Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2023-11-22
Abstract： Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition. In addition to core symptoms including social impairments and restricted repetitive behaviors, about half of individuals with ASD also experience gastrointestinal symptoms and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is a kind of chronic disease associated with immune dysregulation, gut microbiome alterations, micronutrient malabsorption and anaemia, which may be perinatal factors associated with ASD. It's likely that comorbidities such as IBD are diagnosed in children with ASD. Although there has been some initial success in treating IBD to reduce or prevent ASD in children, further clinical trials should be carried out in the future to verify the effectiveness and safety of IBD treatment. Additional evidence to support aetiological research, early diagnosis, and clinical management of ASD in children might result from examining the association between IBD and ASD, as well as the relationship between parental IBD and childhood ASD.
Subjects: Psychology >> Medical Psychology submitted time 2023-09-08
Abstract： Abstract：
Under the guidance of traditional biomedical models, most studies have attributed the social communication deficits in autism to their own social shortcomings. However, the “Double Empathy” problem is rooted in the bidirectional nature of social communication. Autistic individuals face difficulties in integrating into the social environment not only because they themselves struggle to understand typical neurotypical individuals, but also because neurotypical individuals find it challenging to understand autism. Due to a mismatch in perception and understanding between autistic and neurotypical individuals, there is a bidirectional disconnect of information, thereby resulting in difficulties in their interactions. A series of related studies have confirmed the existence of the “Double Empathy” problem, with its internal mechanisms including differences in behavioral expressions and stigmatization. Interventions can be carried out through shared reading patterns, peer support, and interpersonal synchronization methods. Future research should focus on social communication in autistic individuals across different age groups, taking into account the unique expressions of empathy in autism, conducting in-depth studies of the interaction processes between both parties, and encouraging the development of more effective intervention.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： The study of the neural oscillation mechanism of working memory (WM) is one of the current research hotspots in the field of memory. Previous studies have provided abundant evidence for the relationship between working memory process and brain oscillation by magnetoencephalography (MEG)/ electroencephalography (EEG). However, that naturally invites a question: it is yet not clear whether neural oscillations are only a concomitant phenomenon in the WM process, or if they are directly involved in and can help regulating the WM processing. Several studies have found that brain neural oscillatory activity could be driven by external rhythmic stimuli and gradually synchronizes with the phase of external rhythmic stimuli via a phenomenon known as "neural oscillatory entrainment". Based on this, a lot of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) intervention studies conducted by modulating neural oscillatory activity provided more direct causal evidence of the relationship between neural oscillatory activity and working memory processing. We reviewed the rTMS/tACS studied on the field of human working memory which provided the casual evidence between the working memory processing (such as encoding, retention and retrieval) and neural oscillatory activity in specific frequency bands, phase-amplitude synchronization and phase synchronization between brain regions. Future studies may look into modulating multiple brain nodes underlying WM by a network approach via rTMS/tACS. Besides, to improve the effectiveness and repeatability of rTMS/tACS intervention, new research in the field should also clarify how to effectively apply rTMS/tACS intervention, supplemented with objective EEG recording to monitor the neural oscillation entrainment.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2021-11-02
Abstract： The study of the neural oscillation mechanism of working memory (WM) is one of the current research hotspots in the field of memory. However, it is yet not clear whether neural oscillations are only a concomitant phenomenon in the WM process, or if they are directly involved in and can help regulating the WM processing. Several studies have found that brain neural oscillatory activity could be driven by external rhythmic stimuli and gradually synchronizes with the phase of external rhythmic stimuli via a phenomenon known as "neural oscillatory entrainment". Based on this, a lot of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) intervention studies conducted by modulating neural oscillatory activity in specific frequency bands, phase–amplitude synchronization and phase synchronization between brain regions provided more direct causal evidence of the relationship between neural oscillatory activity and working memory processing. Future studies may look into modulating multiple brain nodes underlying WM by a network approach via rTMS/tACS. Besides, to improve the effectiveness and repeatability of rTMS/tACS intervention, new research in the field should also clarify how to effectively apply rTMS/tACS intervention, supplemented with objective EEG recording to monitor the neural oscillation entrainment.
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