Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> History of Agriculture submitted time 2023-12-29
Abstract： Based on the content of "Qi Min Yao Shu" from chapter one to nine, starting from products and technology, this article tries to reveal the southern China agricultural factors it contained, to explore ways that those factors enter into the north, in order to show the cultural exchanges and agricultural technology dissemination between Southern and Northern China that has been ignored by previous studies. Although the first nine chapter of "QiMinYaoShu" is considered to be the north book reflects agriculture of the Yellow River, the so-called "zhongguo中国" under the rule of the North Wei. But it contains many atypical factors, such as rice, fish, bamboo, orange, water shield, lotus, gravy, water chestnut, wild rice, cabbage, ginger, Yuan（杬）,Yue（越） melon, buffalo and soon. Through the ancient natural environment in north China provides some possible existence for these factors, the place name, rice techniques and fish distributions how the involvement of some factors come from the south. So the possible routes, the exchanges both personals and text,that the South factors be carried into the north, are discussed in this article.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： As an important issue in the patriotic education, the history of science and technology is highly valued by the government of the People’s Republic of China. The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) founded the Research Department on the History of Natural Sciences in 1957, which marked the institutionalization of the discipline of history of S&T and the professionalization of the historians of S&T. The scholars initiated the studies on the history of the disciplines and related issues on the basis of the compilation of historical materials. Since 1978, the discipline of history of S&T has been developing fast. The Chinese Society of the History of Science and Technology and the research units in the universities have been established while several academic journals have been launched, which accelerated the academic communication and the internationalization. Meanwhile, the historians of S&T expanded the research fields from traditional China to modern China and from China to the world. In recent years, the discipline of history of S&T in the universities has been evaluated and adjusted, which brings opportunities and challenges as well.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In 1956, Chinese State Council launched the “Long-term Program for Developping Sciences and Technology from 1956 to 1967” according to the goals identified in the Communist Party’s general policy for the transition period. The framers of the program proposed the principle of “letting tasks lead diciplines” as an effective policy model for planning science and technology. The 12-Year Program consists of 57 research tasks, among which 6 urgent projects such as the nuclear weapon, the missile, computing technology, semiconductor technology, radio electronics, and automatic and long-distance control technology were given high priority. In order to formulate and realize the program, Chinese government took full advantage of domestic institutions, such as Chinese Academy of Sciences, and also got aids from the Soviet Union. Through unremitting efforts, China made great achievements, and completed the 12-Year Program in advance. In fact, the Program helped to fulfil or reinforce very weak fields in new disciplines, fundamental and high technologies, and greatly bridged the gap in science and technology between China and the advanced countries. It really exercised a profound influence upon the Chinese science, technology, national defence, economy and society.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The Chinese contemporary science and technology system has gone through four periods, namely, the initial construction of the system, the comprehensive planning, the system reform and the construction of the state’s innovation system. While reviewing historical evidence, the study explores the changes of the guiding ideologies, the objectives and the measures of Chinese science and technology system in different periods. The research shows that a major attribute of Chinese science and technology system is that it has always facilitated the integration of science and technology into economy. On the one hand, the system has been centering on the objectives and needs of the country’s development; on the other hand, the system has been closely tracing the forefronts and trends of the world scientific and technological development. These two features constitute two major driving forces in the evolution of Chinese science and technology system.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Ancient China was a producer of inventions. The Chinese not only were the first to grow such crops as rice and tea plant, but also invented silk, porcelain, mechanical clocks, and so on. In about the eleventh century, Chinese technologies basically satisfied the demands from the pre-modern agricultural society. In the 1860s, China started to switch technology from ancient to modern, i.e. , to introduce and imitate Western technology and to construct modern industry. Before the 1930s, China developed engineering science and education. The 1950s witnessed the construction of R&D institutions and the industrial system, and the reform of the education system. In 1978, China began to implement the reform and opening-up policy which embraced the outside world. Since then, industrial upgrades have been enabled by the introduction of foreign technology, and endeavours have been made to innovate products. In the 1990s, China deemed innovation as the key to developing technology and economy. In November 2012, Chinese Communist Party Central Committee decided to implement the strategy of innovation-driven development. Facing various challenges, the Chinese should have a clinical view of technology gaps with the developed countries, and make a rational layout and required reforms to effectively enhance the innovation ability.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Since modern times, Italy-England-France-Germany-the United States have become the world scientific and technological centers. Social factors, such as economic development, ideological emancipation, education prosperity, government support, as well as the emergence period of scientific and technological achievements, have led to the formation and replacement of the world science and technology center, the five-element diamond model can be used for effective analysis. The future world science and technology center may not only be one center, but also present the trend of multi-center and accelerate the transfer to the Asia-Pacific region. It has the common characteristics of science and technology center in history, and has the new characteristics of networking, globalization and so on. The world scientific and technological innovation has entered an unprecedented period of intense activity, providing a rare “window of opportunity” for China to establish world science and technology center. The urgent task is to perfect the talent policy, construct a friendly environment for innovation, speed up the establishment of the world education center, and preempting frontier research and subversive technological innovation, realize the Chinese Dream of great rejuvenation and make greater contributions to peacefuldevelopment and sustainable prosperity of the world.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： This study introduces the origin, connotation, function, and significance of innovation culture, identifies four basic elements of innovative culture, including value concept, thinking mode, behavior standard, and institutional system. On this basis, this study systematically reviews the four innovative cultural developments of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Meanwhile, this study points out that the spirits of saving, serving, and strengthening the country through science are the value concepts of CAS. Striving to be the practitioner and inheritor into the spirit of “two bombs and one satellite” is the thinking modes of CAS. Innovating technology, cultivating talents, serving the country, and benefiting the people are the principles of conduct of CAS. Continuous innovation of the scientific and technological system is the institutional advantage of CAS. Finally, this study also looks forward into the future innovative culture construction of CAS.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Implementing Xi Jinping’s guiding ideology of “Two Mountains Theory” and realizing the win-win pattern of regional economic development and environmental protection are very important for modernization of national governance system and capacity. As an important engine of regional economic growth place, Bay Area’s economic development model can always take into account the harmonious coexistence with the ecological environment. Therefore, this research starts from the two dimensions of green economy and green environment, builds the basic path of regional green development and takes it as the analysis framework. Meanwhile, we systematically review on the green development experience of the four Bay Areas in the world combing their different characteristics. Finally, a general theoretical model is put forward of green development for the bay area economic belt under the background of winwin pattern, which can provide theoretical and practical experience for the economic and environmental construction of coastal areas, as well as for the construction of ecological civilization in China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Traditional crafts are of important livelihood value, academic value, and modern value, and they are indispensable for Chinese modernization construction, thus they should be included in the paradigm of Chinese modernization construction. Therefore, discipline construction of traditional crafts and arts is urgent issue to be researched and developed. For this purpose, Chinese Academy of Sciences started to composite and edit Complete Collection on Traditional Chinese Crafts and Arts in 1996. After 20 years effort, Part I and Part II of 20 volumes was published in 2017. As a series of literature academic monograph, this publication achieved widely social impact, they are highly credited as the infrastructure construction of the national science and culture undertaking. Nevertheless, the shortage of the publication is with a big name but less of solid content, and comparing with the techniques and crafts, social humanity perspective is rather simpler. So the revision and expansion are needed. Now, sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the revision, additional editing, and continued composition of Complete Collection on Traditional Chinese Crafts and Arts are undergoing on schedule.
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2017-04-22
Abstract：摘要：田村三郎（1917-2015），原日本东京大学农学部教授，日本学士院会员。自 1957摘要：田村三郎（1917-2015），原日本东京大学农学部教授，日本学士院会员。自 1957年以来田村便与中国科学院保持着长久的联系。1978 年以后，更与中国科学院在农业和环境领域展开了长期的合作研究，还参与了中国农业现代化的讨论。本文以田村为案例，利用档案、报刊、传记等文献资料，在回顾田村三郎与中国科学院交往与合作研究历程的同时，重点关注田村关于中国农业现代化的论述与实践，并初步探讨田村三郎与中国科学院合作成功的原因。 现代化的过程就是传统与现代、东方与西方、区域与全球的互动过程。如何用现代农业去改造传统农业，把东方智慧与西方科学有效结合，将区域的特性和全球化的挑战进行调适，是现代化进程中必须解决的问题。田村把他对中国农业现状的理解和日本农业的历史经验，运用于中国农业现代化实践之中，构成了本文所谓的“田村经验”。这些经验值得我们在处理诸如农业的全球化及其区域性和共性问题时汲取。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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