Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： An important task of enhancing strategic scientific and technological strength is to strengthen national scientific research institutions. From the history of science and the international development, this study discusses the development of the national research institutions and their characteristics as a national strategic strength of science and technology, and discusses the role of Chinese national research institutions in national development, summarizes the achievements and successful experience of the national research institutions for facing the needs of the country, facing the frontier of science and technology, facing the main economic battlefield, and facing the life and health of the people during past ten years. Based on these discussions, policy suggestions are provided for the future development of national scientific research institutions.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： It is of great significance to seek common basis and promote bilateral exchanges and cooperation between China and the United States in science and technology area under the current situation of tension. The views of the American scientific community on Sino-US science and technology relations reflect the objective and rational understanding of the United States and deserve our attention. This paper reviews the major science and technology policy reports of American scientific communities and think tanks as well as the reports and articles of the National Academies that are considered representative by the American scientific community since 2019, summarizes and analyzes their main ideas and viewpoints, and puts forward corresponding policy suggestions.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the People’s Republic of China have been developing for 70 years concurrently. From a historical perspective, this study examines the development path and role of Chinese Academy of Sciences in different historical periods: the early period after the founding of the People’s Republic of China (1949–1955), the locomotive period (1956–1966), the former 20 years of the reform and opening up period (1977–1997), the Knowledge Innovation Project period (1998–2010), and the Pioneer Initiative Action period (2011–present). This paper points out that the development of CAS in the past 70 years shows the path of China's scientific and technological exploration, reform, innovation, and development, and CAS needs to deepen reform and forge ahead facing new challenges in future development.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： This study reviews the generation and development of the national strategic scientific & technological (S&T) power at different historical stages around the world from the perspective of historical development of science and technology, and studies the construction and development of China’s national strategic S&T power since the founding of new China. It also discusses the role of the Chinese Academy of Sciences as a national strategic S&T power. Based on the above research, this study puts forward the definition and characteristics of the national S&T strategic power. In the end, this study raises several suggestions on strengthening the national strategic S&T power.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： It is a common practice in the world to establish a science advisory system at the highest decision-making level of a country to provide advices on national science and technology strategies and policies. The Chief Scientific Adviser System is a network with Government Chief Scientific Adviser as the core and supported by Departmental Chief Scientific Advisers. It can provide timely, effective, and comprehensive policy recommendations for the decision-making of the Prime Minister, the Cabinet, and governmental departments. It is known as the UK model. Its experience can provide valuable reference for China. This work studies the development, the operating environment, position setting and role of the Chief Scientific Adviser System in UK, and summarizes the experience and inspiration of the UK model.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： This paper examines the evolution process of American technology policy since the Second World War, clarifies the dynamics, goals, and characteristics of the development of technology policy at each stage, and shows that the American technology policy in the cold War period is implied in the science policy, and then clearly put forward the special technology policy after the cold War, and then the technology policy has been developed well. This paper summarizes the determinants of American technology policy development as domestic factors, international environment, and characteristics of science and technology, and analyzes the future of American technology policy development.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Convergence research is a new paradigm to promote science and technology, which will not only promote scientific breakthroughs, but also address the great challenges that human facing in the 21st century. This study investigates the meaning and characteristics of convergence research and the concept of National Science Foundation (NSF) convergence research. According to the 10 Big Ideas and the new Strategic Plan (2018–2022) of NSF, this paper points out the strategic position of development of convergence research in NSF, analyzes the foundation and characteristics of convergence research projects supported by NSF, and presents the implementation of the first convergence awards. The paper also summarizes some conclusions of NSF’s support for convergence research, and puts forwards suggestions for China’s development of convergence research.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2018-05-31 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：文章从国家创新体系起源和发展的角度，探讨美国成为世界科技强国的发展道路和关键点，并指出美国在成为世界科技强国的发展过程中，经过二战形成了一个以政府、大学、企业三者伙伴关系为特点的创新体系，从而促进了美国科学技术的飞速发展。同时，美国科学技术也是在应对外部挑战而寻求变革中得到发展的。文章认为科学的自由和自主精神、基础研究与应用的结合、多元化的投入体系以及创新文化环境是美国成为世界科技强国的重要因素。
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2017-11-05 Cooperative journals: 《智库理论与实践》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] China’s construction of science and technology decision-making advisory system at the national level has entered a new stage, facing many new problems, for which we need to learn from the development experience of other countries in the world. [Method/process] This paper chose the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) of the Obama administration as a case, based on the PCAST meeting records and the report on the white house website, taking the text analysis and case-based approach to study its functions and fields, advisory mechanism, important advisory and its effects. [Result/conclusion] This study classifies PCAST advisory work influencing the policy-making and implementation into four types: on-going synergy, strategic guiding, solving problem and scientific supporting. This paper draws several conclusions for the PCAST success work and puts forward some reference suggestion for the construction of national science and technology advisory system for decision-making in China.
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