservation and utilization have been proposed according to the local conditions, Lishu model and Longjiang model were established, soil fertility of six soil types in black soil has been enhanced, mass satisfaction has reached 100% according to the questionnaire survey, social and public participation awareness has been significantly improved. Additionally, black soil conservation and utilization could rely on related regulations and specifications under continuous improvement, and will rely on related national law in the future. Nevertheless, there are still a range of problems to be solved for further work in black soil conservation and utilization, such as whether the thick black soil layer can be maintained under current practices, whether soil with thin black soil layer can restore to soil with thick black soil layer by the technology innovation, how to simultaneously realize obstacle abatement and soil fertilization of albic soil with low input, and what are the threshold values of wind erosion and run off in black soil zone. In the future, black soil conservation and utilization should focused on strengthening top-level design, playing a full guiding role of Outline of the Northeast Black Soil Conservation (2017–2030) and Implementation Programme of National Black Soil Conservation Project (2021–2025), establishing black soil conservation zone in the north of black soil zone (N 45°) with area of more than 4×104 km2 in order to reach the objective of black soil sustainable utilization, breaking through technical bottlenecks of constructing fertile cul#2;tivated layer for soil with thin black soil layer in order to realize improvement in black soil fertility and enhance the crop yield, build#2;ing field observation stations with long slope in sloping arable areas focused on drainage technology with low energy and controlling groove erosion, setting up soil wind erosion monitor network in order to provide important reference for developing technology of con#2;trolling wind erosion.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The Science and Technology Innovation Project of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization (Black Soil Granary) is a Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), it is the core measure of the “Science and Technology (Sci-Tech) Campaign for Black Soil Granary” launched by CAS together with provinces and autonomous region of Northeast China, and also the core measures to implement General Secretary Xi Jinping’s series guiding principle relating to well utilize and protect the black soil in Northeast China. Better utilization and protection of black soil is crucially important to the national food security, and the program of Black Soil Granary aims to solve the key major scientific problems for black soil. According to the principles of question-oriented, led by innovation, and promoted by demonstration, the program will conduct key technological breakthroughs and demonstrating mature technologies following the specification of “purposeful, assessable, applicable, influential, popularizable, and continuable”. It is expected that, through the implementation of the Black Soil Granary program, Chinese Academy of Sciences can provide systematic resolutions for the better utilization and protection of black soil, and support national food security and modern agriculture development.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The health and safety of marine ecosystems are directly related to the health and well-being of all mankind. Factors such as insufficient effective monitoring data and lack of scientific decision-making information have affected the smooth implementation of the marine sustainable development goals (SDG 14) to a certain extent. Big Earth Data possesses macroscopic, dynamic and objective monitoring capabilities, and can play an important role in supporting the realization of the sustainable development goals of the ocean. With the support of the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and based on technologies and methods related to Big Earth Data, China has effectively carried out specific practices such as the production of missing ocean data sets and the construction of target localization models. Based on the above analysis, the study puts forward suggestions such as actively participating in the sharing of Big Earth Data in the international community, strengthening the drive of scientific and technological innovation in the realization of sustainable marine development goals, and deep participation in the United Nations Ocean Governance Plan.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Clean water and sanitation (SDG 6) is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, but so far, the world is not on the right track to achieve SDG 6 targets. In order to change this situation and lead the world to achieve the goal of sustainable water resources management, the United Nations initiated the SDG 6 global acceleration framework including financing, data and information, capacity development, innovation, and governance. From the perspective of data and information that serving SDG 6 target monitoring and evaluation, this study analyzes the current global data progress, the role of Big Earth Data, technology, and the integrated application in SDG 6 target monitoring and evaluation. The study summarizes two problems in the global SDG 6 monitoring and evaluation: 1) There is still a lack of sustainably provided high-precision indicator monitoring data set. 2) Lack of operational system integrating data acquisition, indicator calculation and target evaluation. On this basis, the study proposes to establish standardized statistical forms and technical guidelines, to build a system platform for the monitoring and evaluation of all the SDG 6 targets and indicators.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The protection and reasonable utilization of black land and developing a powerful nation in the grain industry are the cornerstone for safeguarding the national security. This study focuses on the main agricultural sources including soil, water, seed, fertilizer, farm chemicals, etc., and analyzes the key problems in grain production, ecological security, and sustainable development in black land in Northeast China. This study proposes to strengthen the research and development of technology and the relevant equipment for the protection of black land and increasing crop yield; to develop the reduction of soil obstacle factor and stress-tolerant plants planting modes; to build a long-term mechanism for black land protection and to comprehensively promote the intensive land management and mechanized production; to fasten the transition of traditional agriculture to precision and smart agriculture and to construct a coordinated and safe development mode for multiple ecosystems. The Chinese Academy of Sciences should give full play to its institutional and multidisciplinary advantages, and build a close union with local government, enterprise and farmers, thereby tackling the key problems and promoting the popularization of core technologies in the protective utilization of black land and soil health management.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Marginal land refers to the land with low agricultural productivity and economic benefit and fragile ecology due to the prominent limitation of soil barrier, strong restriction of water and heat resources as well as harsh topographic conditions. In China, the existing marginal land is about 1.17 billion mu (15 mu is equal to 1 ha), which is the most important resource of strategic emergency to deal with the cultivated land gap of 700 million mu. Marginal land storage is a major strategy for national food security. It has become a new international research trend to increase the productivity and ecological functions of marginal land by modulating the interaction between plant and soil microbial. This includes breeding high stress-tolerant plants, screening and application of plant growth promotion rhizobacteria (PGPR) to promote plant growth on marginal land, and strengthening soil microbial functions to improve soil quality and health. In view of the marginal land productivity expansion and ecological benefit improvement, it is necessary to formulate the overall action plans based on the principles of ecological priority and green development. We should carry out the marginal land R & D project with the idea of “plant first, soil-improvement as the base, water security, microbial control, and the integration of plant-soil-microbial ecological system”. (1) We should build a national database of marginal land and formulate the protection and management zoning plan. (2) We should develop four aspects of basic theory research namely, stress-tolerant plants breeding and its adaptive mechanism, efficient utilization of water and fertilize, soil obstacle factor reduction and biological networks induction/acclimatization, and the interaction between plant and microbial.(3) Focusing on coastal saline-alkali land in north and east China, soda alkali-saline land in northeast China, saline-alkali land in northwest inland, yellow spongy soils slope on the loess plateau, red soil and purple soil slope land in south hilly region, we should build different types of ecological farmland by integrating various technologies and theories. This will promote the protection and sustainable utilization of marginal land resources, and support the timely launch of the efficient use of contiguous marginal land to achieve the goal of increasing productivity by adding 700 million mu of medium-high grade arable land. This will be also helpful to ensure the implementation of the strategy of “storing grain in land and technology” and rural vitalization, and the construction of ecological civilization in China’s ecologically fragile areas.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Soybean is one of the most economically important leguminous seed crops that provide the majority of plant proteins, and more than a quarter of the world’s food and animal feed. At present, the soybean breeding technology in China mainly relys on conventional breeding, and the levels of both fundamental study and production lag behind those of the United States. Supported by “Innovative System of Designer Breeding by Molecular Modules”, one of the strategic priority research programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese soybean scientists have dissected several important molecular modules controlling yield and seed quality, revealed the coupling mechanisms of diverse molecular modules, bred a series of designer soybean varieties for field tests or regional trials, which together to establish the first-generation molecular module-based designer breeding systems in soybean. In the future, we should continue to strengthen germplasm resources evaluation and exploitation system, promote autonomy public database building, improve the data sharing mechanism, vigorously develop breakthrough technologies for high and stable yield soybean and for soybean replacement feed crops, speed up the molecular design breeding and artificial intelligence breeding systems, cultivate breakthrough soybean varieties, develop green and efficient cultivation techniques. With these studies, it is expected to enhance the soybeans production capacity and relieve soybean demand gap in China.
Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Soil Science submitted time 2018-07-26
Abstract： "
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2017-03-08 Cooperative journals: 《生态学报》
Abstract：在松嫩平原西部吉林省大安市乐胜乡，于2013年4月20日选择盐碱程度不均一的典型盐渍化旱田地块，面积为4.8 hm2作为研究样地。利用EM38大地电导率仪测定结合田间定点采样，并通过经典统计和地统计相结合的方法研究了盐渍化旱田土壤表观电导率空间变异特征，分析了土壤表观电导率与土壤盐碱指标之间的关系。结果表明，盐渍化旱田土壤水平方向表观电导率（ECh）经对数转换后具有强空间自相关，其变异特征主要是与地形地貌和水文状况等结构性因素有关。垂直方向表观电导率（ECv）经对数转换后具有中等空间自相关性，其变异特征受结构性因素和随机因素共同作用。ECh和Cv半方差模拟的最优模型分别为球状模型和指数模型。Pearson分析表明土壤表观电导率（ECh和ECv>）与土壤盐碱指标EC1：5、pH1：5、SAR、SC、Na+、CO32-、HCO3-呈正相关关系（Ph>来指示土壤的盐碱程度。回归分析表明土壤表观电导率（ECh和ECv）与土壤盐碱指标呈线性相关，且ECh回归模型的决定系数均大于ECv回归模型的决定系数，可用水平方向土壤表观电导率（ECh>）来计算土壤盐碱指标，进行土壤盐渍化的快速评估。
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