Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： China has officially established the first batch of national parks in 2021 and such construction is entering a high-speed stage. National parks of the country basically originate from existed protected areas, and face series of long-standing problems and challenges, such as over simplified administration, low community participation, and prominent contradictions between ecological conservation and social development. The Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme is the first flagship project of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for biodiversity and cultural diversity conservation, biosphere reserve is its implementation platform, which has accumulated a lot of useful experience in biodiversity conservation, sustainable development, management and governance models, and regular evaluation. This study summarizes the theories and practice of biosphere reserves related to the construction of national parks. Several suggestions are concluded for the establishment and management of national park, including strengthening the excavation, integration and utilization of cultural diversity, promoting the participation of communities, innovating governance models, establishing a mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products and brand appreciation, and formulating a comprehensive evaluation system.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Since mid-1990s, Germany has developed the UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) together with its biosphere reserves into a pathway of enhancing the nation’s role in global governance. Measures took by Germany include: clarifying the national position in the globalization of German MAB, including putting more emphasis on partnership development, highlighting the effectiveness of development assistance, and ensuring the clearance and feasibility of action plan; collecting resources from foreign affairs, finance, intellectual, technology, etc., by multi-federal sector collaborative mechanism, to support the development of biosphere reserves of other countries; thinking globally and taking priority over Africa region. The example indicated that the driving force behind the globalization of German MAB includes the flexibility on mechanism of MAB itself, and the correspondence and unification of common benefits of the nation and international community by the core mission of MAB. Based on the experience of Germany and in view of the challenge and opportunity in the area of international cooperation of China, the authors suggest Chinese government to: enhance the awareness of the advantage inherited in the brand, topic, and mechanism of MAB; incorporate MAB into the international strategy and action plan of China, and mobilize multi-sector resources especially coordinating governmental sectors of the area to collaboratively lead the globalization of China MAB with Chinese Academy of Sciences, and facilitating a full-chain support mechanism in the integration of policy makers, scientific researchers, finance suppliers, and livelihood service providers; consolidate the functions of demonstration and leadership of science and technology which have had a long term of accumulation in the development of MAB in China; further the future-oriented international cooperation between China and Germany in the area of MAB. From a long perspective, international strategy of China MAB aims on approaching global consensus favorably by ideas of ecological civilization and community of shared future for humans, and to enhance the South-South cooperation and South-North cooperation by the extensive and flexible platform of MAB, so as to make contributions to the sustainable development and other common issues in global governance. Moreover, in view of the current international situations full of huge challenges, globalization of China MAB would help to open a new window for the international cooperation of China from the enhanced effort for Europe and other regions thus further support the holistic diplomacy of China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Germany has integrated biosphere reserves into the national strategy of sustainable development, and has built an outstanding biosphere reserve system nationwide, which has played a key role in maintaining the stability of ecosystem, exploring sustainable use of natural resources, innovating social development models, prospering local economies and providing an important platform to carry out comprehensive research on human and nature relationship. The experience of Germany includes: long and solid accumulation in the development of protected areas; deep understanding from authorities and the folk of the concept of Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) and the value of biosphere reserves, and more attention to their dissemination and popularization; strong support from federal and local governments in areas of politics, legislation, scientific research and international cooperation; full reflection of the demonstration value of biosphere reserves; innovative in the nomination and periodic review of biosphere reserves. Based on Germany’s experience, suggestions to China authorities include: enhancing awareness of the public about MAB and biosphere reserves; strengthening national support and promoting the creation of the “Chinese model” in the area of biosphere reserves; incorporating biosphere reserves into the legislation of protected area system underway; establishing national norms for the nomination and periodic review; strengthening international exchanges and cooperation, and jointly creating differentiated models of biosphere reserves development, so as to help pave a way for further development of MAB, and enable to establish a community of shared future for mankind.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In 1995, the Committee on Typical Culture Collection of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) was established and renamed as the Committee on Biological Genetic Resource Banks of CAS in 2015. Under the Committee there are 12 members of bio-resource bank from 11 institutes of CAS. Bio-resources like seeds, plant tissue in vitro, human cell lines and stem cells, animal cells and tissue samples, microorganisms, microalga, and seaweeds are collected and deposited in the banks of Committee. Each year about 40000–50000 cultures were shared. The basic orientation, composition, and bio-resource scale of the Biological Genetic Resource Bank of CAS, and its supporting role in scientific research, major national needs and national economy are introduced in the paper. Based on the trend of the collection and sustainable utilization of bio-genetic resources, the key works of bio-resources are proposed.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The development and application of science and technology have always been guided by the needs of the country and the demands of the people. Science and technology poverty alleviation is a key part of poverty alleviation. According to the characteristics of poor mountainous areas in China, the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences has summed up the “poverty alleviation mode of ecological fishery” in poverty alleviation practice, which scientifically use water resources for ecological fish breeding. Reasonable construction of ecological fish communities can ensure water quality and generate income by aquaculture. It will promote the development of aquaculture industry in poor areas and help to complete the task of poverty eradication. This paper summarizes and reflects on the practice of poverty alleviation in the city Enshi of Hubei Province and Liupanshui of Guizhou Province.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： It has been 50 years since UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme was launched in 1971. China joined this global inter-governmental scientific program in 1973, and the Chinese National Committee for the UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB China) was founded in 1978, with the support of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in collaboration with other ministries engaged in the administration of environmental conservation, forestry, agriculture, education, ocean and atmosphere, and so on. Since then, MAB China has carried out diverse explorations combining the value of UNESCO-MAB and the needs of the natural reserves in China. MAB has played an important role in promoting biodiversity conservation, sustainable use of natural resources, ecological civilization of China. With the approaching of 15th Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity and the 50th anniversary of MAB, the article reviews the progress of the implementation of MAB in China, analyzes the problems and challenges, and advances proposals in regard of the rising needs of global environmental governance and construction of community of shared life by cooperation within international community.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Rapid advances in molecular basis and genetic improvement of economically important traits in fish have led to flourishing development of aquatic seed industry. Based on analyzing the origin, development, and status of fish genetic breeding in China, we mainly summarize recent progresses on complete genome sequencing, identification of molecular modules controlling complex traits including sex control, disease resistance, hypoxia tolerance, and feed efficient utilization, and breeding of a new allogynogenetic gibel carp variety supported by the Strategic Priority Program “Innovative System of Designer Breeding by Molecular Modules”. Moreover, we highlight the future perspectives in modern aquatic seed industry for intensive and ecological aquaculture.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： With over 1.3 billion people, food security is always the No. 1 issue in the governmental agenda in China, and sustainable food production requires innovation in crop breeding. This paper outlines the research effort and output of the past five years of a grand project of Chinese Academy of Sciences of the Innovation System of Designer Breeding by Molecular Modules, and provides a few examples of how to combine the cutting-edge theories and technologies of life sciences to design rice varieties and other species. The achievements demonstrate that the project has made substantial progresses in designer breeding by using molecular modules.
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2020-05-18
Abstract： As the carrier and theoretical support of life community consisting of mountain, water, forest, field, lake and grass, watershed and watershed ecology are playing an increasingly important role in the construction of national ecological civilization. The research on the interrelation of spatial structure, process, function, mechanism and regulation of watershed ecosystem and progressively variable emphasis on these contents is the research paradigm of watershed ecology. However, watershed ecology has not established its own endogenous model framework of index systems to describe spatial structure of watershed ecosystem, which is able to make a close link between the structural components of watershed ecosystem, land and water body, upstream and downstream, or terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Therefore, the researches of basin ecology are scattered in freshwater ecology, terrestrial ecosystem ecology, soil conservation, water conservancy engineering and agricultural environmental science. The core theory of watershed ecology has not been significantly developed till now. This study analyzes the bottleneck in the development of watershed ecology, reviews the research methods and achievements of quantitative characteristics of spatial structure of watershed ecosystem based on geography and landscape ecology. The progress of quantitative characteristics of spatial structure of watershed ecosystem developed using hierarchical mechanism theory and meta-ecosystem theory in the discipline of watershed ecology is also discussed. In order to provide methodology for quantifying the spatial structure of watershed ecosystem and relationships between structural components in watershed ecosystem, the overall index and indices of structural component and structural component relationships of watershed ecosystem are suggested. " "
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