Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The “selection of subject” of science and technology programs is the start of scientific research, and the quality of the selected subjects determines the quality of innovation to a large extent. Major national science and technology programs, as the core carriers of science and technology innovation activities, bear the mission of national science and technology innovation. Optimizing the organizational management of major science and technology programs is a major task for deepening the reform of the science and technology system in the new era. This study, from the perspective of realizing high-level self-reliance in science and technology, expounds the composition of national science and technology plans and major science and technology programs and models of selecting subjects for different types of major national science and technology programs, analyzes the experience of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in selecting subjects for major research projects, and shares some thoughts and suggestions such as adopting differentiated subject selection mechanisms based on the research nature of major science and technology programs, introducing a “demand check” mechanism for the subject selection of exploratory technology R&D and strategic technology R&D projects and a “three-point review” on the subject selection of strategic basic research and strategic technology R&D.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： National research institutes, as an importance part of national strategically scientific and technological strength, are facing great challenges in development and management under the new S&T revolution and increasing national strategic demands. Based on reviewing the evolution of UK public sector research establishments, this study takes in-depth analysis of the new idea and organizational model changes in recent ten years, including the mission and layout, external management, internal governance, and interdisciplinary research mechanisms of UK public sector research establishments. Further inspirations are provided for the reform of Chinese national research institutions and the establishment of new research institutes.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： National/Public Research Institutes as the national strategic scientific and technological force, play an extremely important role in solving major problems concerning the overall situation and long-term development of the country. Recently, China faces various challenges along with its ambition to achieve a significant breakthrough in core and key technologies. To better exert the important role of national research institutes such as Chinese Academy of Sciences, to address these challenges, in this study, the worldrenowned European public research institution, the Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre (IMEC), was chosen to further investigate and summarize its successful experience and implications in strategic positioning, top-level design and institutional arrangements in the core technologies breakthrough. This study further elaborates how national research institutes contribute to and promote the efficiency of the breakthrough of core technologies by pushing on the institutional design and organizational mechanism innovation, by distinctly clarifying the strategic positioning as the core platform and the strategic tasks in the key general technologies’ breakthrough. Meanwhile, it is also vital for national research institutes to construct modern and scientific management mechanism of relevant intellectual property achievements and promote the development of collaborative innovation based on deep trust.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Although public research institutes are very important for the national innovation development, the theoretical and empirical research on the institutions has been neglected for a long time. Today, under the background that the United States, Germany, and other countries rethinking the development orientation and mode of their national laboratories while the Chinese starting the construction of national laboratories, it is particularly urgent to carry out relevant theoretical research. Based on the understanding of the evolution of national scientific research institutions’ mission, it is worth of trying to construct the classification model of national scientific research institutions by using institutional logic theory, providing decision-making reference for advancing classified management of national research institutions.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Empowering Scientists to retain ownership or long-term access rights of government-funded research & development outputs (R&D outputs), is a key exploration and reform for China’s central government to promote the market mechanism’s decisive role in allocating innovation resources. As a result of the public ownership-based economic and social system, how to properly coordinate the relationship between the state, the collectives and the individuals will inevitably become the core issue in China’s reform on the ownership rights of R&D outputs. By reviewing the institutional changes and reform process on the ownership policy of government-funded R&D outputs in China, this paper clarifies the institutional implications of public ownership, institutional ownership and intellectual property rights of R&D outputs, tries to explore the reform experience and institutional rules of the ownership policy of government-funded R&D outputs, and calls for a conceptual consensus to promote the future ownership policy reform on government#2;funded R&D outputs.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China more than 70 years ago, China’s science and technology development has gained great achievements. However, some deep-rooted problems still pose serious impediments for China to build itself into a world power of science and technology in the next 30 years. It is a must for us to explore the root causes of these problems and find the solution. Through the analysis of the historical context of the “Needham Puzzle” and “Qian Xuesen’s Question”, as well as the philosophical origin of the bottleneck of China’s science and technology development, this study proposed that “poverty of philosophy” is probably the root cause of the problem hindering S&T development in China. This study analyzed the influence of philosophy on science and technology, and further proved that “poverty of philosophy” is one of the root causes for China’s inability to establish an independent scientific system, to train distinguished scientists, to accomplish original innovation, and to build a healthy academic ecology. By analogy with famous Mencius statement: “To cure a disease lasting for seven years, one must seek mugwort stored for three years”, this study proposed that the cultivation of philosophy is the “mugwort stored for thirty years” to boost China’s endeavor for a world power of science and technology. Moreover, we suggested that the government should implement the cultivation of philosophy as one of national strategies. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of philosophy while deepening the reform of science and technology system in a more mature and systematic way, so as to lay a realistic and long-term foundation for China’s endeavor for a world power of science and technology.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In the institute evaluation of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the international evaluation was started in 2004 and officially carried out in 2012. International evaluation has become an important means in the expert diagnostic evaluation on “One-Three-Five”. Since 2016, the international evaluation has been extended to the research evaluation of CAS Centers for Excellence. This study reviews the development of international evaluation of institute evaluation of CAS, and introduces and discusses the important processes and the main impact of international evaluation. Finally, three key issues of international evaluation are discussed and the future development prospects are put forward.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Techno-economic security evaluation (TESE) is a new multi-disciplinary direction, which is designated to systematically evaluate the risks of technical factors and their impact on economic security from the perspective of ensuring economic security, and provide decision-making support for ensuring the safety development of national science and technology and economy. This study analyzes the key issues such as the concept of techno-economic security, the main problems that should be resolved in TESE, and the evaluation methods of TESE. Suggestions for how to optimize the TESE are offered in terms of continuing to carry out basic theoretical and method research, strengthening the construction of the talent team, and promoting the close integration of TESE with decisionmaking needs.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The scientific governance is the most important to S&T because of its dual nature for societies. The concept and method of governance has been adapted to strengthen the management of the S&T systematically, which is the scientific choice of national economic and social development. As the one of the significant breakthroughs to innovation, disruptive technology is the strategic opportunity to build China into a world science and technology power. With the potential, dramatic, and systematic impact, disruptive technology could reshape the rules and structures. For disruptive technological innovation, it is urgent to introduce the forward-looking governance notion to master its great impact in advance, and promote its development and application actively and scientifically. In order to promote the disruptive technology development and predict and reduce its risks, this study constructs a forward-looking governance system of disruptive technology innovation, discusses the basic characteristics of the system, establishes the core research framework, and provides the suggestions on the main governance process.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Major original innovation needs to rely on interdisciplinary and deep pioneering research to expand the boundaries of human knowledge. National Research Institutes, as an important national strategic scientific and technological force, bear responsibility and national mission in accelerating the creation of original innovation source, accelerating the breakthrough of key core technologies, and striving to seize the commanding heights of science and technology.In this study, through in-depth analysis of the forwardlooking strategic positioning, clear top-level design, and efficient research mechanism and organization mode in the New Generation Lithography system breakthrough project, which was organized by the National Laboratory of the United States in the 1990s, we further provide insights for the national strategic scientific and technological force to efficiently promote the major original innovation in China, and to facilitate the major original innovation integration breakthrough of new scientific discovery, new technological trajectory and new industrial direction at the strategic frontier.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Life is an open information system that is self-replicating, adaptive, and self-organizing. The collection, processing, storage, integration, and analysis of biological information based on modern information technology (IT) propel life science research into the Fourth Paradigm of “Data-Intensive Scientific Discovery”, which definitely will make biotechnology (BT) toward a quantitative, computable, controllable, and predictable direction. Meanwhile, from the expression and regulation of genes to the information exchange and processing of neurons, information processing in organisms has infinitely inspired the development of information technology. From this perspective, the convergent development approach of BT and IT has its own essences in discipline connotation, laws of engineering development, demands of our time and society, and has brought about the ever-changing research paradigm, the ever-increasing innovation and breakthrough, and the increasingly extensive application scenarios. So in this way, it is of great significance to seize the commanding heights of both technology and industry competition.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： “Convergence Science” is a new paradigm of scientific research based on multi-disciplinary integration to solve grand problems, which is considered as a new opportunity for human beings to address major economic and social problems. Promoting “Convergence Science” means the fundamental change of scientific research ecology, one of the most basic aspects is the open sharing of data. Based on the basic characteristics of “Convergence Science” as a new paradigm of scientific research, this study puts forward new requirements of “Convergence Science” in terms of basic data, such as the whole disciplines, the whole processes and the full panorama, and then introduces the successful practice of open data supporting “Convergence Science”. Finally, it looks forward to the future prospect of promoting “Convergence Science” with “open data”.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2018-10-19 Cooperative journals: 《智库理论与实践》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] At present, the construction of science and technology think tanks in my country generally has problems of vague positioning and "repository" is more important than "wisdom". Under the new decision-making background, finding "position" and improving "wisdom" are the primary tasks of current science and technology think tank construction. . [Method/process] To this end, based on knowledge, this paper constructs a multi-level picture of science and technology think tank construction: the picture of attributes and boundary relations at the macro level, the picture of the research system and functional structure at the micro level, the type model and the model at the meso level. To organize the evolutionary picture, we hope to be able to "position" with "picture" and "wisdom" with "knowledge". [Result/conclusion] The science and technology think tanks are positioned according to the "map" from multiple dimensions, and it is clarified that the science and technology think tanks can improve the knowledge of "wisdom" - enhance the quantity of "wisdom" - highlight the "wisdom" of "knowledge" The "wise" path has led to some new understandings: (1) It is believed that the two-way interaction between knowledge and decision-making is the essential feature that distinguishes science and technology think tanks from other think tanks, and the interaction between science and technology think tanks and other think tanks is divided into strong connection and Weak connection type, it is proposed that science and technology think tanks are the most basic, dynamic and cutting-edge forces in the think tank system; (2) The soul status of core science in science and technology think tanks and the feedback role of science and technology think tanks on core science are clarified, and it is proposed that science and technology think tanks should Go beyond the current "science and technology consulting" model, and expand to post-conventional scientific issues and strategies with high uncertainty and decision-making risks; (3) Based on the knowledge system structure and field span, the science and technology think tanks are divided into comprehensive, professional, consulting, There are 4 types of platform type, and on the basis of system integration, the organizational evolution picture of science and technology think tanks is constructed, and the construction path of science and technology think tanks and the construction direction of first-class science and technology think tanks are basically clarified. We hope to provide some possible targets and references for the construction of individual science and technology think tanks and the macro management of national science and technology think tanks, and contribute to the diversified, systematic and orderly development of science and technology think tanks in theory and practice.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2017-07-13 Cooperative journals: 《智库理论与实践》
Abstract：[目的 /意义]战略高技术是国家经济社会发展的重要驱动力,是国家科技创新能力的综合体现。辨识战略高技术发展方向,培育和发展战略性新兴产业,对促进新经济、壮大新动能、抢占制高点都具有重要意义。[方法 /过程]在中国科学院组织的至2050年科技发展路线图战略研究基础上,利用专家研判和文献情报分析相结合的方式,选择信息、生物和医药、新材料、先进制造、先进能源、生态环境、空间、海洋、现代农业、资源等10个战略高技术领域,组织100多位专家开展发展态势研究,形成的研究报告又以专家研讨会的方式广泛征求了意见。[结果 /结论 ]本文阐释了世界战略高技术发展的总体趋势和10个领域的发展趋势。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2017-02-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：科技评价是科学共同体内部自治的一项基本制度，是衡量科技创新活动及其主体水平和价值的主要依据，也是新时期我国科技体制改革的突破口。为加强战略性先导科技专项（简称“先导专项”）管理，推动重大成果产出，2013年5月，中科院明确由发展规划局（简称“规划局”）负责先导专项的中期检查和结题验收，同时支撑院学术委员会做好先导专项立项咨询评议。规划局组织开展的上述科技评价工作，为中科院党组对先导专项的科学部署及动态调整提供了重要参考和决策支撑。
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