Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-02-23
Abstract： Social life’s synchronized movement in the secular world is a cross-cultural phenomenon. It has the same pro-social function as the collective ritual synchronized movement. In establishing social bonding and improving mental health, synchronized movements in social life can replace, to some extent, the collective ritual. In addition, it plays a psychologically protective role for individuals and groups. From the angle of the movement phase, consciousness level, and coordination mode, synchronized movements in social life can be divided into five types. There are similarities and differences between movement types and social response factors, including mental health and its psychological and physiological mechanisms. Future research should reveal the substitution and compensation of social life synchronized movement for collective ritual synchronized movement. The influence of factors such as consciousness level and phase of movement on the synchrony effect should be investigated. Furthermore, attention should be given to the function and mechanisms of different synchronized movement types.
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2022-07-20
Abstract：
The economy of action argues that individuals’ perceptions of the physical environment are related to the resources they possess. Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often associated with threat or risk, that can be viewed as a manifestation of inadequate coping resources. Therefore, anxiety may affect individuals’ perceptions of the physical environment around them. Previous studies have shown that exercise influence perceptual judgments mostly based on vision-based perceptual indicators, and rarely involved stress anxiety and trait anxiety that are more common in the field of life. However, this study employed weight-based perception indicators rather than vision-based indicators to investigate the effects of two kinds of state anxiety in daily life with different mechanisms and the more stable trait anxiety on the perception of object weight, and proposed the following research hypothesis: individuals perceived objects as heavier in state or trait anxiety.
In the present work, we conducted three studies to systematically investigate the effects of three types of anxiety with different attributes on the perception of weight: body posture-induced anxiety (Experiment 1), external task-induced anxiety (Experiment 2), and trait anxiety, which is stable at the personality level (Experiment 3).Participants in both Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 were asked to report their anxiety before and after the experimental task was manipulated and to judge the weight of the backpack they carried. In Experiment 1, 64 participants were randomly assigned to the anxious body posture group (n=32) and the relaxed body posture group (n=32) by being asked to do different body postures. In Experiment 2, 65 participants were randomly assigned to either the mental arithmetic task group (n=33) or the odd-even task group (n=32). In Experiment 3, based on the scores of the Trait Anxiety Inventory (T-AI) Scale, high and low scorers were selected to constitute a high-level trait anxiety group (n=64) and a low-level trait anxiety group (n=64), and were asked to perceive the post-test weight of the three backpacks.
The results of three experiments showed that the influence of anxiety on weight perception. In Experiment 1, we found that the anxious body posture induced anxiety, and participants in the anxious body posture group perceived the weight of the object as heavier than those in the relaxed body posture group. The results of Experiment 2 revealed that the stressful mental arithmetic task induced anxiety, and participants in the mental arithmetic task group perceived the weight of the object as heavier than those in the odd-even judgment task group. The results of Experiment 3 indicated that participants in the high-level trait anxiety group perceived the weight of the object as heavier than those in the low-level trait anxiety group.
The results of the three experiments suggest that either the state anxiety induced by physical changes or cognitive evaluations, or the more stable trait anxiety at the personality level, affects individuals’ perceptions of physical properties of objects, leading them to perceive objects as heavier. This study extends the indicator of perception from the visual to the weight domain at the theoretical level, validates and extends the economy of action theory again; the revealed features of weight perception of anxious individuals provide a new physical perspective for anxiety intervention, and such findings can be applied to the design of human-computer interfaces in the future, which is of great practical significance.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2022-06-22
Abstract：
Working memory is an important system to store and deal with a mass of information. On account of the limitation of working memory capacity, several memory strategies of memory are usually adopted to satisfy the needs of overloaded information processing. Chunking is one of the most effective memory strategies, and it is a matter of great concern about working memory.
Although previous researches have confirmed that chunking can increase the capacity of working memory, there are debates on the concept of chunking, the relationship between the structure of chunking and development of age, chunking capacity, and its works mechanism. In this case, it is still worth studying about these questions.
First of all, the function of chunking in short-term memory were supposed to be storage only. Based on working memory, however, chunking was also responsible for the information processing. Secondly, chunking involved three kinds of hierarchical organizations according to its complexity, which was corresponding to various age stages. At present, few research focus on the characteristics of chunking in children and teenagers. The evidence of transition point between the second and third level was not clearly enough. Thirdly, the most popular theories of chunking were chunking theory, templates theory and embedded-processes model. The remarkable difference among these theories was the amount of chunks in working memory which was influenced by the structure of chunking and the way it works. In the future, it is worth to focus on the role of long-term memory during chunking in working memory, the features of chunks at the stages of ages, and develop the advantage of the principle of "less is more".
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2021-08-17
Abstract： " Perceived control is an important psychological resource for human beings when faced with various natural disasters and social and cultural pressures. As a main component of culture, rituals are an important factor in helping people acquire and enhance their perceived control. Guozhuang worship is an essential part of life for the Pumi people, an ethnic group living in southwest China. Guozhuang is a rectangular piece of white stone in front of the huotang in Pumi family, and it is regarded as the incarnation of ancestors of Pumi people. In Guozhuang worship, Pumi people call the names of their ancestors and invite them to enjoy a tribute. To explore the influence of ritual on perceived control, this study examined the ritual of worshiping Guozhuang among the Pumi people and explored the influence of rituals on perceived control as well as the mediating role of positive emotions from two aspects, namely, ritual action and the symbolic meaning of the ritual. This study conducted three experiments. In Experiment 1, we examined 73 Pumi adolescents and used the recall task to ask participants to describe their experience of worshiping Guozhuang. The results revealed that the perceived control in the high-involvement group was significantly higher than that in the low-involvement group. In Experiment 2, we created a novel ritual to manipulate ritual action and symbolic meaning and conducted a 2 (ritual action: action for ancestor worship vs. no action for ancestor worship) x 3 (symbolic meaning: gratitude vs. blessing vs. no meaning expression) behavior experiment with 105 Pumi adolescents and discussed the mediating role of positive emotions. We found that performing ritual actions could directly enhance Pumi adolescents’ perceived control, while the meaning of prayer could only enhance perceived control through the full mediation of positive emotions. In Experiment 3, middle-aged and elderly Pumi people were given a recall task to initiate the experience of worshiping Guozhuang. The results revealed that the perceived control in the high-involvement group was significantly higher than that in the low-involvement group. Further analysis indicated that when middle-aged and elderly people expressed their gratitude to their ancestors in worshiping Guozhuang they could affect their perceived control through the full mediation of positive emotions. This study concluded that there is a dual-path way mechanism in the influence of ritual actions and symbolic meaning on peoples’ perceived control. Ritual actions directly enhance perceived control, while symbolic meaning enhances perceived control through the full mediation of positive emotions. The influence that the subjects of the ritual and the symbolic meanings of the ritual that the positive emotion plays have on the perceived control varies depending on the experience of ritual practitioners: adolescents tend to express blessings, while middle-aged and older adults tend to express gratitude. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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