Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Abstract: By considering the quantum Oppenheimer-Snyder model in loop quantum cosmology, a new quantum black hole model whose metric tensor is a suitably deformed Schwarzschild one is derived. The quantum effects imply a lower bound on the mass of the black hole produced by the collapsing dust ball. For the case of larger masses where the event horizon does form, the maximal extension of the spacetime and its properties are investigated. By discussing the opposite scenario to the quantum Oppenheimer-Snyder, a quantum Swiss Cheese model is obtained with a bubble surrounded by the quantum universe. This model is analogous to black hole cosmology or fecund universes where the big bang is related to a white hole. Thus our models open a new window to cosmological phenomenology.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Abstract: Given the non-graph-changing Hamiltonian $\widehat{H[N]}$ in Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG), $\langle\widehat{H[N]}\rangle$, the coherent state expectation value of $\widehat{H[N]}$, admits an semiclassical expansion in $\ell^2_{\rm p}$. In this paper, as presenting the detailed derivations of our previous work arXiv:2012.14242, we explicitly compute the expansion of $\langle\widehat{H[N]}\rangle$ to the linear order in $\ell^2_{\rm p}$ on the cubic graph with respect to the coherent state peaked at the homogeneous and isotropic data of cosmology. In our computation, a powerful algorithm is developed, supported by rigorous proofs and several theorems, to overcome the complexity in the computation of $\langle \widehat{H[N]} \rangle$. Particularly, some key innovations in our algorithm substantially reduce the complexity in computing the Lorentzian part of $\langle\widehat{H[N]}\rangle$. Additionally, some quantum correction effects resulting from $\langle\widehat{H[N]}\rangle$ in cosmology are discussed at the end of this paper.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2023-02-19
Abstract: Given the Loop-Quantum-Gravity (LQG) non-graph-changing Hamiltonian $\widehat{H[N]}$, the coherent state expectation value $\langle\widehat{H[N]}\rangle$ admits an semiclassical expansion in $\ell^2_{\rm p}$. In this paper, we compute explicitly the expansion of $\langle\widehat{H[N]}\rangle$ on the cubic graph to the linear order in $\ell^2_{\rm p}$, when the coherent state is peaked at the homogeneous and isotropic data of cosmology. In our computation, a powerful algorithm is developed to overcome the complexity in computing $\langle \widehat{H[N]} \rangle$. In particular, some key innovations in our algorithm substantially reduce the computational complexity in the Lorentzian part of $\langle\widehat{H[N]}\rangle$. Moreover, the algorithm developed in the present work makes it possible to compute the expectation value of arbitrary monomial of holonomies and fluxes on one edge up to arbitrary order of $\ell_{\rm p}^2$.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Biochemistry submitted time 2020-02-12
Abstract: A recent outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China was caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Here we reported 12 patients with 2019-nCoV infections in Shenzhen, China; all of them developed pneumonia and half developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We demonstrated the plasma cytokine profiles of these 12 patients. Thirty-eight out of 48 cytokines measured in the plasmas of 2019-nCoV infected patients were significantly elevated compared to healthy individuals. Seventeen cytokines were linked to 2019-nCoV load. Fifteen cytokines, M-CSF, IL-10, IFN-2, IL-17, IL-4, IP-10, IL-7, IL-1ra, G-CSF, IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-2, HGF, and PDGF-BB, were strongly associated with lung injury Murray score, and could predict disease severity of 2019-nCoV infections according to area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) calculations. Our results suggest that 2019-nCoV infections trigger extensive changes in a wide array of cytokines, some of these cytokines could be potential biomarkers of disease severity of 2019-nCoV infections. These findings improve our understanding of the immunopathologic mechanisms of this emerging and still evolving disease and suggest that modulators of cytokine responses could play a therapeutic role in combating the disease. " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Biochemistry submitted time 2020-02-08
Abstract: The outbreak of the 2019-nCoV infection began in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province, and rapidly spread to many provinces in China as well as other countries. Here we report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics, as well as potential biomarkers for predicting disease severity in 2019-nCoV-infected patients in Shenzhen, China. All 12 cases of the 2019-nCoV-infected patients developed pneumonia and half of them developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The most common laboratory abnormalities were hypoalbuminemia (ALB), lymphopenia, decreased percentage of lymphocytes (LYM) and neutrophils (NEU), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and decreased CD8 count. The viral load of 2019-nCoV detected from patient respiratory tracts was positively linked to lung disease severity. ALB, LYM, LYM (%), LDH, NEU (%) and CRP were highly correlated to the acute lung injury. Age, viral load, lung injury score, and blood biochemistry indexes, ALB, CRP, LDH, LYM (%), LYM, and NEU (%), may be predictors of disease severity. Moreover, the Angiotensin II level in the plasma sample from 2019-nCoV infected patients was markedly elevated and linearly associated to viral load and lung injury. Our results suggest a number of potential diagnosis biomarkers and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) drugs for potential repurposing treatment of 2019-nCoV infection.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review