Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-31 Cooperative journals: 《中国腐蚀与防护学报》
Abstract: Based on the data of previous analysis of groundwater samples by bore holing and the data of the field survey in Beishan area, the chemical compositions of the typical samples collected from ground waters in the desired sites were summarized in this paper. It can be drawn after a comparative evaluation of the content of the main anions and cations of ground waters that the groundwater sample collected from the third borehole in the Jiujing block can be considered as the representative of ground waters of Beishan area, therefore, which may be adopted in the near future as a medium for corrosion evaluation of candidate materials to provide a near- field chemical environment around the disposal waste container in high- level radioactive waste disposal repository of Beishan area.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract: Today, human society faces global warming and its subsequent challenges. The ocean, as one important supporting component of the earth’s life system, plays a vital role in realizing the goal of sustainable development of human society. As the birthplace of the heat engine of the earth’s climate system, the Indo-Pacific convergence region plays a decisive role in modulating the distribution of earth heat and climate change and has been the focus of international ocean and climate observation projects. This study aims to summarize the achievements and challenges in the international observation projects in the Indo-Pacific convergence region since the last century. Through a detailed literature investigation, the achievements and substantial progress achieved in the Indo-Pacific convergence region international ocean circulation and climate projects are further quantified under the strategy of Marine Power of China since the “12th Five-Year Plan”, including the leadership of China in this area and solid scientific research output. Based on the recent 10-year experience in international cooperation and field expeditions in the Indo-Pacific convergence region, we propose a framework for future international cooperation through enhancing multi-sphere and multi#2;disciplinary investigations, which can well support sustainable global development, tackle the climate change, and highlight the top-level design and leadership of China in fulfilling the goal.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract: The extreme environment of the deep sea has shaped special life processes with great resource potential, and its detection and research are the frontier of international earth science. While the harsh high-pressure environment of the deep sea greatly limits the application of deep-sea sampling and detection technology, the deep-sea in situ detection technology can obtain the component and content information of deep-sea samples without changing the location and state of the measured object, hence it is more and more widely used in the research of deep-sea extreme environment. The deep-sea extreme environment in situ detection technology has a broad prospect. However, as an emerging detection technology, many scientific problems still need to be solved. This study summarizes the international and domestic research progress of deep-sea extreme environment in situ detection technology, and puts forward the future development strategies for the research of deep-sea extreme environment in situ detection technology in China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract: The marine area is a strategic area of China. To build China into a strong maritime country, we should enhance the capacity for exploiting marine resources, develop the maritime economy, protect the marine ecological environment, and resolutely safeguard national maritime rights and interests. Promoting marine science and technology to achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance is an inevitable requirement for accelerating the construction of maritime country. The marine scientific observation and exploration is the basic means of understanding the ocean, and is also an important basis for the marine resources development, environmental protection and rights and interests protection. This paper reviews the important progresses of global and national ocean observation and exploration program and network, with a view to highlight the practice of ocean scientific observation and exploration technology system construction in Chinese Academy of Sciences, and puts forward thoughts and suggestions on next steps. To build up China’s strength in ocean scientific observation and exploration technology system, we should further strengthen the top-level design to drive the “twin engines” of national strategic needs and frontier trends in science and technology, redouble efforts on developing scientific and technological breakthroughs to make continued efforts to solve the most urgent key problems, and innovate improve institutions and mechanisms to make full use of China’s strategic science and technology capabilities in the marine field, so as to provide strong scientific and technological support for the construction of China as a maritime power.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract: As the only inland sea of China, Bohai Sea has been regarded as the integrated part of the national territorial space toward green and high-quality development in the new era. The comprehensive environmental treatment in Bohai Sea has achieved noticeable progress, but the problems remain. The trend of biological and ecological degradation of Bohai Sea has not been fundamentally curbed. Guided by President Xi Jinping thought on ecological civilization and on building a maritime community with a shared future, China should join into the Implementation Plan for the United Nations Decade of Marine Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030), and manage to formulate Bohai Sea Decade Action Plan for Green and High-quality Development. The proposed action plan should aim at establishing “Clean Bohai Sea”, “Ecological Bohai Sea”, “Low-carbon Bohai Sea”, and “High-quality Bohai Sea”, and enhancing special projects in terms of science and technology, ecology, industry, and management. China would set up a typical module of regional sea sustainable development worldwide.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract: In 1995, the Committee on Typical Culture Collection of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) was established and renamed as the Committee on Biological Genetic Resource Banks of CAS in 2015. Under the Committee there are 12 members of bio-resource bank from 11 institutes of CAS. Bio-resources like seeds, plant tissue in vitro, human cell lines and stem cells, animal cells and tissue samples, microorganisms, microalga, and seaweeds are collected and deposited in the banks of Committee. Each year about 40000–50000 cultures were shared. The basic orientation, composition, and bio-resource scale of the Biological Genetic Resource Bank of CAS, and its supporting role in scientific research, major national needs and national economy are introduced in the paper. Based on the trend of the collection and sustainable utilization of bio-genetic resources, the key works of bio-resources are proposed.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract: The health and safety of marine ecosystems are directly related to the health and well-being of all mankind. Factors such as insufficient effective monitoring data and lack of scientific decision-making information have affected the smooth implementation of the marine sustainable development goals (SDG 14) to a certain extent. Big Earth Data possesses macroscopic, dynamic and objective monitoring capabilities, and can play an important role in supporting the realization of the sustainable development goals of the ocean. With the support of the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and based on technologies and methods related to Big Earth Data, China has effectively carried out specific practices such as the production of missing ocean data sets and the construction of target localization models. Based on the above analysis, the study puts forward suggestions such as actively participating in the sharing of Big Earth Data in the international community, strengthening the drive of scientific and technological innovation in the realization of sustainable marine development goals, and deep participation in the United Nations Ocean Governance Plan.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract: The closely reciprocal feedback between cryosphere and biosphere has constantly been intensified by global change, which strongly affects global management for environment and sustainable development of human-being. From the perspective of basic pattern and function of cryosphere ecosystems, and their response process and adaptive strategy to changing environment, we fully specified distribution patterns of cryosphere ecosystems and how it functioned for earth ecosystems and contributed to human well-being, briefly stated how it is most sensitive, thereby as an indicator to climate change, also pointed out cryosphere ecosystems as barrier function for maintaining biodiversity and increasing productivity, and finally put forward an effective way to facilitate ecosystems health in cryosphere. Totally, the common contents and corresponding study processes in cryosphere ecology were better to be introduced, even essential prospective of cryosphere ecology was included in this paper.
Subjects: Library Science,Information Science >> Readers Work submitted time 2017-10-10
Abstract: Reader training is one of the library important works , and also is an important means that the library give full play to the supporting role. This article analyzes the problems existing in curriculum training mode, course training model and self-help training mode localization, and put forward some feasible countermeasures with the purpose of providing references for the library readers training planning and conducting. References6.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2016-12-26 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract:海洋渔业(包括捕捞和养殖)提供的蛋白是全球人类膳食中重要的动物蛋白来源,同时海洋渔业也是众多国家国民生计的重要来源。我国是海洋渔业大国,确保海洋渔业可持续发展对维护我国食物及营养安全意义重大。近海生态系统是海洋渔业产出最为丰富的区域,在全球变暖背景下,近海过度开发、栖息地破坏以及陆源污染等,使我国渔业生物持续面临高胁迫环境,继而使海洋捕捞及海水养殖可持续发展面临巨大挑战。基因组等学科发展使得高胁迫环境下的海洋生物适应潜力的精准评估与预测成为可能。文章概述了我国渔业生物胁迫环境适应研究现状,以期明确海洋渔业生物环境适应进化研究的主要科学问题;并进一步提出未来研究建议,以促进我国海洋渔业生物资源与水产养殖精准化管理及产业健康、可持续发展。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2016-12-26 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract:海洋强国建设、海洋发展战略、海洋资源开发利用、海洋环境保护、海洋经济可持续发展、海洋生态系统健康等已经成为热门话题,海洋资源与环境问题在我国受到前所未有的重视。在大家热议海洋粮仓、远洋渔业、海洋牧场、离岸养殖、冷水团养鱼、养殖工船、透明海洋、智慧海洋、从浅海走向深海、从近海走向大洋、海洋生态文明建设等话题和计划的大环境下,从全球海洋角度,将海洋作为一个整体,从海洋生态系统结构与功能、能流和物流的层面探讨海洋渔业资源发展历程和发展出路,提出“海洋渔业3.0”发展计划,旨在探讨建立我国海洋渔业可持续发展的系统解决方案。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2016-12-26 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract:海洋环境是最为恶劣的自然腐蚀环境;海洋腐蚀问题是海洋工程安全服役面临的主要威胁,也给国民经济带来巨大的损失。未来人类对海洋开发的深度和广度将不断拓展,也将面临不断出现新的腐蚀问题的挑战。文章结合目前海洋开发研究的现状及未来发展趋势,介绍了海洋腐蚀环境特点,分析了我国海洋腐蚀防护现状及需求,并对海洋腐蚀防护研究以及相关政策规章的制定提出了建议。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2016-12-26 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract:海洋中存在各种对气候和环境有显著影响的多尺度自然现象,如热带不稳定波和厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ElNiño-Southern Oscillation,ENSO)等,它们是海洋中不同时间和空间尺度过程及其与地球系统中其他圈层之间相互作用的综合产物,表现出复杂性、多样性、多变性和相互作用等特点。对海洋的研究要作为一个系统来展开,以考虑多尺度和多圈层过程间的相互作用和反馈;要采用不同方法相结合的综合手段(包括观测、理论和模式等);在认知和表征现象和过程的基础上,进一步构建模式,从而模拟、预测和预估海洋相关现象及其对气候和环境变化的影响。作为地球系统中最强的年际变化信号,ENSO现象是研究年际时间尺度海气相互作用和气候预估的核心内容,本文以ENSO为例,来阐明海洋多尺度和多圈层过程及其相互作用对ENSO的调制影响(如海洋生物引发的加热效应和热带不稳定波等的反馈作用)。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2016-12-26 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract:深海作为海洋系统的重要组成部分,涉及到国家战略和疆域拓展,一直是海洋强国争夺的战略重点。深海极端环境塑造了特殊的生命过程,资源潜力巨大,对其探测与研究是国际地球科学前沿。对水深1 000 m以下的海山、热液、冷泉等海洋极端环境与生活在这些环境中的特殊生命进行综合探测,涉及到深海地质环境、化学环境、物理环境和特殊生态系统,涉及到深海极端环境特殊装备的研发以及深海探测与研究综合平台建设,涉及到考察船、深潜器、特殊装备、方法体系的建立和技术体系的建立,是一个国家综合实力的体现。文章总结了国际上深海极端环境和生命过程研究进展,在分析我国深海研究现状基础上,提出未来我国深海极端环境和生命过程研究对策。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2016-12-26 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract:文章通过对海洋研究中的关键问题以及海洋科学发展现状进行剖析,提出了我国在近海、深海、大洋、海洋装备领域的研究重点。建议在未来海洋战略中加强自动化、智能化、无人化的海洋综合感知体系建设,实现海洋信息的有效传递、处理和应用。提出从海洋系统角度开展海洋研究的理念,加强海洋多圈层相互作用研究。通过科学与技术的协同发展,使我国的海洋科学研究更好地服务于国家海洋战略的实施以及对海洋系统的综合管控。