Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The arid region of Northwest China is one of the driest regions in the world and is characterized with severe water scarcity.Water shortage is the most critical natural factor limiting the high-quality economic and social development and ecological security in the arid region of Northwest China. Based on the long-term monitoring data from the field stations of Chinese Academy of Sciences, observation data of meteorological stations, water resources bulletin and the remote sensing data, this study systematically analyzes the basic characteristics of water resources and ecological environment in the arid region of Northwest China, assesses the changing trends of hydrological elements, water resources, and ecological environment. Besides, this study analyzes the changes of water resources carrying capacity in terms of water use structure and water resources utilization efficiency, and puts forward some suggestions on sustainable water resources utilization and ecological and environmental protection. The results show that the temperature in the arid region of Northwest China has increased at a rate of 0.32℃/decade and precipitation has increased at a rate of 9.32 mm/decade. The glaciers are shrinking at accelerating rate and the runoff supplied by glacier/snow meltwater has increased. The amount of water resources has increased by about 11 billion m3 since the mid-1990s. In the past decade, water use efficiency has been improved, water-saving irrigation area has been expanded, and agricultural water production efficiency has been improved due to water conservation and utilization measures. Water environment capacity has been increased, water carrying capacity has been enhanced, surface water area has been expanded, and the ecosystem condition has improved. However, water resources problems are still prominent in the arid region of Northwest China, the intensity of extreme climate and hydrological events has increased, and the ecological environment is still fragile. In the future, it is necessary to further explore the water resources potential of this region, improve the water resources management, and enhance ecological protection and restoration efforts for better adaptation to the possible risks of climate change, so as to provide scientific and technological support for promoting the construction of the “Green Silk Road” and realizing high-quality regional economic and social development.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Wetland provides various ecological functions, and wetland protection and restoration directly affect national security, sustainability of economy and society, as well as human well-being. This study has systematically summarized the current status of wetland resource and the achievement of wetland protection in China, and the conclusions will provide scientific support for the policy making in wetland protection and management. The area of wetland in China was 41.2�104km2 based on remote sensing monitoring in 2020, which lead the first in Asia. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the area of wetland has showed a recovery trend, the function in ensuring water security has enhanced, remarkable success has achieved in wetland biodiversity protection, a great potential in carbon sink function has been observed, the rational use of wetland has been continuously innovated, and the protection system is gradually completed, and the restoration system is formed. For the purposes of developing the wetland protection under current new period, we propose to implement strategic action of wetland protection to meet the national demand, to improve the basic theory and discipline system of wetland science, to innovate and improve the wetland protection and restoration technologies as well as the engineering measures, and to strengthen the building of highland of talent in wetland research and the think-tanks of wetland management.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Bio-ethanol reforming for hydrogen production, using renewable raw materials and adopting mature and efficient chemical processes, is an important source of green hydrogen supply to achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Bio-ethanol is a widely used substitute for fossil fuels. With the continuous progress of cellulosic ethanol technology in recent years, bio-ethanol will gradually break through the constraints of starch-based raw material supply. Based on the industrialization achievements of hydrogen production and bio-ethanol, bio-ethanol reforming can realize a rapid linkage with the existing hydrogen energy industry. However, the existence of a carbon#2;carbon signal bond in ethanol poses new challenges to the development of hydrogen production catalysts, and production technology for the palladium membrane reactor has been significantly improved, creating an opportunity for the miniaturization of equipment and on-line application of bio-ethanol reforming. Bio-ethanol can be supplied through gas stations, and online hydrogen production can avoid the potential safety hazards of hydrogen storage and transportation. Bio-ethanol reforming for online hydrogen production is expected to achieve a seamless replacement of fuel vehicles in the process of industrialization, which has broad market prospects and great strategic significance.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Biodiversity is key to the foundation and development of human society. Biodiversity monitoring and research provide essential scientific support for the national development of ecological civilization and for building a beautiful China. To monitor the dynamic distribution of important species in typical ecoregions of China, Chinese Biodiversity Observation Network (Sino BON) was founded in 2013 under the supports of 19 institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the sponsorship of the 12th and 13th Five-Year Plans. Covering 30 main sites and 60 affiliated sites all over China, Sino BON includes 10 subnetworks specialized at monitoring different groups of species including animals, plants, and microbes and one network management center. Currently, Sino BON has established a crosscutting research platform for biodiversity science based on forest dynamics plots, combining near-surface remote sensing, satellite tracking, and molecular biology techniques. Considerable advances have been achieved in the construction and research on forest dynamics plots, observation network of big-sized animals, migration of birds using satellite tracking systems, etc. Future work will optimize the spatial distribution of sites as well as monitoring subjects employing man-made ground observations and automatic data logging systems at the main and affiliated sites. More efforts will also be paid to synergize domestic and international research on the interactions between multi-species and multi-nutrient levels in order for Sino BON to play a leading role in biodiversity monitoring and research in China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Under the support of the advisory project “Thinking and Suggestions on the Dilemma and Development of Chinese STM Journals” of the Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, we took extensive questionnaire survey and deep analysis based on 2734 researchers and journal editors from 34 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities, and special administrative regions in China. We believe that the current difficulties and challenges faced by Chinese STM journals are temporary problems occurred during the process of Chinese scientific and technological development, which are not only related to external environmental factors such as research evaluation and international competition of STM journals, but also originated from the insufficiency of reform and innovation of Chinese STM journals themselves. We suggest that Chinese STM journals should define developing direction, improve service efficiency, and integrate into new academic communication.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Uneven progresses have been widely detected among goals or regions in global sustainable development, which are ascribed to the heterogeneous resource and environmental conditions and trade-offs among goals. In-depth understanding and efforts to reduce such uneven progresses are essential for the holistic achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). This study discusses how bBig Earth Data supports the assessment of the even development among targets and regions by pointing out its advantages in providing high-frequency and more timely data products with higher spatial resolution for the currently poorly achieved SDGs regarding essential human needs and environmental protection. Moreover, the Big Earth Data brings deeper insights into the pattern and cause of the uneven development and disentangles the core issues that restrict the holistic achievement of SDGs.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The linkage created by migratory birds in time and space and between different global ecosystems, local biodiversity and diverse human culture epitomises the concept of “All Life on Earth”. The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat, referred to as the Ramsar Convention below, uses bird abundance as a means to identify the relative significance of Wetlands of International Importance, tightly linking the most threatened wetlands on our planet with waterbird conservation. Wetland loss and degradation in Asia has caused a dramatic decrease in waterbird abundance and diversity,underlining the critical need for monitoring and conserving those natural systems that remain. Through close cooperation with 10 other countries, the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has established the largest migratory bird movement ecological database in Asia, with independent intellectual property rights. It contains basic data on the migration strategies and flyways of large-bodied birds in Asia. Analyses of these data have shown that migratory large-bodied birds from over 20 Asian countries have all used wetland habitats in China, and the area of intensive use accounts for less than 1.5% of China’s total land area, mainly concentrated in the floodplains of just six river systems. Furthermore, we have identified critical relationships between wetland area, inundation area, hydrological process and bird abundance, diversity and behaviour. Large-scale development of wetland and water resources has caused loss and degradation of waterbird habitat, resulting in dramatic decreases in waterbird numbers. From a global perspective, the conservation of migratory birds and their habitats represents a common challenge for all human beings. In recent years, China has pioneered the successful conservation of its most threatened typical wetlands, which provides valuable practical experience and confidence for global biodiversity conservation. Finally, we make recommendations as to how China can take the lead in organizing global migratory bird monitoring and conservation.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Environmental and health problems caused by chemical pollution, especially high-risk chemical pollution, have become an important factor affecting the public health. How to ensure that chemicals bring well-being to human society, while ensuring that they minimize their harm to the environment and human health, is a problem that needs to be solved urgently in the field of chemistry, especially environmental chemistry. This article summarizes the latest research progress in the risk identification, risk prevention, alternative research and development and evaluation of perfluorinated compounds and other substances, and systematically explores how to use green chemistry, combined with the risk management and control, to decrease the risk of the high-risk chemicals during their entire life cycle. The article also discusses the research progress, development direction, and future development of high-risk chemicals throughout the life cycle.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Mercury (Hg) is one of the most toxic heavy metal and a global pollutant. The Minamata Convention on mercury entered into force in August 2017, which aims to control and reduce global anthropogenic Hg emissions and use, and highlights that Hg pollution has become an important global environmental issue. At present, China is one of the larger countries on Hg production, use, and emission, which faced with great pressure of Hg pollution control and implementation of the Convention. Based on this background, this paper systematically describes the production, use, and emission of Hg in China, the migration, transformation, and health effects of Hg, the Minamata Convention on mercury, and the progress of Hg pollution control and implementation of Minamata Convention in China, and also points out five aspects on Hg research in China, which hopes to contribute to the environmental Hg pollution control and the implementation of the international convention in China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Since the twentieth century, the health hazards caused by chemical pollutants have become increasingly prominent. Tens of thousands of high throughput chemicals have entered into the environment along with the massive production and use, raising emerging scientific issues for research in environmental science related fields. In this article, background and scientific significance of establishing the research direction on identification of novel organic pollutants are introduced. Basic principles of discriminating molecular structures and environmental behaviors of pollutant candidates with regard to the characteristics of persistent organic pollutants are discussed. Technical strategy and advantages of the established analytical frameworks, including quantitative structureproperty relationship model prediction, suspect/non-targeted analysis, and biological effect-directed analysis, are further described. In-depth exploration on occurrence, behavior and effects of novel organic pollutants will play a crucial supportive role in leading the direction of discipline development, improving chemical risk assessment criterions, and revealing the toxicity and hazard mechanisms of environmental pollutants.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Environmental pollution caused by rapid economic development has become increasingly prominent in China, and a variety of diseases occur closely related to environmental pollution. Theoretical innovation and technology improvements are not only challenges but also opportunities for environmental and health research in China. It is necessary to continuously gather and attract outstanding scientists to explore the causes and mechanisms of diseases resulted from environmental pollution, which can finally provide theoretical and methodological foundations for finding relations between the high incidence of regional diseases and environmental pollution and promoting the development of health protection technology.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Since the foundation of Chinese Loess Plateau Research and Observation Station for Earth Critical Zone and Terrestrial Surface Flux (CLP-CZO), CLP-CZO has been committing itself to serving the frontier critical zone science and regional or national policy needs. During the past decades, the research station has made several important advancements, including loess stratigraphy, paleo-environment evolution, ecosystem processes and services, soil and water conservation and policy advices for the Chinese Loess Plateau and the Yellow River. For its excellent research and policy services, the research station has been awarded two times of China National Natural Science Award and one time of Outstanding Scientific and Technological Achievement Award of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Up to now, the research station has published more than 300 peer-reviewed high quality papers. The significant science and policy advisory achievements include: (1) high quality and comprehensive loess and paleo-monsoon research, which has uncovered the internal relationships between loess-paleosol stratigraphy and paleo-climate and paleo-environment evolution and built the original theory of Paleo-monsoon Controlled Environment Evolution, and which has made the Chinese Quaternary paleo-climate research leading the world; (2) systematic research of land use patterns, ecosystem processes and services of the Chinese Loess Plateau, which has uncovered the interactive mechanisms of land use patterns and ecosystem processes and services in the area and put forward the parameter system and framework of the critical zone classification of the Chinese Loess Plateau for sustainable development; (3) systematic research of multiscale soil and water processes and conservation and its responses to large vegetation and engineering rehabilitation measures on the Chinese Loess Plateau, which has uncovered the complex relationships between soil moisture and regional climate, soil and vegetation and quantitatively evaluated the environment benefits and tradeoffs of large vegetation and engineering rehabilitation measures; (4) continuously providing advisory reports to the central government, the state council, state leaders and local government departments, which has provided strong science support for the decision-makers for the ecological rehabilitation and sustainable economic and social development of the Chinese loess Plateau and the Yellow River.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Biodiversity is not only important strategic resource, but also the safeguard to the ecological security and success of the development of ecological civilization. Gathering “big data” of biological sciences at different levels, the in-depth data mining and novel discoveries stemmed from cross disciplines will switch life sciences to the new data-intensive science paradigm, and eventually leads to the change of the way how life system should be understood, and how biodiversity resources should be utilized sustainably. Therefore, to establish an infrastructure for the big biodiversity data in China is urgently needed. This infrastructure incorporates big biodiversity data from both macro and micro scales, and integrates data services and data mining system. It incorporates in-depth data mining tools, simulation models, standards for compiling and sharing data of biodiversity and ecosystems. In this system, the big data from palaeontology and genomics, diversity of species and ecosystems are well integrated. The datasets from geography, climatology, remote sensing, environmental and social sciences, and economics are also included as a comprehensive visualized big data platform being available to the public. It could be used to promote sound decision making for biodiversity conservation and ecological security in China. These services will also contribute greatly to the advancement of biodiversity science, the industrial innovation and development, providing fundamental information for fulfilling the national obligations in implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity, the prevention and control of invasive alien species and the monitoring of international trade of wildlife, and so on.
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2020-04-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：博斯腾湖径流入湖、出湖口过近的水文现状对有机物浓度及其空间分布形成制约。采用MIKE21软件构建水动力水质二维数值模型，分析工程方案对博斯腾湖有机物污染的改善效果。根据模拟结果以及配对样本〖WTBX〗T〖WTBZ〗检验分析：在现状基础上实施扬水站东移或引开都河水3×108 m3·a-1进入黄水沟，均可显著改善博斯腾湖有机物污染，年均化学需氧量（COD）浓度分别降低13.4%和8.91%；两方案同时实施效果更为显著，年均COD浓度降低20.2%；通过工程实施改善博斯腾湖有机物污染切实可行。但在流域尺度上，工程方案仅改变了有机物平衡而未改变总量，博斯腾湖有机物污染改善源于污染物转移至下游孔雀河。
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2017-07-13 Cooperative journals: 《智库理论与实践》
Abstract：[目的 /意义]一带一路的倡议带动了我国与沿线国家多方位的合作与交流。针对沿线国家在水务科技方面的迫切需求,以我国近年来在相关领域积累的雄厚实力为基础,以科技为平台,探索政产学研合作机制,在帮助沿线国家应对水安全挑战的同时,带动我国水务科技产业走出去,建立双赢的合作模式。[方法 /过程]本文分析了一带一路沿线国家的基本情况,明确了其在水科技领域面临的挑战,分享了中国科学院—发展中国家科学院水与环境卓越中心(CAS-TWAS CEWE)在与一带一路国家交流合作中的相关进展成果。[结果 /结论 ]CAS-TWAS CEWE积极探索政产学研合作机制,创建了"人才培养—科技援助—企业跟进"三位一体的科...
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2017-03-31 Cooperative journals: 《腐蚀科学与防护技术》
Abstract：管网腐蚀问题是影响供水管网安全输配的最重要问题之一。管材的腐蚀与管网微生物生命活动密切相关。大量研究表明管壁表面普遍存在的生物膜是影响水相，生物膜与管材基质界面腐蚀作用的关键因素。深入分析生物膜微环境的结构、成分、微生物群落结构的动态变化规律是揭示管网腐蚀机理和防护管网腐蚀的重要手段。本文简介了近些年在生物膜微环境分析领域迅速发展的显微镜观测技术，表面分析技术和微电极技术，分析对比多种技术的优势和不足，简要介绍其在腐蚀研究中的应用，并探讨了生物膜微环境分析技术在供水管网腐蚀问题中的研究方向。
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