Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) aims to ensure the survival of endangered wildlife species from the threat of international trade, and is one of the powerful international conventions in the field of wildlife conservation. As an important part of the party’s compliance body, scientific authority (SA) is responsible for ensuring the international wildlife trade to meet the requirements of sustainability, legality and traceability. The mandate of SA is involved into many aspects, like starting up the scientific research program for obtaining the basic information on wildlife species, providing the scientific advice for import and export trade of wild animal and plant species, attending the CITES Conference of Parties on behalf of China, and promoting the popularization of science for enhancing the public awareness of wildlife conservation. As China’s CITES SA, since its establishment, the Endangered Species Scientific Commission (ESSC) has made a series of important achievements, which have been highly praised at home and abroad, based on the research capability of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the hard work of scientists and the close cooperation with relevant departments and institutions. Nevertheless, for fulfilling the obligation of CITES scientifically, ESSC needs to overcome a series of challenges by strengthening the research capacity building, promoting the multidisciplinary teamwork, developing the international cooperation, building expert think tanks, and constructing the wildlife information platform, so as to make greater contributions to the global wildlife conservation.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Promoting the deep integration of Party building and scientific research endeavors in research institutes is an important measure to strengthen the Party’s overall leadership over the development of science and technology, implement the requirement of full and strict governance of the Party, improve the effectiveness of Party building in research institutes, and advance the modernization of the governance system and capacity of research institutes. This study adopts the perspective of innovation management and discusses the theoretical basis for promoting the deep integration of Party building and scientific research endeavors in research institutes. On the basis of studying and reviewing the important speeches and statements of General Secretary Xi Jinping on promoting the integration of Party building and scientific research endeavors in research institutes since the 18th CPC National Congress, this paper presents the summaries and analyses on the practices and achievements of promoting the integration of Party building and scientific research in research institutes in recent years, and also presents understandings and reflections from the aspects of strengthening primary-level Party organizations and Party building personnel in research institutes, advancing the modernization of governance capacity for scientific and technological innovation, improving the Party’s organizational structures when addressing major scientific and technological tasks and strengthening institutionalized basic research, upholding the spirit of scientists and improving the styles and standards of work and study, etc.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Strengthening the research in biology aimed at national strategic needs and major scientific frontier issues is conducive to giving full play to the strategic supporting role of biological research for national economic development and the promotion of international competitiveness. This article combs the basic characteristics and development trend of biology, summarizes the practical experience of international biological research funding, and analyzes the outstanding problems in biological research in China, such as incomplete layout, lack of sustainable and stable support, and insufficient funding for top talents and teams. By referring to the international practical experience, it puts forward policy suggestions to improve the layout of biological research field, strengthen the level of biological research funding, build a biology talent base, strengthen the funding support for basic research talents, and establish a diversified scientific research evaluation and assessment mechanism.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Biosafety is an essential part of the national security system, which is related to people’s lives and health, the country’s long#2;term stability, and sustainable development, which is the bottom line that must be guaranteed. The international biosafety situation is grim and complex, while domestic biosafety faces challenges. Therefore, biosafety capacity building has become an international hot spot, among which scientific and technological innovation, talent training, and infrastructure platform construction are the top priorities. Although China has achieved strategic results in the rapid identification of pathogens, research, and development of specific vaccines and medicine in fighting against COVID-19 by relying on scientific research, it has shown the urgency for scientific and technological innovation in biosafety. Therefore, China has developed a strategic plan on“promoting the modernization of the national security system and capabilities, resolutely safeguarding national security and social stability” included in the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Hence, it is suggested to promote biosafety capacity building further to improve China’s biosecurity system, protect people’s health, ensure national security, and maintain long-term peace and stability by improving the layout of scientific and technological frontiers, promoting the construction of biosafety discipline, training of more special talents, and infrastructure platform construction.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Biodiversity is key to the foundation and development of human society. Biodiversity monitoring and research provide essential scientific support for the national development of ecological civilization and for building a beautiful China. To monitor the dynamic distribution of important species in typical ecoregions of China, Chinese Biodiversity Observation Network (Sino BON) was founded in 2013 under the supports of 19 institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the sponsorship of the 12th and 13th Five-Year Plans. Covering 30 main sites and 60 affiliated sites all over China, Sino BON includes 10 subnetworks specialized at monitoring different groups of species including animals, plants, and microbes and one network management center. Currently, Sino BON has established a crosscutting research platform for biodiversity science based on forest dynamics plots, combining near-surface remote sensing, satellite tracking, and molecular biology techniques. Considerable advances have been achieved in the construction and research on forest dynamics plots, observation network of big-sized animals, migration of birds using satellite tracking systems, etc. Future work will optimize the spatial distribution of sites as well as monitoring subjects employing man-made ground observations and automatic data logging systems at the main and affiliated sites. More efforts will also be paid to synergize domestic and international research on the interactions between multi-species and multi-nutrient levels in order for Sino BON to play a leading role in biodiversity monitoring and research in China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In 1995, the Committee on Typical Culture Collection of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) was established and renamed as the Committee on Biological Genetic Resource Banks of CAS in 2015. Under the Committee there are 12 members of bio-resource bank from 11 institutes of CAS. Bio-resources like seeds, plant tissue in vitro, human cell lines and stem cells, animal cells and tissue samples, microorganisms, microalga, and seaweeds are collected and deposited in the banks of Committee. Each year about 40000–50000 cultures were shared. The basic orientation, composition, and bio-resource scale of the Biological Genetic Resource Bank of CAS, and its supporting role in scientific research, major national needs and national economy are introduced in the paper. Based on the trend of the collection and sustainable utilization of bio-genetic resources, the key works of bio-resources are proposed.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： With the increasing impact of global environmental change and human activities on biodiversity, human beings will face significant needs in the areas of biodiversity awareness, conservation and sustainable use, and national biosafety. The Biological Collections of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) include the Biological Collections/Museums belonging to 18 scientific research institutes of CAS. It is the main place for preservation, research, and scientific education of animal, plant, fungus, and fossil specimens in China. Among them, there are two institutes who are leading the National Animal Collection and the National Herbarium, respectively, which are listed into the National Science and Technology Infrastructure of China. The collection reserve, management, and utilization of specimens in the Biological Collections of CAS represent the overall level of strategic biological resources in China. It plays an irreplaceable role in the protection and sustainable utilization of national biological resources and plays an important supporting and ensuring role in national biological safety. Based on a comprehensive analysis of its overall status, the basic orientation, composition and layout characteristics of the Biological Collections of CAS, the scale, composition and characteristics of the specimen collection, and comparison with those of the developed countries were expounded in the present paper. The authors also systematically summarized achievements of CAS relied on Biological Collections in the fields of strategic biological resources collection and preservation, classical taxonomic research, Fauna and Flora compilation, specimen information digitization, science popularization, and so on, and expounded their supporting role in frontier scientific research, major national needs, and national economy. In addition, the key problems about collecting, preserving, researching, and sustainable utilizing biological specimen resources, information and data sharing, as well as the “bottleneck” problems restricting the operation and development of Biological Collections were analyzed, and a specific ideas for the construction of the National Biological Collection, the outlook of the plan for collecting biological specimens resources and operation mode of Biological Collections in the future were proposed.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Food security situation has changed in new era, which challenges the traditional food security theory. Food security index is constructed in this paper including five dimensions of quality security, quantity security, ecological security, economic security, and resource and environmental security to match the new concept and goal of food security in new era. Meanwhile, 14 indicators are selected to evaluate the evolution and current situation of China’s food security. The result shows that China has paid more attention to food quality security and economic security, but less attention to quality safety, ecological safety, and resource and environmental safety. Finally, suggestions are put forward to ensure China’s food security with the development of macro strategies, such as rural revitalization, healthy China, and supply-side reform.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The poverty alleviation for women not only affects women’s own development, but also plays an important role in cutting off the intergenerational transmission of poverty. It is the key to winning the fight against poverty and has been highly valued by the central government. This paper discusses the definition, characteristics, and causes of female poverty. This paper also analyzes the practice and existing problems of China’s poverty alleviation policies for women, draws on the policy experiences of women’s poverty alleviation in Mexico, the United States, and the European Union, and proposes suggestions on China’s poverty alleviation policies for women: implementing workfare programs for poor women; increasing long-term training and education; developing socialized child care services.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Biotechnology is changing greatly over recent years, providing huge benefits to human society. However, the ethics, safety, and negative externalities of biotechnology have become increasingly prominent. Currently, biotechnology is still in the early stage of development, and full of high uncertainty. Technological changes in this field have the characteristics of stronger of ethical challenges, and ethical governance reforms. China should take this opportunity to promote the high-quality development of biotechnology on the one hand, and on the other hand, adopt a multi-pronged approach to achieve comprehensive, flexible, and sustainable governance of ethical issues by conducting forward-looking ethical risk research and judgment, improving regulatory system, encouraging the participation of multiple stakeholders, and taking part in global governance, etc.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In 2020, China has historically eliminated absolute poverty. While improving the well-being of the people, it has also accumulated valuable experience in poverty governance. Standing at a new historical starting point, it is necessary to analysis the practice of poverty alleviation in China, and at the same time review the multi-dimensional social changes in the poverty-stricken rural areas of our country. In order to tap the important experience in the practice of poverty alleviation in China, this study first combs the evolution characteristics of China’s poverty alleviation policies from both horizontal and vertical levels, quantitatively analyzes poverty alleviation policies from two aspects of policy density and policy intensity, and calculates the cumulative effectiveness of China’s poverty alleviation policies. Finally, selecting a number of indicators that can be measure the multi-dimensional changes in rural society to analyze the correlation between the multi-dimensional changes in rural society and the cumulative effectiveness of poverty alleviation policies. The study found that the cumulative effectiveness of poverty alleviation policies has a significant negative correlation with the incidence of poverty in rural areas, and a significant positive correlation with infrastructure construction conditions, the level of social public services, and the living standards of residents in poor rural areas.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Biological specimens are important materials in the field of biological research and non-renewable strategic biological resources. The specimen collection of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is the center of conservation, research, and scientific education. It plays an irreplaceable role in the research and protection of biodiversity in China. Biological specimens can provide important information in three dimensions: species, space, and time. The use of different levels of such information supports the research areas of species cognition, biodiversity cataloging, protection and management of endangered species, prevention and control of alien invasion, biodiversity monitoring, and species distribution pattern and biodiversity change. Biological specimens have great potential for biodiversity research and conservation. In the future, the construction and management of specimen resources need to be committed to more comprehensive collection, strengthen the acquisition of in-depth information and the construction of data integration platform, so as to better contribute to the construction of ecological civilization and biodiversity conservation in China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： There have been rapid progresses in biodiversity science of China in recent two decades. These progresses have been achieved in six key respects: species catalogue, origination and evolution of biodiversity, biodiversity maintenance and its relationships with ecosystem functioning and services, threats to biodiversity and biodiversity’s responses to global change, biodiversity and ecological security, and construction of research platforms. However, we still lack theoretical breakthrough in biodiversity science. For further progresses, we propose to: (1) translate basic biodiversity research into biodiversity conservation for sustainable utilization; (2) strengthen application of advanced technologies, including high-throughput sequencing, genomics, and remote sensing; and (3) strengthen and expand international collaborations.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： After nearly 30 years of development, China has basically realized the comprehensive conservation of biodiversity. Biodiversity conservation has been upgraded to a national strategy and incorporated into the top-level design, with laws and regulations gradually being improved and major scientific breakthroughs continuously being achieved. Through the implementation of major biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration projects, establishment of protected area system, and delineation of ecological red line, important ecosystems and endangered species have been effectively protected, and social participation and public awareness have been significantly improved. In addition, by signing a number of biodiversity-related international conventions and agreements and proposing the “Belt and Road Initiative International Green Development Coalition”, China has transformed from an important participant to an active contributor of international agreements. However, there are still problems to be solved and areas for further improvement in biodiversity conservation, such as pursuing quantitative targets while ignoring ecosystem structure and connectivity, insufficient conservation input on marine ecosystem, single source conservation funding mechanism, and non-uniform monitoring data which cannot be effectively integrated and analyzed. In the future, conservation strategies should focus on strengthening top#2;level design; promoting the synergy between conventions; integrating biodiversity conservation into the territorial and spatial planning, and pollution control; improving quality instead of pursuing quantitative targets; reinforcing marine biodiversity conservation, the construction of wild animal genetic resources bank and field stations, and the research in invasive species and wildlife infectious diseases; and building a big data platform to facilitate the sharing and data mining of biodiversity information. These Chinese wisdom and solutions will contribute to the construction of global ecological civilization.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Women’s poverty alleviation is an indispensable part of poverty alleviation, and it plays a vital role in blocking the intergenerational transmission of poverty, improving women’s well-being, and building a harmonious and happy family. 2020 is the key node for poverty alleviation to rejuvenation in poverty-stricken areas across the country. In this context, it is of great significance to in-depth study of women’s poverty alleviation in the new era. This article first points out the 4 problems that women face in poverty alleviation: gender bias in the countryside, the digital divide, the absence of non-governmental organizations, and the lack of gender awareness in poverty alleviation practices. Next, it introduces the theoretical foundation, international women’s poverty alleviation experience and typical scenarios of Chinese women’s poverty alleviation. On the basis of these, four suggestions are put forward: one is to internalize gender equality as a rural social code of conduct; the second is to increase training to eliminate the digital divide; the third is to increase the level of socialization of family labor; the fourth is to build an inclusive, flexible and sustainable mechanism for women’s poverty alleviation. We hope this paper could provide a reference for women’s poverty alleviation in the future.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In December 2019, COVID-19 appeared and started transmission in local population in Wuhan, Hubei Province. We analyzed the spread process of COVID-19 and found that imported number of passengers from Wuhan before the city closure is the main threat to other cities in China, whereas later on local transmission in those cities gradually become the main force of virus transmission. Based on SEIR model, we found that the basic reproductive number R0 for Wuhan is much higher than that of Beijing. When pandemic control measures (traffic control, holiday extension, 14-day-long quarantine, etc.) are taken into account, the R0 dropped substantially. China’s progressive pandemic control policy ensures the situation under control, and the timely situation reporting and data sharing greatly contribute to the whole world fighting against this novel coronavirus.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Biodiversity is not only important strategic resource, but also the safeguard to the ecological security and success of the development of ecological civilization. Gathering “big data” of biological sciences at different levels, the in-depth data mining and novel discoveries stemmed from cross disciplines will switch life sciences to the new data-intensive science paradigm, and eventually leads to the change of the way how life system should be understood, and how biodiversity resources should be utilized sustainably. Therefore, to establish an infrastructure for the big biodiversity data in China is urgently needed. This infrastructure incorporates big biodiversity data from both macro and micro scales, and integrates data services and data mining system. It incorporates in-depth data mining tools, simulation models, standards for compiling and sharing data of biodiversity and ecosystems. In this system, the big data from palaeontology and genomics, diversity of species and ecosystems are well integrated. The datasets from geography, climatology, remote sensing, environmental and social sciences, and economics are also included as a comprehensive visualized big data platform being available to the public. It could be used to promote sound decision making for biodiversity conservation and ecological security in China. These services will also contribute greatly to the advancement of biodiversity science, the industrial innovation and development, providing fundamental information for fulfilling the national obligations in implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity, the prevention and control of invasive alien species and the monitoring of international trade of wildlife, and so on.
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2017-02-09 Cooperative journals: 《生态学报》
Abstract：近50年来，气候变化加剧、全球变暖明显、陆地表面趋向干旱，与此同时，森林病虫灾害损失不断增加，两者关系密切。以江西省为研究区域，采集1961-2010年气温、湿度、日照等气候要素及1992-2010年森林病虫灾害发生面积、程度数据，获知研究区过去50年年均气温、冬季均温都在以0.16℃/10a、0.27℃/10a速率在上升，而年均相对湿度则以-0.45%/10a的速率在下降，显示其气候变暖、干旱化趋势显著。同时，其森林病虫灾害面积则以58125hm2/10a速率扩增。研究以相关分析、主成分分析法对所选24个气候要素降维、筛选，以逐步回归法构建模型，以小波分析研究区内时空变化等分析两者关系。得到16（与病害发生）或17（与病虫害与虫害发生）个显著相关气候要素，最大正相关要素为夏季均温滑动均值等，而最大负相关要素三者均为温湿系数滑动均值（温湿系数=年均相对湿度/年均温）；获得4或5个主成分，而代表温度或温湿度联合变量特征主成分贡献率最高（病虫害、虫害：41.43%，病害：42%）；建立3个以森林病虫灾害为纵轴、温湿系数滑动均值作横轴且具预测能力的最优回归模型（Y病虫害=3.582×106-7.750×105 X、Y虫害=-6.375×105X+2.95×106与Y病害=-1.375×105X+6.321×105），其线性拟合度分别为77.9%、79.1%与56.7%，平均预测准确率分别为66.2%、68.6%、47.9%，而研究区温湿系数滑动均值过去50年在显著下降，并在1993年后转向负距平。这说明气候变暖与环境干旱化对区内森林病虫灾害发生具驱动作用，促使其发生加重，尤其在进入20世纪90年代后表现更烈。得知温湿系数滑动均值具29a周期变化，若以1993年为起始，不考虑非气候要素作用，则其病虫害加重态势将持续到2022年。在空间上，过去50年赣南温湿系数滑动均值最低，预判其森林病虫灾害将较其他区域发生更重，而赣东、北温湿系数滑动均值倾向率最高，预判其森林病虫灾害发生的变动性可能更大。以上结果说明，气候变暖与环境干旱加重江西省森林病虫灾害，赣南应为重点防治工作区域，要加强赣东、北的监测预警工作。
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