Subjects: Geosciences >> Geology submitted time 2023-09-27 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：覆盖会影响尾矿水、热分布，研究植物纤维毯覆盖对尾矿砂水热分布的影响，对微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀（Microbial induced calcite precipitation，MICP）技术控制尾矿污染扩散过程中调控水热条件具有实际意义。于2022年夏季在中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所莫索湾沙漠研究站，布设基于不同材料（黄麻、稻草、椰丝和棕榈）、不同规格（300 gm-2、500 gm-2、700 gm-2和900 gm-2）的植物纤维毯覆盖于尾矿砂的田间模拟试验，通过测定尾矿砂温度、含水率与蒸发量变化，探究植物纤维毯覆盖对尾矿砂水热分布的影响。结果表明：（1） 植物纤维毯覆盖能降低0~20 cm尾矿砂温度、减小日温差及日变化幅度，其中900 gm-2的稻草纤维毯（D9）降温作用最强，日变化幅度最小。（2） 植物纤维毯覆盖能改善0~30 cm尾矿砂的保水性，减少水分蒸发损失。（3） 植物纤维毯覆盖能抑制尾矿砂水分蒸发，试验结束时，相同规格下累积蒸发抑制效率除D9略大于900 gm-2的黄麻纤维毯（H9）外，均表现为：黄麻>稻草>棕榈>椰丝，且均随规格增大而增大，其中D9抑制蒸发效率高达71.3%。（4） 植物纤维毯覆盖干旱区尾矿砂的最佳节水降温方案为D9。综上所述，植物纤维毯覆盖能有效节水降温，研究结果可为干旱区应用MICP技术控制尾矿污染扩散过程中调控水热条件提供理论支撑。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Land degradation and desertification are the serious ecological problems and challenges to achieve global sustainable development goals. The Chinese government proposes to integrate the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt with the environmental improvement of the Central Asia, to build an intimate community of shared destiny between China and the Central Asia countries, and to promote the green and sustainable development of the Silk Road Economic Belt. However, the ecological crisis in the Aral Sea causes a significant shrinking in water body, loss of biodiversity, salinization, desertification, and salt dust storm, which have become major environmental problems encountered in the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt in the Central Asia. On the basis of sorting out the problems of land degradation and desertification caused by the ecological crisis in the Aral Sea,this study scientifically analyzed the development trend and causes of desertification and salinization land in the Aral Sea region in the past 30 years, discussed the spatial differences of vegetation stability and its carrying capacity in the Amu Darya Basin and the Aral Sea region, and put forward the directions, strategies, key technologies and innovative modes of ecological restoration for the desertification and salinized land. Solving the ecological crisis and desertification in the Aral Sea is one of the key points in the construction of the Green Silk Road, and also an important embodiment of building a community of shared future for mankind and practicing the global values of ecological civilization.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Highways and railways are important infrastructures of land transportation. The blown-sand hazard control of traffic arteries in sandy areas has always been one important issue in the national economy and society. In view of the characteristics of aeolian environment and the demand for safe operation of traffic arteries, China has carried out a large number of sand hazard control experiment and practices mainly on technology innovation of materials, measures, comprehensive system, maintenance, summed up four configuration patterns of sand control system, and created some patterns of sand hazard control technology for desert traffic arteries in different aeolian environments with Chinese characteristics, the patterns have been applied successfully in the Baotou-Lanzhou Railway, Qinghai-Tibet Railway, Tarim Desert Highway and Open Channel in Gurbantunggut Desert. China’s achievements in the sand hazard control for land transportation arteries have a broad application prospect in sandy areas in the world, especially in the countries along the Belt and Road.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In this study, we systematically researched and comprehensively analyzed dominant plants in typical deserts in China, including Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin, Horqin Sandy land, and Hunshandak Sandy land, and revealed the characteristics of stress adaptation and stable restoration of dominant vegetation, and proposed the sustainable management technology of vegetation. The results are shown as the followings. (1) Desert plant roots remain connected to underground diving or soil capillary water. It is of great significance to maintain reasonable ecological water use and stable groundwater table for the restoration and conservation of dominant woody plants in these regions. (2) The shallow soil water formed by groundwater, snowmelt, and rainfall is the main water source of Haloxylon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.). It is of great significance for the restoration and conservation of H. ammodendron to make full use of the natural law of seasonal change of precipitation and the renewal of H. ammodendron to form scientific and reasonable planting technical measures. (3) Closure protection plays an important role in the stable restoration of dominant vegetation in desert (sandy land). The results can provide scientific basis and technical supports for the restoration and optimal management of dominant vegetation in the oasis-desert transition zone in arid region.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The connotation of “sand industry” is to utilize the desert resources in the process of prevention and control of desertification effectively, and expand the space of energy-saving green agricultural industry. This paper overviews the technological advances about Cistanche deserticola planting industry, introduces the development trend of Cistanche deserticola industry and advanced planting technology especially, analyzes and estimates economic benefits of Cistanche deserticola planting, finally, views the application and popularization perspective of Cistanche deserticola planting technologically.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2023-02-02 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：台特玛湖干涸湖盆区风蚀沙漠化快速发展，发育了以新月形沙丘和风蚀坑（主要为槽状坑和碟状坑）为主的风沙地貌。风蚀坑的发育不仅受来流风影响，还与坑内三维流场有关。基于风洞实验和计算机流体力学（Computational fluid dynamics, CFD）数值模拟，对风蚀坑三维流场进行了探究。结果表明：（1）从入风侧到出风侧，槽状风蚀坑和碟状风蚀坑底面的风速均呈减速加速减速加速的变化模式，上口所在水平面的风速变化呈加速减速加速变化模式，上口气流压强也相应地发生变化，槽状风蚀坑和碟状风蚀坑整体呈低压高压低压变化模式，其中槽状坑变化更为明显。（2）两种形状风蚀坑对气流均具有一定的吸附效应，使坑外一定范围的风沙流被吸入坑内，聚集能量和风沙流，加剧风蚀坑风蚀发育。（3）风蚀坑加剧了地表侵蚀，侵蚀程度与风蚀坑尺度有关，风蚀坑尺度越大，对地表侵蚀越强。本文直观展示了两种典型风蚀坑中的三维速度、压力、风沙流流向分布，揭示了风蚀坑的风沙流吸附机制，研究结果可加深对风蚀坑形态动力学的理解，也可为内陆干涸湖盆沙漠化防治提供理论指导。
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2022-10-21 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：为了研究古尔班通古特沙漠荒漠-绿洲过渡带区域龟裂土立地条件下免灌人工梭梭林生 态特征，探讨林分的最佳建植密度，对莫索湾19832021年38 a集水造林地初始种植梭梭、梭梭自 然更新苗及不同坡位的土壤水分进行了调查，研究了梭梭生长对密度差异的响应，同时分析了各 林地土壤水分的变化特征，探讨了梭梭生长与土壤水分的关系，以期为人工梭梭林的营建与可持 续性提供科学依据。结果表明：（1）当梭梭造林密度为6 m3.5 m时（480 株hm-2），母树存活率最 高。随造林密度增大，母树保存率与梭梭自然更新比逐渐下降；母树保留密度越大的林地，其长势 越差、生物量越低；盖度、郁闭度越高的林地，阻碍浅层土壤水分的补给，导致梭梭更新苗长势及生 物量越差。（2）梭梭母树的林木生长与其根部140~280 cm深度土壤含水量之间均呈显著负相关 （P 地，其母树的长势越好、生物量越高。（3）当母树保留密度为360株hm-2（株行距4 m7 m）时，梭梭 长势较好、整体生物量最高，林下植被更为丰富，林地土壤水分条件相对较好。综上所述，在该地 区进行集水造林时，保持该密度更有利于免灌人工梭梭林结构稳定、持续发挥防风固沙效益。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2022-08-08 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：对新疆S214省道台特玛湖干涸湖盆段防沙体系内外的风沙流输沙和风速进行了同步观测，数据分析表明：观测时防沙体系中阻固沙带已拦截了大量风沙，虽近地表风速被削弱程度不大，但风沙流输沙的43.26%仍可被防沙体系所拦截和固定，而剩余部分则可借助路侧输沙带的较大风力输移到公路下风侧，且不产生路面沙害，表明阻固输结合型防沙体系非常适宜单风向强风沙环境。S214省道防沙实践可为其他强风沙环境公路防沙提供重要借鉴经验。
Hits
Hits
Downloads
Comment
YES